Abstract: A method for training a computerized mechanical device, comprising: receiving data documenting actions of an actuator performing a task in a plurality of iterations; calculating using the data a neural network dataset and used for performing the task; gathering in a plurality of reward iterations a plurality of scores given by an instructor to a plurality of states, each comprising at least one sensor value, while a robotic actuator performs the task according to the neural network; calculating using the plurality of scores a reward dataset used for computing a reward function; updating at least some of the neural network's plurality of parameters by receiving in each of a plurality of policy iterations a reward value computed by applying the reward function to another state comprising at least one sensor value, while the robotic actuator performs the task according to the neural network; and outputting the updated neural network.

Abstract: A pipelined ADC system comprising: a first ADC stage comprising a trainable neural network layer and configured to receive an analog input signal, and convert it into a first n-bit digital output representing said analog input signal; a DAC circuit comprising a trainable neural network layer and configured to receive said first n-bit digital output, and convert it into an analog output signal representing said first n-bit digital output; and a second ADC stage comprising a trainable neural network layer and configured to receive a residue analog input signal of said analog input signal, and convert it into a second n-bit digital output representing said residue analog input signal; wherein said first and second n-bit digital outputs are combined to generate a combined digital output representing said analog input signal.

Abstract: Provided are methods for the treatment of insulin resistance and insulin receptor diseases with SHP2 inhibitors, such as allosteric inhibitors of SHP2 and RNAi or siRNA that target SHP2 expression. Compositions and methods for delivery of SHP2 inhibitors, such as liver-targeting liposomes or nanoparticles, are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and kits for detecting the presence of at least one target DNA sequence with or without a modification in a DNA molecule are provided.

Abstract: A system for directional detection of radiation, comprises a plurality of scintillating crystals, responsive to the radiation and being arranged three-dimensionally, with voids between adjacent crystals, such that there are crystals that are inner and crystals that are outer within the arrangement. The system also comprises a plurality of light sensors coupled to the crystals for receiving optical signals from the crystals and responsively generating electrical signals, and a data processor receiving an electrical signal separately from each light sensor and calculating a direction of the radiation based on relative intensities of the signals and mutual occultation among different crystals.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for a suicide gene approach comprising an expression vector comprising a cell cycle-dependent promoter driving the expression of a suicide gene. Also provided herein are methods to render proliferative cells sensitive to a prodrug after transplantation but avoids expression of the suicide gene in post-mitotic cells, such as neurons.

Abstract: Cell-targeted cytotoxic agents, including sortase serine protease constructs, are provided. Such compounds can be used in methods for targeted cell killing such as for treatment cell of proliferative diseases (e.g., cancer). In some aspects, recombinant sortase serine proteases, such as Granzyme B polypeptides, are provided that exhibit improved stability and cell toxicity.

Abstract: A method of estimating a state of health of a battery, the method being performed by a computing apparatus, the method including: preparing a trained artificial neural network; generating input data by measuring at least one parameter of a battery; acquiring a plurality of output values each corresponding to a plurality of classes by inputting the input data into the trained artificial neural network; and generating a state of health estimation value of the battery using a plurality of preset health state sections each corresponding to the plurality of classes and the plurality of output values each corresponding to the plurality of classes.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a dielectric layer, a radiation pattern on the dielectric layer and a signal pad on the dielectric layer. The signal pad includes a bonding region that is electrically connected to the radiation pattern and is configured to be bonded to an external circuit structure, and a margin region adjacent to the bonding region. Impedance mismatching is prevented by the margin region so that radiation efficiency is improved.

Abstract: An apparatus for optical detection of ultrasound includes one or more optical resonators (OR—200), one or more optical passive-demodulation interferometers (OPDI—22), and one or more respective electro-optical readout circuits (EORC—24). The one or more optical resonators (OR) are configured to modulate respective carrier frequencies of optical signals indicative of US waves impinging thereon. The one or more OPDI are implemented in one or more photonic integrated circuits (PIC), wherein each OPDI is configured to demodulate the optical signal output by the respective OR, so as to generate a respective intensity-modulated optical signal. Each OPDI includes an interferometer (32) having imbalanced arms (323, 325) that are recombined using an optical hybrid (34). The one or more respective EORC are each configured to measure the intensity demodulated optical signal produced by the respective OPDI, and to output a respective electrical signal.

Abstract: A combined reflectance confocal and two-photon microscopy system for non-invasive high-speed/high-contrast examination of living tissue and a method for non-invasive high-speed/high-contrast examination of living tissue using the same, wherein the combined reflectance confocal and two-photon microscopy system enables high speed imaging while providing extracellular matrix/cell contrast together with information of existing reflectance confocal microscopy.

Abstract: Provided are electrochemical cells and methods for generating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.

Abstract: A system and methods are provided for decision making under uncertainty, for selecting an optimal action from among multiple candidate actions in belief space planning (BSP), including, for a new propagated belief: selecting from stored propagated beliefs a closest propagated belief; selecting, from among the stored measurement samples associated with the closest propagated belief, re-use measurement samples that provide a representative set of a measurement likelihood distribution corresponding to the new propagated belief; determining an information gap between a stored posterior belief associated with a re-use measurement sample and a new posterior belief that would be inferred by applying the re-use measurement sample to the new propagated belief; updating the stored posterior belief to account for the information gap; and calculating objective values for the multiple candidate actions, the objective values being weighted summations including immediate scores of the updated posterior beliefs.

Abstract: Provided is a method of transmitting security information of a single-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) wiretap channel. In the method of transmitting the security information of the single-bit ADC channel, a transmitting terminal adds additive noise to a transmission signal and transmits the transmission signal, and a receiving terminal and a wiretap terminal which each include a single-bit ADC receive the transmission signal, wherein received information is processed so as not to be determined by the wiretap terminal. When intensity of additive noise of the receiving terminal is less than that of additive noise of the wiretap terminal, a binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) distribution is used, and when the intensity of the additive noise of the receiving terminal is greater than that of the additive noise of the wiretap terminal, a codebook is designed using an asymmetric BPSK distribution in which both of two message points have a positive value.

Abstract: Agents which inhibit Gads dimerization are provided. Accordingly there is provided an agent which inhibits Gads (SEQ ID NO: 1) dimerization, the agent interacting with a pharmacophore binding site comprising an amino acid selected from the group consisting of F55, P56, W58, F59, E61, G62, A84-F92, V107-N111, Y115, F116, L125 and N126 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Also provided an agent which inhibits Gads (SEQ ID NO: 1) dimerization, the agent interacting with a pharmacophore binding site comprising an amino acid sequence of an SH3 domain of SEQ ID NO: 1. Also provided are methods of inhibiting activation of a T cell and/or a mast cell and methods of treating or preventing a disease associated with activation of T cells or an allergic response.

Abstract: An imaging system (200) including a phase-modulating element (202) configured and arranged with optics (100) in an imaging path (300) of the imaging system, to modulate light emitted from an object (150), while the object is in motion with respect to the imaging system, to create a modified point-spread function (PSF); and a processor (700) configured and arranged to generate, on an image plane (500) of the imaging system, a three-dimensional image from the modulated light to provide depth-based characteristics of the object. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof having specific binding affinity to RING finger protein 4 (RNF4). The invention is further directed to use of the antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof in detecting a RNF4-associated disease in a subject, such as cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a first memory cell, a second memory cell, and an amplification circuit. The first memory cell outputs a first voltage through a first bit line or a second voltage through a second bit line, based on first input data received through a first word line and a second word line and a first weight. The second memory cell outputs a third voltage through the first bit line or a fourth voltage through the second bit line, based on second input data received through a third word line and a fourth word line and a second weight. The amplification circuit generates an output voltage having a level corresponding to a sum of a level of a voltage received through the first bit line and a level of a voltage received through the second bit line.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating biological information of a user may include a light source configured to emit light to an object of the user; an image sensor comprising a pixel array, and configured to acquire successive image frames by detecting light scattered or reflected from the object of the user; and a processor configured to: select a predetermined number of pixel-rows from among pixel-rows of the image sensor, detect signal intensities in the predetermined number of pixel-rows for each image frame of the successive image frames, correct the signal intensities, combine the signal intensities for each image frame of the successive image frames based on correcting the signal intensities, acquire a photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal based on combining the signal intensities, and estimate the biological information of the user based on the PPG signal.

Abstract: Doubly-crosslinked hydrogel polyHIPEs (DC-PHs), which exhibit rapid water absorption, enhanced mechanical properties, and shape memory behavior, are provided herein, as well as processes of producing the same and uses thereof. DC-PHs comprise a continuous HIPE-templated doubly-crosslinked hydrogel, formed from hydrogel-forming monomers, ligand-bearing monomers, and crosslinking monomers.