Abstract: Provided a method for simultaneously transmitting data frames to a plurality of STAs in a multi-user based wireless communication system. The method includes: requesting sounding or feedback for the plurality of STAs by using a first control information frame containing first group information; receiving responses to the sounding or feedback request; reconfiguring the plurality of STAs composing the first group into a plurality of second groups on the basis of the responses such that the sum of maximum transport streams of the respective STAs composing one group becomes equal to or less than the maximum number of streams transmitted by an AP; transmitting a second control information frame containing second group information on the respective second groups to the plurality of STAs composing the first group; and transmitting data frames by using the second group information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a near-field antenna. In an aspect, the near-field antenna may include a dielectric layer, a ground plane formed on one side of the dielectric layer, a plurality of U-shaped slots periodically disposed in the ground plane for radiation, and a microstrip line provided on the other side of the dielectric layer for power feeding. In another aspect, the near-field antenna may include a dielectric layer, a ground plane formed on one side of the dielectric layer, a plurality of U-shaped slots periodically disposed in the ground plane for radiation, and a microstrip line configured to have a plurality of U-shaped slots diverged on the other side of the dielectric layer in parallel for power feeding, have the plurality of U-shaped slots periodically disposed in series in respective diverged lines, and have an end shorted to form standing waves.

Abstract: A system includes a server including a map data storage device storing original tile map data, grayscale image tile map data, and a plurality of multi-resolution color image tile map data having a resolution lower than that of the grayscale image tile map data, and a multi-resolution tile map data generation and transmission device generating the grayscale image tile map data and the multi-resolution color image tile map data and storing the generated data in the map data storage device, and a client including a multi-resolution tile map data reception and fusion device generating color tile map data by fusing the received grayscale image tile map data and color image tile map data and providing the color tile map data to a user, in which the resolution of the color image tile map data transmitted from the server is variably controlled according to the network environment.

Abstract: Disclosed are a slim self-powering power supplier using a flexible PCB for a wireless sensor network and a sensor node using the same, and a fabrication method thereof. An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a self-powering power supplier including: a flexible PCB; a lower electrode positioned on the flexible PCB; a piezoelectric body having a cantilever structure deposited on the lower electrode; and an upper electrode formed on the piezoelectric body.

Abstract: A memory mapping apparatus for a multi-processing unit includes at least one memory matching unit configured to perform matching between a plurality of processing units and a plurality of memories, a memory controller configured to perform access control and arbitration for the respective memories, a memory mapping unit configured to include a window map for the respective processing units, make correspond the memories to the respective processing units with reference to the window map, and assign part of the entire address region of the corresponding memory, and a window map change unit configured to change a window map for a processing unit in which a request to use the memory has occurred in response to a request to use the memory from any one of the processing units.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadcasting-communication data, the apparatus including an original signal generator configured to receive the original data and generate baseband original signals, a first modulator configured to receive the baseband additional signals and generate original signals of a predetermined band, an additional signal generator configured to receive the additional data and generate baseband additional signals, a second modulator configured to receive the baseband additional signals and generate additional signals of a predetermined band, an average power controller configured to control an average power of the additional signals of the predetermined band, an inserter configured to insert the additional signals of the predetermined band with a controlled average power to the original signals of the predetermined band to thereby generate mixed signals of a predetermined band, and a transmitter configured to transmit the mixed signals of the predetermined band.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for allocating a resource in a wireless network using a directional antenna is provided. The method and apparatus for allocating a resource in a wireless network using a directional antenna may spatially reuse resources using the directional antenna, allocate resources to enable a maximum number of groups to be transmitted in a given time or to enable a group including a number of links to be transmitted first, and thereby may reduce communication delay and increase throughput.

Abstract: Provided are a shared mesh protection switching apparatus and method. The shared mesh protection switching apparatus includes a plurality of linear protection switching processors allocated to the linear protection domains respectively and configured to provide a switching report signal in response to fault occurrence in the corresponding linear protection domains or a linear protection switching operation, and perform a function of limiting use of the shared section in response to a provided lock signal, and a mesh protection switching processor configured to select at least one linear protection domain to be limited in use of the network resources of the shared section according to a predetermined reference when the switching report signal is provided and provide the lock signal to a linear protection switching processor corresponding to the at least one selected linear protection domain.

Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving a specific reference signal in single point transmission and multi-point transmission is disclosed. The specific reference signal transmission method includes determining specific reference signal transmission resources for at least one terminal targeted for transmission, and transmitting the specific reference signal using the determined transmission resources and notifying of information for a layer used by the terminal. The specific reference signal transmission method includes determining specific reference signal reception resources, receiving the information for the layer used by the terminal from a serving cell base station, and receiving the specific reference signal using the information for determined transmission resources and the layer. Therefore, the terminal can recognize a position and a sequence of the specific reference signal.

Abstract: The visible light communication apparatus includes: a brightness signal generator that calculates a duty cycle of an driving signal corresponding to brightness requirement information and generates clock frequency information on brightness signals based on the calculated duty cycle; a transmission data generator that generates transmission data; an illumination driver that generates and outputs an driving signal in a pulse waveform based on the clock frequency information of the brightness signals and the transmission data and controls a pulse position of a turn on section for each bit unit time in the waveform of the driving signal based on the transmission data; and an illumination that is operated according to the driving signal from the illumination driver.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same. The method includes: forming a trench in a semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type; forming a trench dopant containing layer including a dopant of a second conductive type on a sidewall and a bottom surface of the trench; forming a doping region by diffusing the dopant in the trench dopant containing layer into the semiconductor substrate; and removing the trench dopant containing layer.

Abstract: A fault-based software testing method and system are provided. The fault-based software testing method includes: generating a plurality of error programs by injecting faults into a testing target program; grouping the generated error programs into a plurality of groups with respect to respective test data, and selecting representative error programs with respect to the respective groups; and when an error is detected in the execution result of the representative error programs with respect to the corresponding test data, determining that errors are detected in all the error programs of the corresponding group.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting an acoustic signal using a human body are disclosed. The acoustic signal transmitting apparatus includes: a pre-processor configured to perform processing for compensating for transfer distortion of an acoustic signal; a controller configured to control beamforming of the acoustic signal whose transfer distortion has been compensated for; and a plurality of acoustic devices configured to transfer the acoustic signal to a human body which the plurality of acoustic devices have contacted, through beamforming according to a control of the controller. Accordingly, it is possible to to transmit acoustic signals using a human body as a medium with minimum signal loss and distortion.

Abstract: Provided is an audio coding apparatus and method that can selectively apply a operation mode of a coding module for stereo or multi-channel representation according to input signal characteristics of each channel, when voice or music signals are transmitted using an audio codec in portable terminals capable of stereo or multi-channel input and output. The audio coding apparatus includes a down-mixer for down-mixing multi-channel audio signals into mono signals; a coder for coding the mono signals; an input channel correlation analyzer for deciding whether to give them stereo effect based on their signal distribution characteristics, and outputting a control signal indicating whether to perform stereo representation process; and a stereo representation unit for performing stereo representation process onto the multi-channel audio signals when the control signal indicating to perform stereo representation process.

Abstract: Provided is a memory switching control apparatus using an open serial interfacing scheme capable of enhancing flexibility, reliability, availability, performance in a data communication processes between a memory and a processing unit and an operating method thereof. The memory switching control apparatus includes: one or more processor interfacing units which perform interfacing with one or more processing units; one or more memory interfacing units which have open-serial-interfacing-scheme memory interfacing ports to interface with data storage devices connected to the memory interfacing ports in a serial interfacing scheme; and a plurality of arbitrating units which are provided corresponding to the memory interfacing units to independently arbitrate usage rights of the processor interfacing units to the memory interfacing units.

Abstract: A photodetector includes: a substrate; a first dielectric material positioned on the substrate; an optical waveguide positioned on the first dielectric material; a second dielectric material positioned on the optical waveguide; a graphene layer positioned on the second dielectric material; and a first electrode and a second electrode that are positioned on the graphene layer.

Abstract: A data transmitting apparatus performs symbol mapping on each of first and second input data to generate a plurality of first and second modulation data symbols, performs inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the plurality of first and second modulation data symbols to convert the same into first and second real signals of a time domain from a frequency domain, angle-modulates the first and second real signals, and transmits the same to a data receiving apparatus. Thus, a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be lowered, while the same data transfer amount as that of the general OFDM data transmitting apparatus is maintained.

Abstract: A fabric-type multilayer PCB and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The method electrically connects first and second circuit patterns by compressing the first and second unit circuits with a conductor therebetween to introduce the conductor into an insulating layer, and thus can save on manufacturing cost and achieve more precise junction. Also, the fabric-type multilayer PCB includes a conductor that is formed on a fabric material, and directly joined to the first and second circuit patterns to electrically connect the first and second circuit patterns, and thus enables efficient electrical connection. Moreover, even when a shape is deformed by the torsion of flexible fabrics, an electrical connection can be maintained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wireless communication system using multiple transmission and reception points. In a wireless communication system having a first transmission and reception point and at least one second transmission and reception point belonging to the same cell, the first transmission and reception point has a wider transmission area than the at least one second transmission and reception point, and the first transmission and reception point and the at least one second transmission and reception point generate downlink transmission signals by using the same physical layer cell ID or virtual cell IDs allocated to each terminal, and then the terminals generate uplink transmission signals by using the allocated virtual cell IDs.

Abstract: A method of providing an application and an apparatus for performing the same are provided. The method of providing an application includes receiving a begging request message for requesting a specific begging target to purchase a specific application or a specific in-app function from a terminal of a begging requester, transmitting a begging request notification message to a terminal of the specific begging target when the specific begging target approves the begging request, and when the specific begging target purchases the specific application or the specific in-app function, approving download of the purchased specific application or registering a use right of the purchased specific in-app function.