Abstract: A luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) comprising at least one tetra-substituted benzoheterodiazole compound having general formula (I): wherein: R1 and R2, equal to or different from each other, are selected from: C6-C40, preferably C6-C20 aryl groups, optionally substituted; C4-C40, preferably C5-C20, heteroaryl groups, optionally substituted; R3 and R4, equal to or different from each other, are selected from: halogen atoms such as, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, preferably fluorine; linear or branched C1-C30, preferably C1-C20, trihalogenated alkyl groups; C6-C40, preferably C6-C20, aryloxyl groups optionally substituted; linear or branched C1-C30, preferably C1-C20, alkoxyl groups optionally substituted; C4-C40, preferably C5-C20, heteroaryloxyl groups optionally substituted; Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom or a selenium atom; a NR5 group wherein R5 represents a hydrogen atom, or it is selected from linear or branched C1-C24, preferably C6-C24, alkyl groups, optionally conta

Abstract: A process for the purification of an aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction using distillation and/or stripping treatment, a treatment with at least one inorganic base and a treatment with at least one organic base. This process allows at least a part of the aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to be used as process water in the synthesis gas production plant, subsequently sent to the Fischer-Tropsch plant for the production of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A reactor for Fischer-Tropsch reaction effected in a three-phase system essentially consisting of a gaseous reagent phase, a liquid reacted phase and a solid catalytic phase, wherein the solid catalytic phase is composed of packed bodies encaged in at least one open-cell foam structure with a high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: Reactor for Fischer-Tropsch reaction which is carried out in a three-phase system essentially consisting of a reacting gaseous phase, a reacted liquid phase and a solid catalytic phase, wherein the solid catalytic phase consists of packed or structured bodies of catalytic material encaged within at least one honeycomb monolithic structure with a high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the flow-rate of different fluids present in a plurality of distinct multiphase streams (C), in transit, each through a respective main flow pipe (2). The apparatus (1) comprises a measuring unit (3) for each pipe (2). Each measuring unit (3) comprises a sampling device (4). Each measuring unit (3) comprises first and second measuring means (5) of the differential pressure type situated downstream of the respective sampling device (4). The apparatus (1) comprises a phase separator (8) associated with the measuring unit (3). The apparatus (1) comprises selection means (18) interposed between the measuring unit (3) and the separator (8) for putting the latter in communication with one of the sampling devices (4) envisaged.

Abstract: An integrated system for the cultivation of algae or plants and the production of electric energy, comprising:—at least one luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) in which at least one photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) is positioned on at least one of its outer sides;—at least one cultivation area.

Abstract: A method for predicting the properties of crude oils by the application of neural networks articulated in phases and characterized by determining the T2 NMR relaxation curve of an unknown crude oil and converting it to a logarithmic relaxation curve; selecting the values of the logarithmic relaxation curve lying on a characterization grid; entering the selected values as input data for a multilayer neural network of the back propagation type, trained and optimized by means of genetic algorithms; predicting, by means of the trained and optimized neural network, the physico-chemical factors of the unknown crude oil. The method comprises a training and optimization process of the multilayer neural network of the back propagation type. The method thus defined allows the most representative physico-chemical factors of crude oils to be predicted rapidly and without onerous laboratory structures, or alternatively the distillation curve of crude oils with an acceptable approximation degree.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a benzohetero[1,3]diazole compound disubstituted with heteroaryl groups which comprises reacting at least one benzohetero[1,3]diazole compound disubstituted with at least one heteroaryl compound. Said benzohetero[1,3]diazole compound disubstituted with heteroaryl groups can be advantageously used in the construction of luminescent solar concentrators (LSC). Furthermore, said benzohetero[1,3]diazole compound disubstituted with heteroaryl groups can be advantageously used in the construction of photovoltaic devices such as, for example, photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic modules, solar cells, solar modules, on both a rigid and flexible support. Said benzohetero[1,3]diazole compound disubstituted with heteroaryl groups can also be advantageously used as a precursor of monomeric units in the preparation of semiconductor polymers.

Abstract: Disubstituted naphthoheterodiazole compound having general formula (I): wherein: Z represents a heteroatom selected from oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), preferably sulfur (S); R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, equal to or different from each other, represent a hydrogen atom; or they are selected from n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl. Said disubstituted naphthoheterodiazole compound having general formula (I) can be advantageously used as spectrum converter in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), in its turn capable of improving the performances of photovoltaic devices (or solar devices) selected, for example, from photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), photovoltaic modules (or solar modules), on both rigid and flexible supports.

Abstract: A method for producing middle distillates from a feedstock produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and containing oxygenated compounds, including: a) a step of bringing the feedstock into contact with a hydrotreating catalyst allowing the methanation of the CO and CO2 contained in the feedstock or originating from the decomposition of the oxygenated compounds present in the feedstock, b) a step of hydroisomerization/hydrocracking of at least a part of the liquid and gaseous effluent originating from step a), in the presence of a hydroisomerization/hydrocracking catalyst, c) a step of gas/liquid separation of the effluent originating from step b) into a gaseous fraction comprising predominantly hydrogen and a hydroisomerized/hydrocracked liquid fraction, d) a step of fractionation of the liquid fraction separated in step c) to obtain at least one fraction of middle distillate, in which the hydrogen in step a) is obtained from the gaseous fraction separated in step c).

Abstract: A process for the conversion of lignin to liquid hydrocarbons comprising: (1) hydrogenolyzing a lignin in the presence of at least one hydrogenolysis catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 250° C. to 350° C., preferably ranging from 290° C. to 320° C., to obtain depolymerized lignin; and (2) hydrodeoxygenating said depolymerized lignin in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenating catalyst to obtain a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. The resultant liquid hydrocarbons can be used as such (biofuels) for the production of reformulated gasolines, or they can be used for the production of gasolines or oils by conventional refining processes.

Abstract: A detection system of geological formations, particularly but not exclusively used for oil exploration, and for characterization and monitoring of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The detection system includes an electromagnetic transmission device positioned on a surface of a geological formation close to a first well having a vertical development direction, the first well being covered by a metal casing, and an electromagnetic reception device positioned deep inside the first well, the electromagnetic reception device including an electromagnetic detector. The electromagnetic transmission device includes a primary electromagnetic field generator configured to generate a primary electromagnetic field focalized in a direction of the metal casing, the metal casing irradiating the primary electromagnetic field into the geological formation.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a benzohetero-[1,3]diazole compound disubstituted with brominated heteroaryl groups which comprises reacting at least one dihalogenated benzohetero[1,3]diazole compound with at least one brominated heteroaryl compound. Said benzohetero[1,3]diazole compound disubstituted with brominated heteroaryl groups can be advantageously used in the synthesis of compounds useful in the construction of solar concentrators (LSCs—“Luminescent Solar Concentrators”). Furthermore, said benzohetero[1,3]diazole compound disubstituted with brominated heteroaryl groups can be advantageously used in the synthesis of photoactive polymers useful in the construction of photovoltaic devices (or solar devices) such as, for example, photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), photovoltaic modules (or solar modules), on both rigid or flexible supports.

Abstract: Compound comprising a benzoetherodiazole group of formula (I) and at least one benzodithiophene group or a mixture of compounds comprising a benzoetherodiazole group and at least one benzodithiophene group of formulae (II) and (III). Both said compound and said mixture of compounds can be advantageously used as spectrum converters in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), capable, in their turn, of enhancing the performances of solar devices (i.e. devices for exploiting solar energy) such as, for example, photovoltaic cells, photoelectrolytic cells.

Abstract: New sulfided metal catalysts are described, containing a metal X selected from Ni, Co and mixtures thereof, a metal Y selected from Mo, W and mixtures thereof, an element Z selected from Si, Al and mixtures thereof, and possibly an organic residue, obtained by the sulfidation of mixed oxide precursors, also new, having general formula (A) Xa Yb Zc Od.

Abstract: The emergency valve assembly (5) for extraction wells according to the invention comprises A) an external housing (50) and B) a rotating stopper (54). The pass-through duct (52) is arranged for the passage of a production and/or drilling line arranged for containing and carrying, through at least one relative pipe (9), extraction fluids such as, for example, petroleum, oil, water, sludge, rock debris and/or earth, natural gas, or other fluids extracted from an underground reservoir. The valve (5) also comprises a stopper drive (56), arranged for actuating the rotating stopper (54) making it rotate so as to shear the production or perforation line passing through it, in particular shearing the pipe (9) and closing the pass-through duct (52). The pass-through duct (52, 520) has a minimum passage section having a diameter equal to or greater than seven inches. It provides an effective additional safety measure in the case of emergencies.

Abstract: Compound containing a pentalene unit having general formula (I) wherein R1 and R2, equal to or different from each other, are selected from: linear or branched C1-C20, preferably C2-C12, alkyl groups, saturated or unsaturated, optionally containing heteroatoms, cycloalkyl groups optionally substituted, linear or branched C1-C20, preferably C2-C12, alkoxyl groups, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted; or the groups R1 and R2 can be optionally bound to each other so as to form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound, a cycle or a polycyclic system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms such as, for example, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorous, selenium; R3 is selected from aryl groups optionally substituted, heteroaryl groups optionally substituted; n is 0 or 1; with the proviso that: when n is 0, X represents a covalent bond and Y represents a sulfur atom

Abstract: Process for the purification of an aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction which comprises feeding said aqueous stream to one or more pervaporation units obtaining an aqueous stream enriched in oxygenated organic compounds (retentate side) and an aqueous stream enriched in water (permeate side), feeding said aqueous stream enriched in oxygenated organic compounds to a saturator obtaining a gaseous stream leaving the saturator, feeding said gaseous stream to a synthesis gas production plant. Said process allows at least a part of the aqueous stream coming from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to be used as process water in a synthesis gas production plant, subsequently sent to a Fischer-Tropsch plant for the production of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Light concentration device comprising: —a primary luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) having a polygonal, circular or elliptic form, comprising at least one photoluminescent compound having a first absorption range and a first emission range; —at least a secondary luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) positioned outside said primary luminescent solar concentrator (LSC), said secondary luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) comprising at least one photoluminescent compound having a second absorption range superimposable to said first emission range and a second emission range. Said light concentration device can be advantageously used in photovoltaic devices (or solar devices) such as, for example, photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), photoelectrolytic cells. Said light concentration device can also be advantageously used in photovoltaic windows.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the synthesis of hydrocarbons from a feed comprising synthesis gas, in which a solid catalyst comprising cobalt is used in a three-phase reaction section operated such that said catalyst is maintained in suspension in a liquid phase by movement of a gas phase from the bottom to the top of said reaction section, said process comprising an external loop for separating waxes, characterized in that: 1) the theoretical ratio PH2O:PH2 in the external loop for separating waxes is determined using the following calculation: PH2O:PH2 theoretical=Cv/(R1?Rft×Cv) where Cv=(COinlet?COdegas)/COinlet R1=H2 inlet/COinlet Rft=(H2 inlet?H2 degas)/(COinlet?COdegas) 2) if the theoretical ratio PH2O:PH2 determined in step 1) has a value of Rthreshold or higher, the temperature in the degassing means for the external loop for separating waxes is reduced, 3) steps 1) to 2) are repeated until the theoretical ratio PH2O:PH2 has a value strictly less than Rthreshold, where Rthreshold