Abstract: New substituted carbamoylimidazole derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## have been prepared by reacting the appropriate substituted imidazole derivatives of the general formula (II) ##STR2## with isocyanate compounds of the general formula (III)R.sub.4 -- N .dbd. C .dbd. O (III).the new compounds of the general formula (I) are potent herbicides and fungicides.In the above formulaeR.sub.1 stands for hydrogen atom or methyl group,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each may represent a hydrogen atom or a nitro group, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may form together a --CH.dbd.--CH--CH.dbd.CH--group, which forms a six-membered ring together with the adjacent carbon atoms of the imidazole ring, andR.sub.4 stands for a cyclohexyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl or dichlorophenyl group.

Abstract: Transport processes such as emulsification, mass transfer, dissolution, washing or chemical reaction are carried out by admixing two substantially immiscible fluid phases with a rotary agitator having thereon filamentary elements that occupy 0.1% to 20% of the space to be swept thereby, whose thickness is 10-5000 .mu.m and whose thickness-to-length ratio is 1:5 to 1:5000, there being several thousand such elements on the rotor, that rotates at several thousand rpm, the elements having peripheral speed of at least 30 m/s.-- The operation is improved by also including in the fluid medium solid particles of a size 1-1000 .mu.m.

Abstract: Various chloroformates are produced from aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and arylaliphatic alcohols having up to 20 carbon atoms and of phosgene in a continuous, concurrent flow process, with the alcohol starting material being atomized into the reactor, whereby the reaction takes place largely in the fog phase. The vapor pressure of the phosgene can be utilized for the creation of the fog phase and the termination of the atomized state can be used for efficiently separating the chloroformate end product from the hydrogen chloride by product. The process can be carried out in a reactor comprising a reaction zone, a charged zone and a zone for the recovery of the end product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new and advantageous process for the preparation of substituted S-alkyl thiocarbamates having the general formula (I), ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group,R.sup.2 stands for a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or cyclohexyl group, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together a C.sub.4-6 polymethylene group, andR.sup.3 stands for a C.sub.2-3 alkyl group.In accordance with the invention the substituted O-alkyl thiocarbamates of the general formula (II), ##EQU2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each have the same meanings as defined above, are subjected to isomerization by heating them at a temperature of 130.degree. to 180.degree.C in the presence of dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate to yield the appropriate S-alkyl esters.

Abstract: A process for the production of N,N-disubstituted carboxylic amides by reacting carboxylic acid with carbamoyl chloride.

Abstract: Process for the solvent extraction of liquids mutually immiscible with each other and having different specific gravity, in which both the mother liquor and the solvent(s) are dispersed in a gas or vapour, thereafter the disperse state of the system is terminated by condensation, and the immiscible phases are separated from each other.