Abstract: A hydrocarbonaceous fuel additive, fuel composition, and method all lower both carbon particulate emissions and improve slag properties in combustion systems including, for instance, utility furnaces and boiler systems. The mixed metal catalyst may include a transition metal-containing compound, an alkali metal compound, and a magnesium-containing compound.

Abstract: A hydrocarbonaceous fuel additive, fuel composition, and method all lower both carbon particulate emissions and improve slag properties in combustion systems including, for instance, utility furnaces and boiler systems. The mixed metal catalyst may include a transition metal-containing compound, an alkali metal compound, and a magnesium-containing compound.

Abstract: Unleaded aviation gasolines having heats of combustion and octane qualities deemed necessary for use under actual service conditions are formed from blends of specified proportions of aviation alkylate, ether blending agent, a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and optionally other appropriate hydrocarbons falling in the gasoline boiling range.

Abstract: Unleaded aviation gasolines of enhanced properties are described. They satisfy at least the octane and heat content specifications of ASTM D 910-90. Also described are unleaded aviation gasolines which satisfy all of the specifications of ASTM D 910-90. The fuels also prevent or at least inhibit exhaust valve recession or wear during use in aviation engines, especially those designed to operate on leaded aviation fuel. The fuels of the invention contain a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound. Preferably the fuels are made up of a blend of at least about 80% by volume of aviation alkylate gasoline, up to about 10% by volume of a gasoline-soluble dialkyl ether gasoline blending agent, from about 0.25 to about 0.

Abstract: Gear oils and gear oil additive concentrates of enhanced positraction performance are described. They comprise: (i) at least one oil-soluble sulfur-containing extreme pressure or antiwear agent; (ii) at least one oil-soluble amine salt of a partial ester of an acid of phosphorus; and (iii) at least one oil-soluble succinimide of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having an average of 8 to 50 carbon atoms, and each of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkenyl group having an average of up to about 4 carbon atoms. These compositions preferably contain one, more preferably two, and most preferably all three of the following additional components: (iv) at least one amine salt of a carboxylic acid; (v) at least one nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant; and (vi) at least one trihydrocarbyl ester of a pentavalent acid of phosphorus.

Abstract: Oil-based functional fluid compositions formulated for use as automatic transmission fluid, fluid for a wet brake system, or a friction-depending lubricant are improved by including in the composition a minor amount of at least one alcohol or polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule. This results in a desirable increase in the dynamic and/or static coefficients of friction of automatic transmission or other frictional surfaces contacted by the composition. Preferred for this use is a composition formed by heating at least one ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl group with a combination of at least (i) an inorganic acid of phosphorus, (ii) a boron compound, and (iii) a polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms, so that a liquid composition is formed. The boron compound and the inorganic phosphorus acid are preferably co-present during the heating.

Abstract: Oleaginous compositions and additive concentrates therefor having enhanced performance characteristics comprise a) at least one oil-soluble overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent having a TBN of at least 200; and b) one or more oil-soluble boron-free additive compositions formed by heating (i) at least one boron-free oil-soluble ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl group, with (ii) at least one inorganic phosphorus acid such that a liquid boron-free phosphorus-containing composition is formed.

Abstract: Graft copolymers of a star-shaped polymer and an N-allyl amide manifest dispersant and viscosity index-improving properties.

Abstract: Dispersancy and fluoroelastomer seal compatibility are achieved by use in the lubricant of a dispersing amount of a product made by reacting aminoguanidine or a basic salt thereof with a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride in a mole ratio of from about 0.4 to about 1.2 moles of the aminoguanidine or basic salt thereof per mole of the succinic acid or anhydride compound.

Abstract: An effective way is described for overcoming the shudder problem associated with continuous slip torque converter clutches for use in automatic transmissions, especially shudder which occurs with new friction materials before break-in. To do this, an ATF is used in which the friction modifier system consists essentially of (i) an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted diethanolamine in which the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituent is at least one straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl group free of acetylenic unsaturation and having in the range of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and (ii) an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted trimethylenediamine in which the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituent is at least one straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl group free of acetylenic unsaturation and having in the range of about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms. The ATF is devoid of any tertiary amine friction modifier component and any C.sub.12-36 aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide or succinamide friction modifier.

Abstract: Preconditioned automatic transmission fluids are made by using a preblend formed by heating an alkenyl succinimide or succinamide dispersant with a phosphorus ester and water to partially hydrolyze the ester and then mixing the preblend and other additives with a base oil.

Abstract: A process for preparing, in high yield, a sulfurized olefinic product for use in lubricating oil compositions having a low chlorine content, a sulfur content of from about 40 to about 50 weight percent and a viscosity at 100.degree. C. of less than about 20 cSt.

Abstract: A process for preparing, in high yield, a sulfurized olefinic product for use in lubricating oil compositions having a chlorine content of less than about 1000 ppm, a sulfur content of from about 40 to about 50 weight percent and a viscosity at 100.degree. C. of within the range of from about 5 to about 15 cSt.

Abstract: Preconditioned automatic transmission fluids are made by using a preblend formed by heating an alkenyl succinimide or succinamide dispersant with a phosphorus ester and water to partially hydrolyze the ester and then mixing the preblend and other additives with a base oil.

Abstract: A lubricant composition especially adapted for use as an automatic transmission fluid, which composition consists essentially of: a) from 50 to 85 weight percent of a mineral oil having a viscosity at 100.degree. C. in the range of 3 to 5 centistokes; b) from 5 to 35 weight percent of a poly-.alpha.-olefin lubricating oil having a viscosity at 100.degree. C. in the range of 1 to 8 centistokes; and c) from 8 to 15 weight percent of a combination of alkenyl succinimide dispersant, viscosity index improver and antioxidant; said composition being further characterized in that it contains less than 7.0 weight percent of viscosity index improver and in that the composition has a Brookfield viscosity at -40.degree. C. of no more than 20,000 cP.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhancing an additive concentrate package so as to improve its shelf-life stability comprising forming an additive concentrate containing (i) a major amount of detergent/dispersant and (ii) a minor amount of demulsifier; and admixing a solvent stabilizer composition with said additive concentrate in an amount sufficient to improve the shelf-life stability of the additive concentrate package.

Abstract: An effective way is described for overcoming the shudder problem associated with continuous slip torque converter clutches for use in automatic transmissions, especially shudder which occurs with new friction materials before break-in. To do this, an ATF is used in which the friction modifier system consists essentially of (i) an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted diethanolamine in which the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituent is at least one straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl group free of acetylenic unsaturation and having in the range of 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and (ii) an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted trimethylenediamine in which the N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituent is at least one straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbyl group free of acetylenic unsaturation and having in the range of about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms. The ATF is devoid of any tertiary amine friction modifier component and any C.sub.12-36 aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide or succinamide friction modifier.

Abstract: An ashless or low-ash oleaginous liquid composition comprising a major amount of hydrogenated poly-.alpha.-olefin oligomer fluid having a viscosity in the range of about 2 to about 10 cSt at 100.degree. C., and minor amounts of at least the following: A) hydrogenated poly-.alpha.-olefin oligomer fluid having a viscosity in the range of about 40 to about 120 cSt at 100.degree. C.; and B) antiwear/extreme pressure agent selected from phosphorus-containing ashless dispersant, boron-containing ashless dispersant, and phosphorus- and boron-containing ashless dispersant. Compositions of this type can be formed having excellent high and low temperature viscosity characteristics and excellent shear stability. To this end, the preferred compositions are devoid or substantially devoid of conventional polymeric high molecular weight viscosity index improvers.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a hydrocarbonaceous middle distillate fuel and a minor wear-inhibiting amount of a combination of (i) at least one fuel-soluble aryl phosphate of the formula(RO).sub.3 POwherein each R is, independently, phenyl or an alkyl-substituted phenyl group; and (ii) at least one fuel-soluble aryl polyphosphate of the formula ##STR1## wherein each R is, independently, phenyl or an alkyl-substituted phenyl group, Ar is m-phenylene or an alkyl-substituted m-phenylene group, and n is from 1 to 4. The combination contains from 2 to 30% by weight of component (i). These compositions are made by (a) reacting about 1.9 to about 2.1 equivalents of phenol or alkyl-substituted phenol with one equivalent of phosphoryl trihalide, and (b) reacting the intermediate product formed in (a) with from about 0.9 to about 1.1 equivalents of resorcinol or alkyl-substituted resorcinol per equivalent of phosphoryl trihalide employed in (a). Alternatively, the compositions are made by (a) reacting about 0.9 to about 1.

Abstract: A new friction modifier system is described. It has the capability of establishing and maintaining a substantially constant static breakaway coefficient of friction between a pair of friction surfaces that are periodically frictionally engaged with each other. Also this system is capable of maintaining a substantially constant ratio between (i) the low speed dynamic coefficient of friction of such friction surfaces, and (ii) the (midpoint) dynamic coefficient of friction of such friction surfaces.