Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a via electrode by which productivity and production yield can be augmented or maximized. The method of the present invention includes: forming a via hole at a substrate; forming a catalyst layer at a sidewall and a bottom of the via hole; and forming a graphene layer in the via hole by exposing the catalyst layer to a solution mixed with graphene particles.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus using visible light communication generates a light source control signal from color information representing additional information and transmits additional information with a color of light that is emitted by a light source by controlling an on/off time of a plurality of LEDs according to the light source control signal. Therefore, a user can intuitively know additional information from a color of light that is emitted by the light source.

Abstract: A packet combining device for a communication system using hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) includes: a HARQ buffer; a combiner configured to combine data which is previously received and stored in the HARQ buffer with newly-received data; and a channel decoder configured to attempt channel decoding by using the combined received data provided from the combiner and provide one or more of log likelihood ratios (LLRs) computed for a systematic bit and a parity bit of the combined received data to the combiner such that the one or more LLRs are combined with the data used for channel decoding.

Abstract: In the OCT apparatus, the reference mirror is a mirror having a multi-layer structure having at least two planes and includes a first plane and at least one second plane having a height difference corresponding to ¼ length of a central wavelength of the light source or an odd multiple of ¼ length with respect to the first plane such that beams reflected by the planes have a phase shift corresponding to a half wavelength or an odd multiple of the half wavelength. Since a bandwidth of a light source is not increased, large broadband performance of optical parts is not required and neither is dispersion compensation of the path in each coherence arm. Therefore, the OCT apparatus using the reference mirror can be applied in industries that require various precise thick film techniques through the tomography image having the remarkably enhanced contrast in the depth direction.

Abstract: The method includes generating a 3D facility model for time-series information mapping using a 3D facility model, receiving input information on a desired time-series information type and a time-series information showing method, retrieving time-series information required to be visualized on the basis of the input information on the time-series information type and the time-series information showing method, mapping the retrieved time-series information to the generated 3D facility model according to the input time-series information showing method, and integratedly visualizing the 3D facility model and the time-series information mapped to the 3D facility model. When the apparatus and method are used, household-specific time-series information is precisely mapped and visualized to the corresponding 3D positions of a 3D spatial model, so that the time-series information in a 3D virtual city model can be integratedly visualized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data transmission system that transmits data by using relay. The relay may select a transmission terminal from among a plurality of terminals accessing a base station. The base station may transmit base station data to the relay during a first time slot, the transmission terminal may transmit terminal data to the relay. The relay may transmit the terminal data to the base station and may transmit the base station data to the transmission terminal during a second time slot.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an abnormal host based on session monitoring includes: a host information collection unit for collecting information of processes being executed in hosts and information of sessions connected by the hosts; a network traffic monitoring unit for collecting network traffic information; an analysis unit for calculating an entropy of each host based on the collected session information to analyze correlation between hosts based on the calculated entropy and the network traffic information; and a detection unit for detecting an abnormal host and a process causing harmful traffic in the abnormal host based on the correlation and updating a black list based on the detected host and process.

Abstract: There are provided a 3-D image synchronization method and apparatus. The method comprises determining a reference region for each of the frames of a first image and determining a counter region for each of the frames of a second image, corresponding to the reference region, for the first image and the second image forming a 3-D image; calculating the feature values of the reference region and the counter region; extracting a frame difference between the first image and the second image based on the feature values; and moving any one of the first image and the second image in the time domain based on the extracted frame difference.

Abstract: A communication apparatus for a continuous phase modulation signal. The communication apparatus includes a first processing unit configured to generate first information of the continuous phase modulation signal using first symbol data; a symbol converting unit configured to convert the first symbol data into second symbol data or convert the second symbol data into the first symbol data; a symbol storage unit configured to store the second symbol data; a second processing unit configured to second information of the continuous phase modulation signal using the second symbol data stored in the symbol storage unit; a third processing unit configured to generate third information of the continuous phase modulation signal using a modulo operation of an integer related to a modulation index; and an output unit configured to add an output from the third processing unit and an output from the first processing unit and generate the continuous phase modulation signal.

Abstract: A beam forming apparatus includes: a receiver including a plurality of digital phase shifters configured to estimate an angle of arrival (AOA) of a received signal; and a transmitter including a plurality of analog phase shifters configured to perform phase shift based on the estimated AOA or a designated angle of orientation.

Abstract: Provided are a method and mobile terminal for performing a personalized search, capable of providing search results optimized for a user in consideration of location and user preference. The method includes acquiring a question keyword from a user and information about the location of a mobile terminal, making a local search on the basis of the question keyword and the location information to generate local search results, displaying the local search results and storing a use record of the user of the mobile terminal corresponding to the displayed local search results, generating a user preference analysis model using the location information and the use record, then applying the generated user preference analysis model to the local search results, and deducing personalized final local search results from the local search results. Thus, it is possible to provide the local search results optimized for the user.

Abstract: Provided is a data transmission apparatus to transmit a reference orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol generated by frequency division multiplexing a reference symbol and a data symbol, and a data reception apparatus to estimate a channel using the reference OFDM symbol. Since the reference symbol and the data symbol are frequency division multiplexed, a Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) may not increase greatly, and the transmission apparatus may transmit the reference OFDM symbol to the data reception apparatus more frequently. Accordingly, the data reception apparatus may estimate a channel accurately.

Abstract: An image-based hand detection apparatus includes a hand image detection unit for detecting a hand image corresponding to a shape of a hand clenched to form a fist from an image input. A feature point extraction unit extracts feature points from an area, having lower brightness than a reference value, in the detected hand image. An image rotation unit compares the feature points of the detected hand image with feature points of hand images stored in a hand image storage unit, and rotates the detected hand image or the stored hand images. A matching unit compares the detected hand image with the stored hand images and generates a result of the comparison. If at least one of the stored hand images is matched with the detected hand image, a hand shape recognition unit selects the at least one of the stored hand images as a matching hand image.

Abstract: A horizontal beam adjusting method and apparatus for an omni-directional antenna are provided. The horizontal beam adjusting apparatus may generate a switch control signal according to an inclination of the omni-directional antenna, and adjust a radiation direction of the omni-directional antenna according to the switch control signal. Accordingly, the adjusted radiation direction may have horizontal omni-directionality with respect to a ground surface.

Abstract: In a method for providing multimedia services in a communication system, a request message for requesting contract information on users' multimedia services are received from a terminal according to service requests of the multimedia services to be received by the users. A query message for searching for the contract information in a database is generated corresponding to the request message, and the query message is transmitted to the database. The contract information is searched in the database through a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) query format protocol based on the query message, and a query result message containing the contract information is received from the database in response to the query message. The contract information is acknowledged in the query result message, and a response message containing the contract information is generated. Then, the response message is transmitted to the terminal.

Abstract: Provided is a method that may provide an application extensibility by providing an open operation structure where an application service platform provides a service in interoperation with a sensor node or a sensor network including n sensor nodes. A device recognition system using an identifier of a sensor node may include: an identifier management server to obtain the identifier of the sensor node, and to provide address information regarding metadata and interface configuration software that are associated with the obtained identifier; and an application service platform to download the metadata and the interface configuration software using the provided address information, and to communicate with the sensor node based on the downloaded metadata and interface configuration software.

Abstract: An antenna providing a plurality of radiation patterns by adjusting a vertical beamwidth and a construction method for the antenna are provided. The antenna may include an integrated circuit (IC) element unit to provide a plurality of radiation patterns, and a switching unit to selectively provide any one of the plurality of radiation patterns based on control data.

Abstract: An apparatus for harvesting energy from an electromagnetic field include an interface unit and a rectifier circuit. The interface unit obtains signals induced in a human body in electronic devices. The rectifier circuit rectifies an AC signal inputted from the interface unit and converts the inputted AC signal into DC power. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain desired power without additional exposure of an electromagnetic field to a human body or surroundings of the human body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for managing a virtual world. The method for managing a virtual world includes: receiving virtual world management information including user information and communication information; and managing a virtual world, objects in the virtual world, and relationships between the objects using the virtual world management information.

Abstract: A method of controlling power saving modes of a plurality of terminals joining in a group communication by a base station is provided. The base station establishes a group call connection with the plurality of terminals, and establishes a same power saving mode pattern for the plurality of terminals.