Abstract: A method for estimating an anomalous pore pressure value at depth level of a first discontinuous interface between a first geological formation and a second geological formation to be drilled by means of a drilling apparatus comprising at least one bit, where said method is implemented by means of a system comprising at least one electro-acoustic transducer (20) mounted with said bit, at least one memory for containing observable data and at least one control processor for processing observable data contained in said at least one memory, where said at least one processor controls transmitting a signal transmitted at a given frequency, said at least one electro-acoustic transducer receives a received signal that said at least one processor records in said at least one memory, comparing it with pre-loaded observable data in said at least one memory and estimating the value of the anomalous pore pressure of the first discontinuous interface.

Abstract: There is a benzodithiophene conjugated polymer of general formula (1): There are also photovoltaic devices having the polymer. There are also organic devices having the polymer.

Abstract: There is a method for extracting bio-oil from algal biomass, in particular oily microalgae, using solvents of a Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) capable of producing a bio-oil with a low content of phospholipids and inorganic salts, mainly sodium chloride.

Abstract: There are mixtures containing calixarenes of formula (I) with a reduced alkyl phenol and linear oligomer content and a preparation process thereof: wherein: a. R is selected between a linear or branched alkyl having a number of carbon atoms comprised between 4 and 40, more preferably between 4 and 24, even more preferably comprised between 8 and 18; b. n is the number of units of the calixarene cycle and is comprised in the range from 4 to 16, preferably between 4 and 12. Furthermore, there are detergent compositions containing overbased metal salts of calixarenes, a preparation process thereof, and a use thereof in lubricant compositions.

Abstract: A new class of multifunctional tracers has been synthesised for use in the oil industry, specifically during waterflooding operations. They are used either in a traditional way (i.e., mapping the connections of oilfield selections) or to provide information on important physical-chemical parameters (such as oil content, temperature and rock permeability) useful for optimizing the oilfield management and subsequent improvement/increase in oil extraction. The multifunctional tracers have a polymer chain having a plurality of units different from one another and recurring along the chain and having respective specific functionalities.

Abstract: A system having a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) reactor operable to produce a CPO reactor effluent characterized by a hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H2/CO) molar ratio and an M ratio (H2—CO2)/(CO+CO2); a steam methane reforming (SMR) reactor operable to produce an SMR reactor effluent characterized by a H2/CO molar ratio greater than that of the CPO reactor effluent, and an M ratio greater than that of the CPO reactor effluent. The system includes a flow line(s) configured to combine at least a portion of the CPO reactor effluent with at least a portion of the SMR reactor effluent to provide a combined syngas stream upstream or downstream of a heat exchanger operable to transfer heat from at least a portion of the CPO reactor effluent, at least a portion of the SMR reactor effluent, or the combined syngas stream to the first portion and/or the second portion of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Polymer comprising an indacen-4-one derivative, said polymer having general formula (IX), (X) or (XI): in which: W and W1, Z and Y, R1 and R2, are as described; D represents an electron-donor group; A represents an electron-acceptor group; n is an integer ranging from 10 to 500.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for exchanging heat contained at a fluid. A gas which is heated indirectly and emits infrared radiation is used as the fluid, said fluid being guided to the heat exchanger via an inlet and through art absorber chamber in the heat exchanger, and at least one surface, which absorbs the infrared radiation of the gas in order to use the heat of the gas, is provided in the absorber chamber. The mass flow and the temperature of she gas are additionally adjusted and the at least one surface which is absorbent for the heat exchange is designed such that the ratio ? of the heat flowing through the surface as a result of absorption to the total heat flowing through the surface is ?0.6 during operation. Thus, a simpler and less expensive heat exchanger can be implemented.

Abstract: Tubular structures for use in a subsea environment and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. These composite tubular structures can be used in the oil and gas industry, for example, as production risers.

Abstract: Luminescent solar concentrator (L8C) of neutral coloration comprising: —at least one first sheet comprising a matrix of a transparent material and at least one first photoluminescent organic compound having an absorption interval within the range 400 nm to 550 nm, preferably within the range 420 nm to 500 mrs, and an emission interval within the range 500 nm to 650 nm, preferably within the range 520 mn to 620 nm; —at least one second sheet comprising a matrix of a transparent material and at least one second photoluminescent organic compound having an absorption interval within the range 420 nm to 650 nm, preferably within the range 480 nm to 600 nm, and an emission interval within the range 580 mn and 750 nm, preferably within the range 600 nm and 700 nm; —at least one third sheet comprising a matrix of a transparent material and at least one third, optionally photoluminescent, organic compound having an absorption interval within the range 550 nm to 750 nm, preferably within the range 570 nrn to 700 nm, an

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound having general formula (XII): wherein: Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom; or a group NR6 wherein R6 is selected from linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl groups, or from optionally substituted aryl groups; R2 and R3, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, provided that R1 does not represent a hydrogen atom; or R1, R2 and R3 are selected from linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl groups optionally containing heteroatoms, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted, linear or branched C1-C20 alkoxy groups, optionally substituted phenoxy groups, or a cyano group; or R1 and R2, may optionally be bound together so as to form, together with carbon atoms to which R1 and R2 are bound, a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic, cyclic or a polycyclic system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected

Abstract: There is an absorbent mixture usable for the removal of sour gases from gas mixtures. The mixture has at least one organic base having a pKb (in water) less than or equal to 3.2; at least one alcoholic solvent of general formula R(OH)n having a boiling temperature above or equal to 100° C. at ambient pressure, wherein R is a linear or branched saturated alkyl group having a number of carbon atoms between 2 and 20 and n is a whole number varying between 1 and 20; an aprotic polar solvent having a dielectric constant ? at 25° C. greater than or equal to 30, a viscosity ? at 25° C. less than or equal to 14 cP, preferably less than or equal to 12 cP; and a boiling temperature at normal pressure equal to or above 130° C. There is also a process for the removal of sour gases using the absorbent mixture.

Abstract: Disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound of general formula (I): in which: Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom; or an NR5 group in which R5 is selected from linear or branched C1-C20, or from optionally substituted aryl groups; R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the claims. The disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound of general formula (I) can advantageously be used as a spectrum converter in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) which are in turn capable of improving the performance of photovoltaic devices (or solar devices) selected, for example, from photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), photovoltaic modules (or solar modules) on either a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.

Abstract: A method for the assessment of the dispersing capacity of new and used lubricating compositions, in particular for internal combustion engines, and of additives for lubricating compositions, comprises the steps of: providing a homogeneous dispersion of at least one carbonaceous particulate in a composition to be tested, consisting of a lubricating composition or a fraction or component thereof; acquiring at least one micrographic image of a sample of said homogeneous dispersion, deposited on an observation support; calculating the lacunarity of the acquired image as a parameter representative of the degree of dispersion of the particulate in the composition.

Abstract: A photovoltaic converter for electric power generating panels includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules (5), each comprising a substrate (14), extending along a main direction (D) from a first end to a second end, and a plurality of photovoltaic devices (15), arranged on the substrate (14) in succession along the main direction (D). The photovoltaic converter further includes at least a bridge module (10, 11) insertion-connecting a respective upstream photovoltaic module (5) and a respective downstream photovoltaic module (5).

Abstract: A method for controlling the permeability of an oil well includes the steps of preparing a polymerizable bicomponent system having at least a fluid with at least an olefinically unsaturated first polymerizable compound; optionally, at least one radical polymerization initiator IA, the initiator IA being activated thermally or in the presence of an accelerating compound and a fluid with a radical polymerization activator, the activator being selected from: a radical polymerization initiator IB for polymerizing the polymerizable compound, the initiator IB having an activation temperature equal to or lower than the temperature of the thief zone, an accelerator of the initiator IA, The method further includes injecting one of the fluids into the well annulus until the thief zone is reached, and injecting the remainder into the tubular element, until it comes into contact with the fluid injected through the annulus to form a blocking polymer at the thief zone.

Abstract: An electro-acoustic transducer includes a tubular body extending a longitudinal direction and having two end portions, opposing each other longitudinally, and internally having a first chamber, sending with the first end portion and a second chamber, on one side adjacent to and in fluidic communication with the first chamber and on the other side ending with the second end portion. The first end portion is closed towards the outside by a membrane applied to the tubular body. The second end portion has openings that put it in fluidic communication to the outside of the tubular body. The first chamber containing electrical windings arranged in succession to each other in the longitudinal direction. The second chamber is filled with a liquid. A movable element is housed in the first chamber and has a permanent magnets packaged and arranged one above the other, with the magnetization alternating and separated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting water permeation in an extraction well of a hydrocarbon oil from an underground reservoir which comprises injecting into said reservoir at least one polymerizable composition comprising: at least one hydrophilic monomer, at least one hydrophilic initiator of radical polymerization with thermal activation (hydrophilic initiator), at least one lipophilic initiator of radical polymerization with thermal activation (lipophilic initiator). The present invention also relates to the polymerizable compositions that can be used in said method.

Abstract: A process for treatment of gas mixtures containing acid gas, for the removal of said acid gas from the gas mixtures. The process has (A) an absorption step performed on a gas mixture containing acid gas by means of a solvent system containing at least one liquid absorption solvent for removing from the gas mixture the acid gas contained therein and forming a lean gas mixture, from which at least part of the acid gas have been removed, and an enriched solvent containing the acid gas and (B) a regeneration step, in which the enriched solvent is subjected to a gas/liquid separation step by a flash process to be separated from the absorbed acid gas and to produce an acid gas flow and a regenerated solvent, which is recirculated to the absorption step. The solvent system contains at least one liquid absorption solvent selected from switchable ionic liquids.

Abstract: A generator of acoustic waves for submarine environments has a hollow body that extends along an axis delimited by a first closed end and by a second end that is provided with an acoustic diffuser member. The hollow body has a first cylindrical portion delimited by the first end that houses a first piston and a second cylindrical portion delimited by the second end that houses a second piston in a freely axially sliding manner. The second piston is mechanically free from the first piston and has a face that faces the acoustic diffuser member. An impulsive actuator is configured together with the first piston to move the first piston towards the second piston. An adjustor for a longitudinal motion of the second piston is arranged between the first piston and the second piston.