Abstract: An apparatus and method for identifying and/or quantifying a charged biological substance in a conductive liquid medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a procedure for the qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of biological substances, which are preferably biological substances, that are present in a conductive liquid medium, with the aid of at least one affinity sensor that includes at least one structure that includes at least one semiconductor material, which is coated on one of its surface with at least one layer of an isolating material, which in turn is affixed adhesively to at least one sensitive membrane, which is in contact with the conductive medium and which includes ligands that are complementary to the biological substances in question and which are capable of, and suitable for, forming pairs specifically with the latter biological substances, with the said procedure being characterized by the fact that it consists essentially of applying a voltage between the semiconductor and the conductive medium; of gathering the variations in the electrical signals induced by a charge-effect phenomenon directly and essent

Abstract: The present invention relates to a procedure for the qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of biological substances, which are preferably biological substances, that are present in a conductive liquid medium, with the aid of at least one affinity sensor that includes at least one structure that includes at least one semiconductor material, which is coated on one of its surface with at least one layer of an isolating material, which in turn is affixed adhesively to at least one sensitive membrane, which is in contact with the conductive medium and which includes ligands that are complementary to the biological substances in question and which are capable of, and suitable for, forming pairs specifically with the latter biological substances, with the said procedure being characterized by the fact that it consists essentially of applying a voltage between the semiconductor and the conductive medium; of gathering the variations in the electrical signals induced by a charge-effect phenomenon directly and essent

Abstract: A method of measuring the surface temperature of an object. The method includes performing ellipsometric measurements on the object in order to determine at least first and second photon energies (E.sub.1, E.sub.2) for an electromagnetic beam at which measurements are respectively substantially independent of temperature and dependent on temperature. The method further includes creating and directing to the object, an electromagnetic incident beam including at least the first and second photon energies (E.sub.1, E.sub.2). The change in polarization at the first photon energy (E.sub.1) is measured and the thickness of the layer of material is determined on the basis of this measurement. The surface temperature of the object can then be determined on the basis of the measured change in polarization at the second photon energy (E.sub.2) of the beam, while taking account of the thickness of the layer of material.

Abstract: A process for producing a surface gate comprising a selective membrane for an integrated chemical sensor comprising a field effect transistor, and the integrated chemical sensor thus produced, wherein the surface gate is particularly sensitive to alkaline-earth species, and more particularly, sensitive to the calcium ion. The process comprises forming grafts on the surface gate, and making the grafts operative utilizing phosphonate-based, iono-sensitive molecules.