Abstract: The present invention is directed to a heated sag-compensation roller, with short heat-up and cool-down times and a more even temperature distribution, which reduces the risk of damage to the roller shell. These improvement are achieved by the roller shell being heated or cooled from the inside and the outside simultaneously. The heating devices can be controlled so that the temperature difference between the inside and outside does not exceed a particular value.

Abstract: In a roll with a roll shell or jacket which is rotatable about a support or beam, the inner side of the rotatable roll shell or jacket is heated by means of an induction coil which is operated at high frequency and provided, for example, at a support element. The heating is effected directly at the press or work nip or in the proximity thereof without substantial loss of energy and without the use of a thermo-sensitive hydraulic medium.

Abstract: At least two substantially parallel rows of adjustable pressure elements cooperate with a heatable counter element like a counter roll and are arranged immediately consecutive but separate from each other to define at least two pressing sections of an extended pressing zone through which a water-containing fibrous web is passed conjointly with a water absorbing porous band or felt in a predeterminate travel direction. Pressures and temperatures in each one of the at least two pressing sections of the extended pressing zone are adjusted such that water is displaced from the fibrous web under the combined action of pressure and steam which is formed in the extended pressing zone in a controlled manner and without damage to the fibrous web due to explosion-like flash evaporation.

Abstract: The ledge is arranged transverse to the machine direction in a substantially flexure resistant manner and is adjustable for guiding the wires between which a web of material is formed. The ledge contains a guide surface which faces the wires and has a special contour. For improved control of the pressure changes occurring in the region of the ledge, the ledge contains a supporting member and a pressing member which contains the guide surface. A pressing device is supported at the supporting member and the pressing member can be adjusted in a direction relative to the wires as well as relative to the supporting member by using the pressing device for simultaneously elevating the pressing member and inclining the pressing member with respect to the machine direction. Advantageously the pressing device constitutes a hose which is subjected to a pressurizing medium and thereby deformable.

Abstract: The apparatus for neutralizing overhanging loads is supported at the roll stand of a calender which opens in downward direction. This apparatus is arranged at both sides of a roll and, during operation, presses from below against the roll suspensions in a predetermined or required position of the roll. This is accomplished by a force which compensates for the overhanging loads. This force is generated or set by movable force transmitters, dimensionally deformable force transmitters or displaceable force transmitters. Upon opening the calender, a force greater than the set force acts upon the load neutralizing apparatus and the force transmitters are moved, dimensionally deformed or displaced, as the case may be, such that a displacement path of the roll into a lower lowered position is provided. The force transmitters for generating the force which compensates for the overhanging loads can be a spring assembly, an air spring or a column or head of liquid supported by a gas cushion.

Abstract: To remove disturbing wax particles and for increasing the specific volume the short fiber fraction is subjected to a thermal treatment, especially by application of water vapor or steam, in a heater, such as a worm heater throughout a defined residence time and a defined temperature. With relatively low energy expenditure the distrubing wax particles are eliminated in such a manner that no wax spots or speckles can be discerned in the finished product. The specific volume of the short fiber fraction is appreciably increased while obtaining a predetermined strength.

Abstract: A roll device has upper and lower controlled deflection rolls, having sleeves which are rotatable about respective non-rotatably mounted carriers are supported on the carriers by means of force generators in the pressure plane of the roll device, and are displaceable relative to the carriers along the pressure plane over their entire length. The carrier of the upper controlled deflection roll is arranged at a fixed position relative to the stand of the roll device. The carrier of the lower controlled deflection roll is adjustable in a variable manner into a working position relative to the stand of the roll device. Regulators are provided for the controlled deflection rolls, which serve for adjusting and holding the sleeves of the controlled deflection rolls at predetermined heights and for adjusting the carrier of the lower controlled deflection roll by means of a setting device into a working position.

Abstract: Support components or supports for supporting calender rolls for treating web-shaped materials comprise walls which surround a roll stand of the calender and are slidably arranged at guideways provided at the roll stand. Each support component supports an associated calender roll having a predetermined diameter, and a predetermined support length of each support component in a predetermined direction of the guideways is greater than the predetermined diameter of the associated calender roll. The walls of adjacent support components define a predetermined numbr of pairs of mutually facing edges. At least one pair of mutually facing edges between two adjacent support components contains projections and complementary shaped recesses. When such two adjacent support components are slidably displaced toward one another, the projections extend into the correspondingly structured complementary shaped recesses.

Abstract: A sand layer is fluidized by a gas stream or current in a fluidized bed dryer and indirectly heated by immersed stationary heat-exchanger tubes. The sludge to be dried is continuously fed under pressure in a pumpable conditon from above onto the fluidized sand layer. The sludge is coagulated in the fluidized sand layer to form sludge lumps. Here, the sludge lumps are successively dried from the surface down to the core thereof, and the already dried layers of the sludge lumps are successively abraded by the fluidized sand, whereby the sludge lumps are entirely comminuted and the dry matter thereof is pulverized to form dust. This product dust is continuously discharged together with the exhaust-gas stream from the fluidized bed dryer and continuously separated as a product from the exhaust-gas stream. The gas stream or current freed from dust is partially recycled in a closed circuit back to the fluidized bed dryer for fluidization of the sand layer.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a work surface heated by a heat carrier medium and located upon a heat-conducting layer carried by a metallic base body. The base body is provided with grooves at its surface confronting the heat-conducting layer and/or this heat-conducting layer is provided at its surface confronting the base body with grooves. The work surface is heated by infeeding the heat carrier medium into the grooves. To influence heat transfer to the heat-conducting layer carrying the work surface, particularly to a sheet metal plating or the like, for instance a cylinder jacket seated in direct metallic contact or only through the intermediate disposition of a transition layer of good thermal conductivity, upon the base body, there are provided control means regulating heat conduction from the base body to the heat-conducting layer and/or from the heat carrier medium guided in the grooves to the base body or the heat-conducting layer.

Abstract: The method of dispersing a material containing waste paper by means of a dispersion apparatus and a dewatering machine, renders possible performing the material dispersion operation at essentially constant specific dispersion work even when encountering fluctuations of the raw material to be dispersed and of the dispersing process itself. For this purpose there is provided a regulating system which, with the aid of measured values or magnitudes derived from the dispersing process and predeterminate processing relationships, controls the addition of diluting water to the material to be dispersed at a location upstream of the dispersion apparatus.

Abstract: For uniform and regular adjustment of a diaphragm blade within the elastic deformability thereof, the diaphragm blade provided at the slice opening of a headbox of a papermaking machine is movable by means of adjusting elements driveable by adjustment motors. The adjusting elements are arranged in an appropriate spaced relationship substantially parallel to the diaphragm blade and coupled therewith in order to apply a force upon the diaphragm blade at connecting locations thereof. At each of the adjustment motors there can be individually set or adjusted during an adjusting operation prior to starting the adjustment motors the momentarily desired thrust speed and the momentarily desired thrust distance or travel for the respective adjusting element. All adjustment motors are simultaneously started and simultaneously stopped subsequent to reaching the desired position or location of the diaphragm blade.

Abstract: The bleaching chemicals are added to the pulp immediately after heating of the raw pulp thickened to more than 20% by weight and immediately prior to a dispersing process. This is carried out in a high-speed, high-efficiency disperser, where the heated, thickened pulp is forced through a plurality of narrow slits in a disperser lining and is exposed to strong shearing, impact and kneading stresses. In this way, the dispersing process is reduced to a time period less than 3 seconds, preferably about 1 second or less. As a result, the total time required for reductive bleaching is reduced to less than 15 seconds and no further measures are required for displacing and excluding air from the system. The method can also be advantageously used with oxidative bleaching at reduced reaction time requirements. A high dispersing temperature in the region of 40.degree. C. to 110.degree. C., preferably about 95.degree. C.

Abstract: A fiber stock suspension is directed from a guide device through the nozzle chamber of the headbox device and out of the slice opening thereof onto a papermaking machine. This nozzle chamber comprises at least two zones or sections. The first zone subsequent to the guide device possesses a relatively low convergence angle or low angle of wall inclination of the headbox device relative to the direction of flow of the fiber stock suspension. The other or second zone is positioned prior to or immediately upstream of the slice opening and possesses a substantially greater convergence angle or angle of wall inclination. In the first zone subsequent to the guide device, an improved flow stabilization or quieting of the flow of the fiber stock suspension occurs after the deflection of the fiber stock suspension and the creation of turbulence by the guide device. In the second zone prior to the slice opening the fiber stock suspension is strongly accelerated.

Abstract: In a headbox system for a papermaking machine with an adjustable distribution of the fiber stock suspension or pulp over the web width, the flow in the delivery slice is controlled in such a way that, across the web width, also the distribution of the fibers in respect of fiber orientation and quantity has a desired profile. For this purpose, the flow of the fiber stock suspension is controlled such that in the event of a change in the distribution of the fiber stock suspension across the web width, the horizontal component of the flow direction in the delivery slice remains, at all locations, always in the predetermined machine direction and thus transverse flows are avoided and the flow rate in the delivery slice has a predeterminate profile.

Abstract: In a headbox system for a papermaking machine with an adjustable distribution of the fiber stock suspension or pulp over the web width, the flow in the delivery slice is controlled in such a way that, across the web width, also the distribution of the fibers in respect of fiber orientation and quantity has a desired profile. For this purpose, the flow of the fiber stock suspension is controlled such that in the event of a change in the distribution of the fiber stock suspension across the web width, the horizontal component of the flow direction in the delivery slice remains, at all locations, always in the predetermined machine direction and thus transverse flows are avoided and the flow rate in the delivery slice has a predeterminate profile.

Abstract: The roll calender containing superimposed rolls is provided with base elements which are vertically adjustable at the roll stand and in which there are pivotably mounted movable substantially lever-shaped elements. The roll bearings of the rolls of the roll calender are located at the ends of the movable substantially lever-shaped elements. Between the base elements and the movable substantially lever-shaped elements there are arranged force-applying elements which serve for compensation of overhanging loads. There are also provided stops against which the movable substantially lever-shaped elements are supported when the roll calender is opened or nip relieved.

Abstract: In a multi-ply headbox of a papermaking machine, a flexible partition foil or sheet is connected by an apparatus to a rigid partition element dividing the nozzle chamber. For rapid replacement of the flexible partition foil or sheet, the apparatus comprises an upper retaining strip and a lower retaining strip which are structured for force-locking or form-closed or form-locking clamping of the flexible partition foil or sheet therebetween and secured at the rigid partition element. Between the upper and lower retaining strips there is provided a pressure chamber of a pressure device, which pressure chamber can be impinged by a pressurized fluid medium for spreading or expanding, if necessary, the upper and the lower retaining strips. The pressure chamber possesses the shape of a continuous groove extending across the entire outlet width of the headbox.

Abstract: In a headbox system for a papermaking machine with an adjustable distribution of the fiber stock suspension or pulp over the web width, the flow in the delivery slice is controlled in such a way that, across the web width, also the distribution of the fibers in respect of fiber orientation and quantity has a desired profile. For this purpose, the flow of the fiber stock suspension is controlled such that in the event of a change in the distribution of the fiber stock suspension across the web width, the horizontal component of the flow direction in the delivery slice remains, at all locations, always in the predetermined machine direction and thus transverse flows are avoided and the flow rate in the delivery slice has a predetermined profile.

Abstract: Between an uppermost roll and a lowermost roll there are arranged intermediate rolls mounted with their axles in levers. These levers extend across the width of the roll stand of the calender and are vertically pivotably suspended at a pivot at the roll stand. Nip relieving devices act upon these levers and are supported at a support defining a support location at the roll stand. Each pivot is arranged at an associated bearing element which is elevationally adjustable and which is located at the rear side of the roll stand remote from the rolls. If the position of the intermediate rolls change in vertical direction, the related bearing elements are correspondingly individually and vertically displaced, so that the levers are brought into an essentially horizontal position at which the axles of the intermediate rolls and the pivots of the related levers are located in each case in a related horizontal plane.