Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate including a first insulation substrate, and rectangular pixel electrodes provided in a matrix on the first insulation substrate and elongated in a first direction, a second substrate opposing the first substrate, and including a second insulation substrate, a counter electrode on the second insulation substrate, and projections on the counter electrode, elongated in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a liquid crystal layer held between the first and second substrates. The projections extend through pixel regions defined by the pixel electrodes and counter electrode, and are formed asymmetrical with respect to a first imaginary line passing through centers of opposite short sides of each pixel electrode and extending in the first direction, and with respect to a second imaginary line passing through centers of opposite long sides of each pixel electrode and extending in the second direction.

Abstract: A surface light source device includes a light source unit, a reflector that is disposed to surround the light source unit, and reflects radiation light from the light source unit, and a light guide having an incidence surface on which the radiation light from the light source unit is incident, and an emission surface from which incident light that is incident through the incidence surface is emitted. The light source unit includes a plurality of point light sources with different major radiation directions.

Abstract: In order to reduce the scale of drive ICs and to prevent uneven display in signal line selective drive, in this liquid crystal display device, for each group in which one video output line corresponds to N signal lines, the signal line is switched and connected to the video output line via an analog switch ASW. Thus, the number of the video output lines is reduced to 1/N. Moreover, as to an Lth scan line, for each of the groups, a signal line to which a video signal having its polarity inverted between an L-1th scan line and the Lth scan line is supplied is selected first and a signal line to which a video signal having its polarity not inverted is supplied is selected later. Thus, a video signal in which a polarity is not inverted and no potential change occurs is supplied to the signal line later.

Abstract: The size of a foreign substance which is present between a cathode and an anode and which contributes to a short circuit therebetween is measured. On the basis of the measured size, the wavelength of a laser beam with which the foreign substance is irradiated is set, as is the number of times of irradiation. The foreign substance is irradiated with the laser beam to eliminate at least part of the foreign substance.

Abstract: A method for providing a high-response and wide-viewing-angle liquid crystal panel capable of causing a transition of liquid crystal, called the OCB mode, into a bend configuration in a short time, by providing a period in which a potential difference higher than that in a normal image display period is continuously applied between gate lines and opposing electrodes or between pixel electrodes and the opposing electrodes of a liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A surface light source unit includes a cold-cathode fluorescent tube, a light guide which receives light from the cold-cathode fluorescent tube and outputs the light, a back frame supporting the cold-cathode fluorescent tube and the light guide and including a projection used to position the light guide and the cold-cathode fluorescent tube, and a lamp holder including a holding portion which holds an end of the cold-cathode fluorescent tube, and a buffering portion provided between the projection and the cold-cathode fluorescent tube.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display apparatus of an OCB type, a frame inversion drive is carried out to invert the polarities of a white level voltage and a black level voltage in conformity with the polarity of an opposed voltage on the frame-to-frame basis, so that the amplitudes of the black level voltage and the white level voltage decrease with rise in environmental temperature.

Abstract: Illumination unit UT is used for the illumination of an LCD panel 1 from the rear side of the LCD panel 1. Illumination unit UT includes light source 2, rear cover 6 to cover light source 2 and resin frame 7 assembled with rear cover 6. Resin frame 7 is provided with stopper 73 and rib 74 disposed to restrict the movement of stopper 73 perpendicularly to rib 74. Rear cover 6 has first and second apertures 64 and 65 provided correspondingly to receive stopper 73 and rib 74, respectively. Resin frame 7 and rear cover 6 are assembled with each other by the engagement of stopper 73 and rib 74 with first and second apertures 64 and 65, respectively.

Abstract: A top-emitting display apparatus is provided having a plurality of pixels, said apparatus comprising an anode formed on a substrate, a well-defining layer, the thickness of said well-defining layer being insufficient for it to serve as a spacer for an evaporation mask, an organic electroluminescent layer formed on the anode in each well of the well-defining layer to form said plurality of pixels, a layer of metal formed on the top surface of the well-defining layer, and a transparent cathode layer deposited such that it is formed both on the electroluminescent layer and the layer of metal on the top surface of the well-defining layer. A method for the manufacture of such an apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the application of material to form a layer of an organic electroluminescent device. The material is sputter deposited typically from at least one target of material held in respect to a magnetron in a coating chamber. The magnetrons used can be unbalanced magnetrons and/or are provided with other magnetrons and/or magnet arrays in a closed field configuration. The material is found to be deposited in a manner which prevents or minimises damage to the device and hence reduces or removes the need for a barrier layer to be applied.

Abstract: An optical sheet has an isotropic medium layer and an anisotropic medium layer. The isotropic medium layer is made of an optically isotropic medium and has a first surface and ridge-shaped projections. The projections are formed on the first surface, arranged in a first direction and extend in a second direction intersecting at right angles to the first direction. Each projection has a cross section shaped like a segment of a circle. The anisotropic medium layer is made of an optically uniaxial medium and has a second surface and groove-shaped recesses. The recesses are made in the second surface, arranged in the first direction and extend in the second direction. Each recesses has a cross section shaped like a segment of a circle. The isotropic and the anisotropic medium layers are laid one on the other, with the respective projections firmly fitted in the respective recesses.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a liquid crystal display panel and an optical unit. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a plurality of projections. Each of the pixel electrodes has a major axis that is 160 ?m or less long. A value obtained by dividing a height of the projections by a gap d between the first and second substrates is 0.14 to 0.6. The projections are 15 ?m or less wide as measured in the first direction. The apparatus satisfied the relation of MIN (la, lb)/d<10.

Abstract: A method is provided to produce an opto-electronic device comprising a substrate, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer of opposite polarity to said first electrode layer, any interlayers and, between said first and second electrode layers, a first functional material in interfacial contact with a second functional material, wherein the first functional material has the structure of a laterally porous film and the second functional material is a film disposed over and interpenetrating with the film of the first functional material.

Abstract: A polymer formed from optionally substituted first repeat units of formula (I) wherein Ar is selected from (a) aromatic hydrocarbon substituted with at least one electron withdrawing group or electron withdrawing heteroaryl. The polymers have application in electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: In order to achieve high display quality level in both of the reflective and transmissive regions without providing steps in the liquid crystal layer, in the reflective region for display with light reflected from a metallic auxiliary capacitance line, a part of a transparent pixel electrode overlaps the auxiliary capacitance line. An electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode inclines liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in a region where the pixel electrode overlaps the auxiliary capacitance line, and an oblique electric field generated between an end portion of the pixel electrode and the counter electrode inclines liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer in a region where the pixel electrode does not overlap the auxiliary capacitance line. Thereby, the phase differences in light passing through the reflective region is close to that in light passing through the transmissive region.

Abstract: A structurally supported LCD media comprising: an initial structural layer; a plurality of addressable layers, each of which having predetermined optical properties, and the layers have LC there-between and have narrow conductive pathways on opposing faces which respectively address a predetermined LC volume between the pathways, and the pathways are respectively accessible for interconnection with a LC electric pulse driving means; a final structural layer being of predetermined optically transparency to frequencies of light scattered by at least one of the other layers; and means for sealing the initial layer to the final layer with the addressable layers there-between.

Abstract: A stepped light guide has an incident surface, an emitting surface and a stepped reflecting structure. The emitting surface is adjacent to the incident surface. The stepped reflecting structure is adjacent to the incident surface, faces the emitting surface and has a proximal end, a distal end, multiple planar surfaces and multiple inclined surfaces. The proximal end is adjacent to the incident surface. The distal end is opposite to the proximal end. The planar surfaces are parallel to and separated from the emitting surface by a depth, the depth being gradually reduced from the proximal end to the distal end. The inclined surfaces are formed between every two adjacent planar surfaces. The light guide effectively changes a linear or point light source into a surface light source having uniform illumination.

Abstract: Illumination unit UT is used for the illumination of an LCD panel 1 from the rear side of the LCD panel 1. Illumination unit UT is provided with light source 2, rear cover 6 to cover light source 2 and reflective sheet 5 coated on an inner surface of rear cover 6. Concretely, reflective sheet 5 is disposed to have clearance “A” with respect to rear cover 6. Alternatively, reflective sheet 5 is divided into a plurality of pieces, so that clearance “A” is defined between at least one piece 5A of reflective sheet 5 and rear cover 6.

Abstract: A formulation for depositing a material on a substrate, the formulation comprising the material to be deposited on the substrate dissolved in a solvent system comprising a first solvent component having a relatively high boiling point and which exhibits a relatively low solubility with respect to the material to be deposited, and a second solvent component having a relatively low boiling point and which exhibits a relatively high solubility with respect to the material to be deposited.

Abstract: A light-emissive device comprising: a light-emissive region (12): a first electrode (10) located on a viewing side of the light-emissive region for injecting charge carriers of a first type: and a second-electrode (11) located on a non-viewing side of the light-emissive region for injecting charge carriers of a second type; and wherein there is a reflectivity-influencing structure (13) located on the non-viewing side of the light-emissive region and including a light absorbent layer comprising graphite and/or a fluoride or oxide of a low work function metal.