Abstract: Fuel cell assemblies and methods for manufacturing same are disclosed, the fuel cell assemblies comprising a stacked configuration of fuel cell laminates, each including a catalytic fuel electrode, a catalytic oxygen electrode, and an electrolyte therebetween the electrolyte comprising an ion exchange membrane, bipolar plates separating each laminate so that the opposite surfaces of each bipolar plate contacts the fuel and oxygen electrodes, respectively, fuel gas flow channel in the bipolar plate for supplying fuel to the fuel electrodes, and oxygen gas flow channels in the bipolar plates for supplying oxygen-containing gas to the oxygen electrodes, the fuel and oxygen gas flow channels being substantially perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: Catalysts are disclosed which have good activity and life when used to promote the conversion of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides contained in small concentrations in gaseous streams, to obtain the less noxious materials, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen. The catalysts contain a catalytically promoting, platinum group metal component, a catalytically promoting, base metal component and an alumina support component, deposited on a high surface area, particulate, macrosize carrier. The base metal component contains a metal selected from the group consisting of metals having an atomic number from 25 to 28 and rhenium.

Abstract: A novel particulate material for promoting combustion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the regeneration zone of a cyclic fluid cracking process without substantially affecting the ability of separate fluid cracking catalyst particles containing an active crystalline zeolitic aluminosilicate component to catalyze the hydrocarbon conversion reaction in the conversion zone. The novel promoter particles comprise coherent, catalytically inert microspheres of calcined kaolin clay having a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of about 2/1, a surface area (B.E.T.) in the range of about 10 to 15 m.sup.2 /g., a pore volume (as determined by nitrogen absorption) in the range of about 0.02 to 0.04 cc./gm., the calcined microspheres being impregnated with a trace amount of a platinum compound and being free from a component capable of cracking hydrocarbons in the absence of added hydrogen.

Abstract: Catalysts are disclosed which have good activity and life when used to promote the conversion of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides contained in small concentrations in gaseous streams, to obtain the less noxious materials, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen. The catalysts contain a catalytically-promoting, platinum group metal component, a catalytically-promoting, base metal component added as a solid material, and an alumina support component, deposited on a macrosize carrier. The base metal component contains a metal selected from the group consisting of metals having an atomic number from 25 to 28 and rhenium. The base metal and alumina components are preferably composited before deposition on the macrosize carrier, and the composite may also contain the platinum group metal component before such deposition. The catalytically-promoting metal components and alumina support can be comminuted as a slurry, and the liquid medium of the slurry is preferably acidic.

Abstract: An improved process is described for the hydrometallurgical liquid phase oxidation of molybdenum disulfide ore concentrates, in which the reactants include in the range of from about 0.12 to about 1.68 mols of an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, per mol of molybdenite, and the time of the reaction, the amount of the alkali metal hydroxide, and the reaction temperature and pressure are coordinated to achieve at least a 95% oxidation conversion of the molybdenum disulfide.

Abstract: Aluminum metal is activated with hydrochloric acid and then reacted with an aqueous solution of sulfur dioxide to produce an aluminum hydrosulfite (dithionite) liquor useful for bleaching materials such as clay. The aluminum hydrosulfite can be converted to a sodium hydrosulfite liquor by precipitating aluminum with a sodium base.

Abstract: Zeolite catalyzed reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases is conducted with catalytic elements in the form of multi-channel structures in which parallel channels are defined by thin walls constituted by refractory oxides having zeolite dispersed therein and accessable to diffusion from surfaces of the channel walls. Such structures, preferably monolithic honeycomb forms, are prepared by calcining extruded or cast forms or kaolin at elevated temperatures and treating the calcined kaolin honeycomb with a caustic solution to develop a desired zeolite within the wall members and etch the wall surfaces to provide diffusion paths to and from the embedded zeolite.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol fibers having needle-like crystals of colloidal clay, especially attapulgite or sepiolite clay, disseminated therein in amount within the range of from 30% to 75% of the dry weight of the fibers. The composite fibers are capable of being partially or totally substituted for cellulose fibers in the making of paper products by conventional paper-forming means.

Abstract: This invention provides polyfunctional catalysts comprising a composite of platinum and one or more of rhodium, ruthenium and iridium, a substantially larger quantity of one or more base metal oxides in which the metal is selected from the group consisting of metals having an atomic number from 25 to 28 and rhenium, and an alumina support, which composite is made and then deposited on a suitable carrier. In a preferred embodiment, the catalysts contain 1-20 weight percent of said base metal oxide, typically nickel oxide; 0.05-0.5 weight percent platinum; and 0.002-0.3 weight percent rhodium, and an alumina support deposited on a monolith or other carrier. The improved catalysts are especially applicable for purifying exhaust gases from combustion processes, and in particular those from internal combustion engines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for recovering vanadium from ferruginous chloride solutions by liquid-liquid extraction (or liquid ion exchange). Such chloride solutions are obtained in the extraction of vanadium from vanadiferous residues arising from the chlorination of titaniferous ores and in the extraction of vanadium from vanadiferous minerals. These solutions contain chlorides of vanadium, aluminum, iron, manganese and chromium. The method comprises adding sulfate ions to the chloride solution and recovering the vanadium by liquid-liquid extraction. By adjusting the sulfate-additive in relation to the concentrations of vanadium, iron and chloride in the solution vanadium can be exhausted substantially free from iron.

Abstract: A folded, highly pure platinum, thick film, path on a ceramic cylindrical substrate provides a high TCR of about 3850 ppm/.degree. C. The path is applied by screen printing a thick film paste onto a substrate and then firing the paste at a time and temperature sufficient to bond the path to the substrate and to produce a TCR of at least about 3850 ppm/.degree. C. The paste is comprised of about 20% by weight of an organic carrier into which 80% by weight of particles have been mixed. The particles are 96% by weight platinum particles of less than about ten microns size and 4% by weight of a contaminant-free vitreous glass frit of less than ten microns size.

Abstract: A catalytic, gas treating apparatus in which a unitary ceramic catalytic element having gas flow passages therethrough, is positioned within a metallic casing in a manner providing a space between the casing and the catalytic element. A resilient member which is compressible both radially and longitudinally is positioned around the catalytic element in said space to resiliently hold the catalytic element. A plug member is positioned at least partially in said space, and, for instance, around the catalytic element at opposite end portions of the catalytic element, in a manner which longitudinally compresses said resilient member to a substantial extent to increase the holding force exerted on the catalytic element by the resilient member and thereby inhibit axial movement of the catalytic element during use.

Abstract: A small two-part capsule for receiving and for storing separately individual ingredients and for mixing them together has two cavities in one part which receive the ingredients separately. The cavities are sealed by the other part via a screw thread connection. When the capsule is inverted and the connection is loosened, the ingredients from one cavity flows into the other. Novel sealing means is provided between the two parts.

Abstract: A device for dispensing ingredients, such as the ingredients for a dental amalgam, has a handle portion and a head portion formed of mating parts with the handle angulated to the head and formed for convenient gripping by the user's hand. A slide mounted in the head slides laterally when pushed by the user's thumb to transport measured ingredients to a common aperture for delivery into a container. The container, when put in place, releases a latch that holds the slide normally in measuring position and prevents transport of the ingredients unless the container is in position to catch them.Adjustment of a measuring chamber for liquid mercury, to accurately proportion it, is by a valve having an end projecting, more or less, into a chamber, so as to vary the volume of the chamber. The position of the valve is controlled by a rectilinearly movable cam whose position may be fixed by a lock nut which normally is inaccessible in a recess in the head portion.

Abstract: Catalysts are made which have a catalytically-active composite containing a catalytically-promoting metal component and a high surface area, refractory oxide support, deposited on a macrosize carrier. The catalytically-active composite is made by combining a solution of a water-soluble, catalytically-promoting metal component with a finely divided, high area, refractory oxide which is sufficiently dry to absorb essentially all of said solution. The catalytically-promoting metal component of the resulting composite is converted to water-insoluble form while the composite is essentially devoid of unabsorbed solution. The composite is comminuted in the presence of an aqueous medium which is preferably acidic. The resulting slurry is used to deposit the catalytically-promoting metal-containing solids on the macrosize carrier, and the resulting material is dried and may be calcined.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of an improved catalyst and process for producing a near equilibrium mixture of xylenes from a feedstream comprising ethylbenzene and mixed xylenes. The catalyst combines a platinum-containing hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component on an alumina support with a form of hydrogen mordenite having less than about 0.3 equivalents of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations per gram-atom of aluminum and a silica to alumina mol ratio greater than about 9-11 to 1 and less than about 17 to 1.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of vanadium from acid sulfate solutions such as those derived by sulfuric acid leaching of industrial residues such as spent hydrodesulfurization catalysts, fly ash and furnace bottom ash in which magnesium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate is used as the neutralizing agent.

Abstract: A paste for forming a thick film conductor of a base metal on a non-conductive substrate comprises a base metal powder (particularly nickel) which ordinarily would oxidize when fired in air, boron powder and a vehicle. In one embodiment, the paste may also contain glass frit. By proper selection of the composition, in particular the amounts of boron and glass frit, a base metal conductor can be formed which strongly adheres to the substrate and has excellent conductive properties. Ranges of compositions are disclosed within which the pastes can be fired in air and produce conductive thick films and outside which conductive properties are inferior and/or the bond strength is unsatisfactory.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor useful for carrying out a catalytic reaction comprises a horizontally disposed reaction zone. Foraminous retaining means are disposed within said reactor or reaction zone transversely thereof and occupying the complete cross-section of said reaction zone available for the flow of gaseous or vaporized reactants therethrough. The foraminous retaining means define a transverse volume along a portion of the length of the reactor and are adapted to be filled with particle-form catalytic material. A chamber is disposed at the upper portion of and in open communication with said transverse volume. The chamber is adapted to be filled with particle-form catalytic material so as to maintain the transverse volume filled with particle-form catalytic material. The catalytic reactor is generally useful for carrying out catalytic reactions involving gaseous or vaporized reactants and a mass of particle-form catalytic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process for manufacturing stable, fluid highly concentrated dispersed aqueous suspensions of calcined clay. The process utilizes the micromixer described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,806,052 to Edward H. Cumpston, Jr. Dry calcined clay is fed to the inlet hopper of the micromixer and mixed with water and one or more conventional clay dispersants before the clay enters the centrifugal zone of the micromixer. A smooth but extremely dilatant paste is discharged from the mill after this first pass. The paste is then recirculated through the micromixer a plurality of times at a higher throughput rate than that used in the first pass.