Abstract: In an apparatus for treating a layer of material, particularly in a number of successive thermal treatment phases with different treatment temperatures and durations, for carrying out at least two successive treatment phases, there is provided a roller with a roller shell, on to the outer wall of which the layer of material is applied, and which is rotatably mounted about a stationary carrier. Mounted on the carrier are a number of heat-conducting lines at least equal to the number of treatment phases to be carried out. The lines extend parallel to the roller shell and are mounted behind one another in the direction of rotation of the roller shell. They comprise elements which are connected to feed ducts for tempered media and each carry a tempered or cooled medium towards the inner wall of the roller shell.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll possesses a roll shell which is radially movable in at least one plane in relation to a roll support. Position feelers or sensors are arranged at the ends of the roll shell. These position feelers control regulators operatively associated with pressure or support elements located between the roll support and the roll shell, as a function of deviations from a predetermined reference or set position, in a manner such that the roll shell is maintained in the reference or set position. It is possible to influence the pressure or support elements by the position feelers either equally or unequally, and specifically, with decreasing intensity in the presence of increasing distance from the related position feeler.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment of aqueous materials such as clarified sludge. Disposal of such materials in large quantities is difficult and expensive. The present invention is directed to a treatment method that is economical and results in products which are at least as useful as the starting material. According to the invention, a treatment method comprises mechanical dewatering followed by drying in a fluidized bed drier and burning in a fluidized bed boiler. The heat generated in the boiler is at least sufficient to fulfill the requirements of the drier. The heat generated in the boiler is normally used directly in the drier.

Abstract: Mounted on the rotor 1 is a plate 10 which is connected to the rotor at a point 11 so as to be immovable in the direction of support but tiltable relative to the rotor 1. On one side, the plate 10 carries the sliding surface 4 for the mounting member 5 comprising the support surface 6 and, on its other side, the plate 10 forms the cross sectional surface 12 of a pressure cushion 13. The support surface 6 and the cross sectional surface 12 are located opposite each other and are substantially the same size. The pressure in the pressure cushion 13 and the pressure in the space between the sliding surface 4 and the support surface 6 are kept substantially the same as each other. As a result, the plate 10 and hence the sliding surface 4 remain flat even when deformation of the rotor occurs.

Abstract: A rolling mill contains a controlled deflection roll possessing a roll shell movable, in the pressure or contact plane, radially in relation to a roll support or beam for rotatably mounting the roll shell. The ends of the roll shell are guided in appropriate guide means. The roll shell, in the pressing or contact position of the controlled deflection roll, bears against fixed stops or impact members, so that there is formed a fixed roll. A regulation device serves for determining the magnitude of the impact forces. As the impact or stop member there can be preferably used the ends of the guide means or guides of the roll shell. The impact force is formed by pressure or support elements of the controlled deflection roll or by pistons mounted at the region of the guide means. There also can be provided an external contact or pressing device.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll comprising a stationary roll support and a roll shell rotatable about the roll support. The roll shell is guided in radial direction upon the roll support in order to perform displacement movements, typically lift movements. The controlled deflection roll is equipped with a shutoff element, a slide or a valve, which upon exceeding a given displacement magnitude of the roll shell causes outflow of pressurized fluid medium from a pressure line, and thus, prevents the development of the full pressing or contact force which otherwise could lead to destruction or damage of the roll shell. In an overflow line, branching-off of the pressure line, there can be arranged a residual pressure regulator equipped with valve means or throttle means for preventing drop of the pressure in the pressure line below a desired value.

Abstract: A centrifuge screen, more particularly for a thrust-type centrifuge, having screen bars consisting of a hard material and extending axially of the centrifuge drum, said bars being fixed on a supporting frame, wherein the screen bars extending axially of the centrifuge drum bear over the entire length on the supporting frame and are connected to the supporting frame by an adhesive bonding which extends over the full length of the screen bars.

Abstract: Hydrostatic support apparatus for a movable part comprises a bearing plate and a support member which are movable relatively to each other and to a base and define a pressure chamber. The plate has a bearing surface containing a bearing pocket connected by a choke bore with the pressure chamber, is urged toward the movable part by pressure in that chamber, and is urged toward the support member by a spring. The support member is urged toward the movable part by a second spring or by a second spring and a hydraulic cylinder. The construction enables the bearing plate to be resiliently pressed toward the movable part during normal operation, but causes retraction of that plate upon a loss of pressure in the pressure chamber, to thereby prevent wear.

Abstract: The invention relates to the thermal treatment of flowable material using heated contact surfaces in a fluidized bed. Known processes use a gas, often air, to fluidize the bed. This imposes limits on the temperatures that can be allowed to be reached as higher temperatures can cause the material to be treated to burn. It also often produces sterilization of the material. Further there is the problem of disposal of the gases generated in the treatment process. In an attempt to alleviate these problems, the present invention proposes a process generally of the above kind but in which the fluidizing gas comprises gases generated in the bed itself. This is economical as it reduces the heat losses, environmentally desirable as it reduces the amount of gas discharge and more efficient as these gases are generally inert, thus enabling higher temperatures to be generated in the bed without risk of the material burning, thus also facilitating sterilization of the material.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll comprising at least one piston-like or punch-like pressure or support element which is provided with a bearing or contact surface upon which there can slide or bear the roll shell of the controlled deflection roll. The bearing or support arrangement at the respective ends of the roll shell, is equipped with throttle disk means for limiting the infeed of a hydraulic fluid medium, typically oil, to the bearings of the bearing arrangements, from an intermediate compartment or chamber located between the roll shell and its roll support or beam. Additionally, between the bearing and an outer seal means there is arranged an outflow element, such as an outflow conduit, for the withdrawal of the oil or other hydraulic medium.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll contains a stationary support and a roll shell rotatable thereabout. The support has a central bore for the infeed of pressurized fluid medium. In the central bore there are located partition walls and infeed tubes, which deliver to individual sections of the stationary support the pressurized fluid medium at different pressures. The first section of the bore at one end of the stationary support serves for the withdrawal of the medium from the intermediate space or chamber between the roll shell and the support. The partition walls are held in spaced relationship by spacer tubes and secured by means of a tie or tension rod. Each partition wall consists of two telescopically displaceable parts, conjointly limiting a groove for a seal, and the seal can be pressed against the wall of the central bore by drawing together the telescopically displaceable parts.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll having a roll shell rotatably mounted at its ends at a stationary roll support. Pressure or support elements are located between the roll shell and the roll support. The bearing or mounting arrangement of the roll shell at the roll support is provided with play, in a direction opposite to the direction of application of the force exerted by the pressure elements. In such play there is effective a force opposing the direction of the force of the pressure elements. If this force is exceeded by the force of the pressure elements, then a control device limits the force exerted by the pressure elements to a value which is not dangerous for the roll shell. According to a preferred construction the control device is constituted by a hydraulic shutoff element which, in the case of a hydraulic controlled deflection roll, opens an outflow channel leading from the pressure line or conduit, and thus, lowers the pressure effective in the pressure line.

Abstract: An hydroelectric machine is disclosed wherein the rotor of an electric machine is arranged around the rotor of a hydraulic machine, the internal rotor comprising the turbine blades which engage the external rotor to transmit torque therebetween. Each of the internal and external rotors is mounted in a separate radial bearing and the turbine blades of the internal rotor are connected to the external rotor by means of an articulated coupling which permits relative radial movement therebetween. It is preferred to include force compensating means for transmitting circumferential forces between the rotors. Suitable such means comprise an hydraulic servo-motor associated with each blade of which the pressure chambers are interconnected by means of a ring conduit.

Abstract: A heated controlled deflection roll equipped with spraying devices arranged in the intermediate space or compartment between the stationary roll support and the roll shell. The spraying devices have walls confronting the inner surface of the roll shell and at which walls there are formed openings which, during operation, form liquid jets. Oil which is infed to the spraying devices can be heated in a collecting container and/or in a tubular conduit. Temperature regulation of the roll shell can also be accomplished by a throughflow or quantitative regulation by means of valves. If there are present a number of temperature zones in the lengthwise direction of the roll shell then different spray devices can be operatively associated with partition walls, from which the liquid is infed to separate collecting containers. From these collecting containers the liquid is again infed, by means of separate pressure lines, to the individual spray devices.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll is disclosed comprising a stationary support and a rotatable hydraulically supported roll shell. There is also provided heating of the hydraulic liquid which is infed to the controlled deflection roll by a pump device. The pressure line of the pump device is connected by means of a heat exchanger with a return flow line. Connected after the heat exchanger is a cooling device having a temperature regulator. In the pressure line there is arranged following the heat exchanger a heating device. The return flow line is connected by means of an overflow valve with a container for hydraulic medium which is fed to a heating device for the controlled deflection roll.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll comprising a stationary support and a substantially tubular-shaped roll shell rotatable about the stationary support. Hydrostatic pressure or contact elements are provided for the controlled deflection roll and are supported at the stationary support. A pump for infeeding hydraulic pressurized fluid medium, together with its drive motor, is secured at one end of the stationary support. The drive motor can be a rotational speed-regulated motor and is equipped with a regulator to which there is infed the measured signal of a pressure feeler or sensor arranged at the outlet side of the pump. Preferably, a plurality of pumps together with their motors can be attached at a substantially flat end surface or flat side surfaces of the stationary support.

Abstract: In a support member for a deflection-correcting, pressure compensating or pressure adjusting roller which is provided between a stationary carrier and a roller shell mounted so as to be rotatable about the carrier, in order to support the roller shell by being designed to receive a force acting radially from the carrier to the roller shell and transmit this force to the roller shell via its head portion facing the roller shell and a film of fluid located between the head portion and the roller shell, a space is left free beneath the head portion and is bridged by the head portion so that a flux of the force which is to be transmitted is guided around the free space to the head portion outside the line of action of the force.As a result of this guiding of the flux of force, the bridge-shaped head portion is elastically adapted to the radius of the roller shell which may increase during operation of the roller.

Abstract: In a hydrostatic support member with at least one pressure pocket in the head portion of the support member, the or each pressure pocket opening opposite a surface which is to be supported, the inner side of the lining wall which defines the pressure pocket relative to the environment of the support member is inclined relative to the pressure axis of the support member, so that the profile of the pressure pocket becomes larger towards its base. The outside of the lining wall extends relative to the inner side in such a way that when this wall is lowered towards the base the hydrostatically effective surface of the head portion, facing the surface which is to be supported, increases in size.A method of producing or finishing the support member according to the invention is proposed: The support member is first prefabricated with the head portion having a relatively small hydrostatically effective surface, compared with an operational one, the walls having been made higher.

Abstract: A centrifuge screen, more particularly for a thrust-type centrifuge, having screen bars consisting of a hard material and extending axially of the centrifuge drum, said bars being fixed on a supporting frame, wherein the screen bars extending axially of the centrifuge drum bear over the entire length on the supporting frame and are connected to the supporting frame by an adhesive bonding which extends over the full length of the screen bars.

Abstract: To obtain optical effects, particularly dye pattern effects, a treatment is proposed for a web of material or a number of webs of material guided side by side in the nip between treatment rollers, more particularly a web of material impregnated with or containing dye or other finishes, wherein the treatment pressure is set differently in individual longitudinal portions of the nip or is set intermittently, so that the web of material is exposed to different treatment pressures at different points, with the result that, in particular, the dye or other finish is forced out of the parts of the web of material subjected to the greatest pressure, and into those parts subjected to least pressure. An apparatus is proposed for carrying out this treatment, wherein one of the treatment rollers which form the nip is a deflection adjustment roller and comprises support members which are associated with controllable pressure regulators for regulating the pressure in the support members.