Abstract: Combustion of the carbonaceous fuels such as fuel oil may be carried out advantageously in the presence of an oxidation catalyst body. Under suitable operating conditions the combustion can be effected at high rates of energy release for a catalyst and combustor of a given size, producing an effluent substantially free of pollutants. However, for a given combustor installation it may be desirable at times to utilize a thermal burner, associated with the catalyst arrangement, which is disposed for directing jets of burning gaseous fuel such as natural gas from a multiplicity of points just down-stream of the catalyst. Thus combustion of the gaseous fuel in such jets is obtained substantially throughout a cross section of the downstream zone through which catalyst effluent passes.

Abstract: A sheet coated with a reduced charge montmorillonite pigment for use in record material, especially pressure-sensitive carbonless copying systems. The pigment is produced by replacing exchangeable cations of a substantially dioctahedral montmorillonite (exemplified by certain bentonite clays) with lithium ions, mildly heating the lithium-exchanged montmorillonite to collapse irreversibly the montmorillonite structure, and grinding the heat-treated material to pigment-size particles. The sheets produce stabilized intense images when printed with a solution of crystal violet lactone (CVL) dye precursor and thus may be used with CVL without employing secondary slow acting dyes such as benzoyl leuco methylene blue. The sheets are also useful with other colorless or substantially colorless dye precursors.

Abstract: A sheet coated with a reduced charge montmorillonite pigment for use in record material, especially pressure-sensitive carbonless copying systems. The pigment is produced by replacing exchangeable cations of a dioctahedral montmorillonite (exemplified by certain bentonite clays) with lithium ions, mildly heating the lithium-exchanged montmorillonite to collapse irreversibly the montmorillonite structure, and grinding the heat-treated material to pigment-size particles. The sheets produce stabilized intense images when printed with a solution of crystal violet lactone (CVL) dye precursor and thus may be used with CVL without employing secondary slow acting dyes such as benzoyl leuco methylene blue. The sheets are also useful with other colorless or substantially colorless dye precursors.

Abstract: Kaolin clay is dehydrated at a temperature in excess of about 600.degree. C. and below 980.degree. C. and the dehydrated clay is chlorinated in a gas-solid reaction at elevated temperature to remove colored iron impurities as volatile chlorides. The dehydrated clay is then cooled and reacted with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, optionally containing additional sources of alumina and silica, to produce high purity hydrated sodium aluminosilicates such as sodium zeolite A in the form of white crystals.

Abstract: A reduced charge montmorillonite pigment useful as a color-former in record material, especially pressure-sensitive carbonless copying record systems. The pigment is produced by replacing exchangeable cations of a selected dioctahedral montmorillonite crude clay (exemplified by certain bentonite clays) with a predetermined amount of lithium ions, mildly heating the lithium-exchanged montmorillonite to collapse irreversibly the montmorillonite structure, and grinding the heat-treated material to pigment-size particles, the grinding preferably being carried out in a fluid energy mill. When the pigment particles are coated on paper, the coated sheets produce stabilized intense images when printed with a solution of crystal violet lactone (CVL) dye precursor and thus may be used in record material with CVL without employing secondary slow acting dyes such as benzoyl leuco methylene blue. The sheets are also useful with other colorless or substantially colorless dye precursors.

Abstract: A body member has an internally screw-threaded socket or recess to receive the neck of a container, and a port adapted in one position to communicate with a transverse passage or measuring chamber in a slidable measuring and dispensing member which is movable into another position wherein the measuring chamber communicates with a discharge passage in the body. A spring biased valve member is slidable within an axial bore in the measuring and dispensing member and is under control of a slidable cam abutting the valve member, the cam being assembled in a slot in the measuring and dispensing member and held there by a stop member rotatably mounted on the end of the measuring and dispensing member.

Abstract: Catalysts having good high temperature stability which are particularly useful for selected high temperature reactions are disclosed as are methods for their preparation and use. The catalytically-active materials include platinum group metal deposited on a catalytic slip or composite which contains a mixture of alumina, a rare earth metal oxide, and a metallic oxide wherein the metal is IVB, selected VIB metals, and mixtures thereof. The slips or carrier compositions are calcined at a temperature of at least 850.degree. C. before deposition of platinum group metal and characterized by having a surface area of at least 20 m.sup.2 /g after calcination at a temperature of 1200.degree. C. for two hours.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for starting a combustion system utilizing a catalyst, and at the same time provide low emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The method is particularly applicable to starting such combustion systems which are subject to intermittent operation, such as for example, gas turbines used to power automotive vehicles in which carbonaceous fuels are combusted to provide the motive fluid, or furnaces which are used intermittently. In the method, heat, such as produced by electrical means or by thermal combustion of a carbonaceous fuel, is employed to bring the catalyst to an operating temperature which will permit rapid oxidation of the carbonaceous fuel. When the catalyst has been heated to reach such operating temperatures, the start-up heating may be terminated and the normal operation of the combustion zone including the catalyst may proceed.

Abstract: Preparation of compositions of silver and CeO.sub.2 by powder metallurgy techniques overcomes problems inherent in melting silver and pure cerium and subsequently internally oxidizing the cerium in the mixture. Small concentrations of CeO.sub.2 substantially improve the electrical contact properties of silver. Silver with dispersed CeO.sub.2 is superior to silver alone for use as an electrical contact because of much greater resistance to arc erosion and welding and only slightly higher contact resistance.

Abstract: Small concentrations of certain dispersed oxides such as CeO.sub.2 substantially improve the electrical contact properties of gold. Gold with dispersed CeO.sub.2 is superior to gold for use as an electrical contact because of much greater resistance to arc erosion and welding and only slightly higher contact resistance.

Abstract: A thermocouple structure useful for high temperature applications comprises a pair of thermocouple wires joined at one end to form a thermocouple, the wires being enclosed within a metallic sheath which is closed at one end and open at the other end, the closed end of said sheath enclosing the thermocouple. The thermocouple and wires within the sheath are surrounded and insulated by crushed, compacted mineral oxide material, such as magnesium oxide. The other end of the sheath from which the thermocouple wires extend is filled with ceramic cement to seal the crushed mineral oxide and thermocouple wires therein. The closed end portion of the sheath enclosing the thermocouple has a reduced diameter relative to the other open end portion of the sheath.

Abstract: This machine is designed for dressing fixed-super-abrasive tools employed in the grinding and polishing of optical and ophthalmic lenses having a toric surface configuration. It comprises a base with an upstanding frame having an arm pivotally supported thereon for at least limited vertical arc-like oscillatory movement about the horizontal axis. A workpiece holder assembly suitable for holding the fixed-super-abrasive tool is releasably securable to the arm and movable along the arm to any predetermined position relative to the horizontal axis whereby the workpiece in the workpiece holder assembly is vertically oscillated at a preselected radius. The base also includes a grinder support bed both horizontally movable with respect thereto and controllably rotatable about a vertical axis through at least a limited horizontal arc.

Abstract: This improved wire saw for sawing various materials, including, for example, granite, marble, limestone and the like comprises in combination an elongated abrasive carrier of novel design and bonded abrasives secured thereto. The carrier comprises a plurality of discrete high tensile strength strands, e.g., high-alloy steel strands, longitudinally interlocked in contacting relationship. The strands have complementally nesting cross-sectional configurations which form, in juxtaposed combination, a generally circular transverse cross section having a cross-sectional void space of less than about 20 percent, preferably less than 15 percent. Bonded abrasive particles, preferably super-abrasive particles such as natural or synthetic diamonds or cubic boron nitride particles or mixtures thereof, are fixedly secured to the outer periphery of the elongated multi-membered abrasive carrier, preferably in the form of discrete segments longitudinally disposed therealong.

Abstract: Described are novel inexpensive opacifying pigments having a color ranging from tan to light dun and useful, for example, in the manufacture of paints and plastics. The pigments are composed of a mixture of a major weight proportion of particles of iron-bearing titania concentrated from a sedimentary kaolin clay ore and a minor proportion of particles of thermally dehydrated kaolin clay. Also described are methods for manufacturing such pigments from the waste product of clay beneficiation, preferably "Ultraflotation" beneficiation.

Abstract: An internal combustion piston engine utilizing a catalyst to promote combustion and not requiring spark ignition. A catalyst member is provided within the engine cylinder. Air is supplied to the cylinder and is compressed by a piston. At or near the point of maximum compression, fuel is contacted with the catalyst, preferably from the side of the catalyst opposite the piston. The fuel and air mix to initiate combustion and the air-fuel mixture passes through the catalyst member, completing the combustion. The operation can result in relatively complete combustion of the fuel at a relatively low temperature of about 1800.degree. to 3300.degree. or 3500.degree. F. so that little or no undesirable components are present in the engine exhaust, especially the exhaust may have a low content of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: This improved fixed-super-abrasive tool for grinding and polishing toric and other curvilinear lenses is produced by a novel method of manufacture and comprises a substantially-rigid, super-abrasive-free backing member and a malleable preformed super-abrasive wafer conformed and releasably secured thereto. The substantially-rigid, super-abrasive-free backing member has a curved support surface determinative of the curvature of the curvilinear working surface. The substantially-malleable preformed abrasive wafer has a predetermined thickness and one surface which, in the method of the present invention, is conformed to the curved support surface, either before or at the time of securing. The wafer comprises super-abrasive particles having a Knoop Hardness in excess of about 3000 kg/mm.sup.2 in a malleability-imparting powdered metal matrix, which facilitates the conformation step.

Abstract: Catalysts having good high temperature stability which are particularly useful for selected high temperature reactions are disclosed as are methods for their preparation and use. The catalytically-active materials include platinum group metal deposited on a catalytic slip or composite which contains a mixture of alumina and a mixture of IVB and selected VIB metal oxides. The slips or carrier compositions are calcined at a temperature of at least 850.degree. C. before deposition of platinum group metal and characterized by having a surface area of at least 20 m.sup.2 /g after calcination at a temperature of 1200.degree. C. for two hours.

Abstract: A grinding wheel functions both as an abrasive wheel and as a blower for removing dust and cooling the workpiece and wheel. The wheel has passageways through which air and dust are drawn from one axially facing side of the wheel to the other as the wheel rotates. A shroud partly encloses the wheel, and means is provided for catching dust from the workpiece and holding the dust in position to be drawn through the wheel by air passing therethrough. An exhaust duct is provided for carrying the dust and air passing through the wheel away from the wheel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for automatically dressing a regulating wheel to the required curvature for a centerless grinding operation. A dressing wheel is mounted for rotation about an axis which is inclined to a reference axis. The regulating wheel is mounted on a gimbal assembly which permits the axis of that wheel to be oriented as desired with respect to the axis of the dressing wheel, and the gimbal assembly is mounted on a carriage which is movable in directions parallel and normal to the reference axis. With the axis of the regulating wheel positioned as desired and the wheels in peripheral engagement, the wheels are rotated and moved relative to each other in a direction parallel to the reference axis to dress the regulating wheel. The angle between the axis of the dressing wheel and the reference axis is made to correspond to the angle at which the axis of the regulating wheel is inclined to feed workpieces past the grinding wheel in a centerless grinder.