Abstract: 3-Alkoxy acrylonitriles are obtained directly from the corresponding nitriles by reaction of carbon monoxide and alcoholates followed by reaction with organic halides.

Abstract: Resorcinols of the structure of p-orsellinic acid ester are obtained from pyrones of the formula ##STR1## by the action of no more than catalytic amounts of bases.

Abstract: This invention relates to solutions of silanols prepared by hydrolysis of alkyltrialkoxysilanes whose alkoxy groups are partially or completely hydrolyzed.Preferred hydrolyzed alkyltrialkoxysilanes are of the formula CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --Si(OH).sub.n (OH').sub.3-n.

Abstract: A superrefractory dry ramming material based on zirconium oxide for the lining of induction-type crucible furnaces comprising a zirconium oxide low in SiO.sub.2 and conventionally stabilized with CaO, MgO, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, rare earths or their mixed oxides which has a particle size ranging from 0 to 8 mm, and from 5 to 40 weight percent finely divided monoclinic, fused zirconium oxide containing less than 0.5 weight percent SiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A sealing sheet for the building industry made up of at least one layer which contains an elastomeric synthetic resin that is devoid of, i.e., free of vulcanization accelerator, and that contains fillers, especially carbon admixed with an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and/or ethylene-propylene copolymer and which has, on the outside and/or between layers of a synthetic resin, a reinforcing layer laminated in place with the use of heat and comprised of a fabric, a mat, a knitted material, a nonwoven material, or a similar material formed of a synthetic resin and/or of glass fibers.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY-- (Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: A method for the continuous preparation of an alkoxysilane with hydrogen chloride contents of less than 20 ppm. In the method, the esterification is performed continuously in a reactor, and the raw esterification product is delivered to the top of a column. In this column, the reactant alcohol is vaporized and condensed at the top. The raw product drips from the top of the column to the bottom where it is collected as pure product. The method is suitable for the preparation of both tetraalkoxysilanes and of substituted alkoxysilanes. Partially condensed alkoxysilanes having a defined silicon dioxide content can also be made by this method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid accelerators for the setting of concrete mixtures. These accelerators have a long shelf life even in higher concentrations than the liquid accelerators known heretofore and, within the defined concentrations, produce no precipitation. The new accelerators are characterized by containing only potassium aluminate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide in a defined range. They can be used in any known hydraulic binding agents, they shorten the set time of these binding agents, and they improve the compressive strength of the products made with them.

Abstract: In a process for the isolation of cobalt and/or manganese in the form of precipitated, easily filtrable cobalt and/or manganese oxalates from acetic acid solutions or extracts, the solutions in question are treated with oxalic acid dimethyl or diethyl ester at temperatures of 50.degree. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the modification of starch by silanes wherein the starch and silane are contacted in an organic solvent in the presence of a metallic acid ester of a metal of groups IVB or VB of the Periodic Table of the elements. The resulting suspension is stirred. The subsequently separated starch exhibits better working characteristics than the corresponding unmodified starch.

Abstract: A process is provided for the recovery and recycling of spent cobalt and/or manganese catalysts used in the air oxidation of alkyl aromatics in acetic acid. The catalysts are isolated in the form of oxalates of extremely low solubility from the acetic acid mother liquors and the cobalt oxalate dihydrate and/or manganese oxalate dihydrate catalysts are restored by the joint action of hydrogen bromide and acetic anhydride, acetyl bromide, or a mixture thereof, to a form in which they are soluble in acetic acid and can be used, again, as oxidation catalysts.

Abstract: A method for separating chlorosilanes from a gaseous mixture which additionally contains hydrogen and hydrogen chloride by washing the gaseous mixture with saturated hydrochloric acid is disclosed. The resulting chlorosilane hydrolysis products can remain in the hydrochloric acid serving as washing liquid, without interfering with the purifying action. The suspended hydrolysis products are easily filtrable, and can be periodically separated from the hydrochloric acid. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrochloric acid is recirculated and injected into the gas stream being washed.

Abstract: In a process for the recovery of cobalt oxalate and/or manganese oxalate, the solutions or extracts containing cobalt and/or manganese are treated with sodium, potassium or ammonium oxalate. To obtain an easily filtrable cobalt and/or manganese oxalate precipitate, the precipitation is performed at temperatures of 50.degree. to 160.degree. C. with 1 to 2 moles of solid alkali oxalate or ammonium oxalate. When sodium oxalate is used, the water content of the solutions or extracts is from 5 to 90% by weight, when potassium oxalate is used it is from 2 to 15% by weight, and when ammonium oxalate is used it is from 1 to 12% by weight.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of mixed polyesters with the use of titanium catalysts, wherein addition products prepared from phosphorous acid and monoepoxides are utilized, especially in the esterification stage and the subsequent polycondensation stage of the process. The resulting polyester is free from discoloration.

Abstract: 2,4-Dihydroxypyrimidine (uracil) is prepared from alkali formyl acetic acid ester by reaction with thiourea, heating with chloroacetic acid, and heating with acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to resin mixtures which are fluid at temperatures up to 100.degree. C. and which crosslink either at elevated temperature or under the influence of moisture. Thermal crosslinking takes place at temperatures of 100.degree. C. and up, preferably at about 120.degree. C. The mixtures contain one or more mutually compatible polymers containing hydroxyl groups, in which at least 5% and not more than 90% of the hydroxyl groups are replaced by alkoxysilyl groups. The introduction of the alkoxysilyl groups is accomplished by the reaction of a diisocyanate with a hydroxyl group on the polymer, on the one hand, and with an aminosilane or mercaptosilane ester on the other. On the basis of their fluid-to-viscous consistency at room temperature or moderately elevated temperature, the resins can be applied in a thin coating and easily crosslinked in situ.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted to be mounted on a surface grinding machine is provided for testing abrasive grains in single-grit scratch tests. To permit specimen preparation and scratching to be carried out on a single machine without changeover and without reclamping the specimen, and to maintain the infeed in the scratching operation constant by giving the specimen a contour corresponding to the cross-feed error, a belt grinder and a scratching device comprising a support disk, mounted by means of a main flange and a counterflange, and a scratching disk mounted on the main flange and carrying a single grain secured to its periphery along with a force-measuring system disposed thereunder, are designed as a structural unit adapted to be mounted on the spindle of the surface grinding machine, with a belt tensioning arm mounted to the headstock.

Abstract: In corundum abrasive grain which is ceramically coated with ground frit, a binder and fine grain highly abrasive material for the purpose of improving adhesion of the abrasive grain in its processing to resin-bonded abrasives and their use in wet grinding. The fine grain material forms from 1 to 5 weight percent of the untreated corundum grain and ranges in size from 10 to 50 microns, which corresponds to from 1 to 10 percent of the average diameter of the initial grain.

Abstract: An improvement in the alkoxylation of a compound having a reactive methylene group by contacting said compound with an orthoformic acid trialkyl ester in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement residing in employing at least 1.6 moles of orthoformic acid ester per mole of compound having a reactive methylene group and carrying out the process in the presence of a catalyst of the group of aliphatic carboxylic acids, anhydrides of aliphatic carboxylic acids, aromatic sulphonic acids, alkali metal alcoholates and alkanolamines.

Abstract: An impact sensitive ignition device with an amplifier charge including a housing having a bottom and side wall, the side wall having a shoulder. An igniter is disposed in the housing at the bottom thereof with an anvil positioned in the housing for cooperation with the igniter. The anvil has at least one aperture therethrough and is supported on the shoulder of the housing. A sleeve member is disposed above the anvil and has an open end with a flange thereat, the sleeve member being coupled to the housing at the flange thereof, and the amplifier charge is disposed in the sleeve member.