Abstract: A method of transmitting data packets over a transmission channel shared by transmitters on the basis of a first unit of transmission of fixed length subdivided into second units of transmission of fixed length, includes: associating, at a first transmitter, for each packet to be transmitted at least two packet replicas with respective second units within a current first unit; generating, at the first transmitter, the replicas, in each of which signaling information is included, the signaling information indicating relative positions of the other replicas of the same packet within the current first unit with respect to the given replica; setting, at the first transmitter, a start timing for beginning transmission of the current first unit independently of the other transmitters of the transmitters sharing the transmission channel; and transmitting the replicas at respective timings in accordance with their association with the respective second units within the current first unit.

Abstract: A method and system for creating a constellation of electronic devices for providing optical or radio-frequency operations relating to earth surface data collection applications on a predetermined geographical area. On each of a plurality of (commercial) airplanes at least one electronic device from the constellation is provided, and during its flight each airplane has a flight path over at least a portion of the geographical area. Each electronic device is configured for the operations during the flight with an earth coverage range for the operations determined by an individual airplane coverage range of a portion of the earth surface as provided by the associated airplane. One or more electronic devices are activated for the operations when the individual airplane coverage of the one or more airplanes associated with the one or more electronic devices is within the geographical area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for determining a schedule for a contact between a ground segment and a space segment. The ground segment comprises multiple ground stations, each ground station having one or more antennas, such that the overall number of ground station antennas in the ground segment is (Nant), and the space segment comprises a constellation of satellites in orbit, in which the number of satellites is (Nsat). The method comprises selecting a subset of no more than Nant satellites from the Nsat satellites for contact at a given epoch with the ground segment; and allocating each of the selected Nant satellites to the Nant antennas in a one-to-one relationship at the given epoch. The selecting of the subset of no more than Nant satellites from the Nsat satellites comprises determining a subset of the Nant satellites that has maximum spatial diversity.

Abstract: An optical rotation sensor is provided, comprising an optical ring resonator (RR) formed by a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) waveguide, and a bus waveguide. A light input section of the bus waveguide is connectable to a light source, and a light output section of the bus waveguide is connectable to a light detector. The bus waveguide is optically coupled to the ring resonator within a coupling area which is located between the light input section and the light output section of the bus waveguide. The optical rotation sensor is configured to measure a shift of frequency of a resonance area (or a plurality of resonance areas) close to a band edge of a photonic band gap of the ring resonator, wherein the shift of frequency is caused by a rotation of the optical rotation sensor.

Abstract: A fluidic filter for filtering a fluid includes a filter housing having an inlet part, an outlet part and a housing part, and a filter element having an inlet side and an outlet side. The filter element is housed inside the housing part of the filter housing and includes a first flow passage that extends along a longitudinal direction of the filter element and is connected to the outlet part, and a plurality of ridges extending along the longitudinal direction. A plurality of second flow passages respectively are formed between ridges and an inner surface of the housing part, allowing the fluid to flow from the inlet side of the filter element along the longitudinal direction. At least a portion of the plurality of ridges facing the second flow passages is permeable to the fluid so as to allow passage of the fluid from the second flow passages to the first flow passage.

Abstract: A method for designing a surface pattern for an impedance surface which results in a position-dependent target impedance of said impedance surface, and the impedance surface having the position-dependent target impedance radiates a desired first-type electromagnetic field radiation in reaction to being irradiated by a second-type electromagnetic field radiation. The method includes obtaining a first modal representation on the basis of the first-type electromagnetic field radiation in terms of a set of base modes that are chosen in accordance with a model function of the position-dependent target impedance, and obtaining a second modal representation on the basis of the second-type electromagnetic field radiation and the model function in terms of the set of base modes.

Abstract: A multi-faceted deployable antenna frame including a six-bar linkage structure in a lateral facet of the antenna frame, the six-bar linkage structure being convertible from a folded state into a deployed state and having two first bars and four second bars, each bar being coupled to two others by a hinge to form a closed loop, where in the deployed state, the six-bar linkage structure has a quadrilateral shape.

Abstract: A method for designing a surface pattern for an impedance surface which results in a position-dependent target impedance of said impedance surface, and the impedance surface having the position-dependent target impedance radiates a desired first-type electromagnetic field radiation in reaction to being irradiated by a second-type electromagnetic field radiation. The method includes obtaining a first modal representation on the basis of the first-type electromagnetic field radiation in terms of a set of base modes that are chosen in accordance with a model function of the position-dependent target impedance, and obtaining a second modal representation on the basis of the second-type electromagnetic field radiation and the model function in terms of the set of base modes.

Abstract: A method of determining link failure in a receiver for receiving a differential voltage signal via a first signal line and a second signal line, the method including: obtaining a first quantity depending on the larger one of a maximum value over time of a voltage level that is attained in the first signal line and a maximum value over time of a voltage level that is attained in the second signal line; obtaining a second quantity depending on a maximum value over time of an average of an instantaneous voltage level in the first signal line and an instantaneous voltage level in the second signal line; and determining that the link failure has occurred on the basis of the first quantity and the second quantity.

Abstract: A resonator for use in a rectangular waveguide filter includes a first section of rectangular waveguide and a second section of rectangular waveguide that are arranged along a guide direction of the resonator and joined to each other to form the resonator. Walls of the second section of rectangular waveguide that extend in the guide direction are in a parallel relationship with respective walls of the first section of rectangular waveguide. A width of the first section of rectangular waveguide in a width direction is equal to a width of the second section of rectangular waveguide in the width direction so that the resonator has uniform width in the width direction. A height of the second section of rectangular waveguide in a height direction is smaller than a height of the first section of rectangular waveguide in the height direction.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of an object having a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver comprises receiving signals that are transmitted by GNSS transmitters positioned on board satellites positioned in view of the object; updating service data in the object, the service data including satellite clock data, satellite orbit data, satellite delay code bias data relating to delay code biases of the GNSS transmitters, and ionospheric model data indicating a state of an ionosphere; determining, based on the ionospheric model data, ionospheric delay data indicating corrections relating to delays of the signals, the delays of the signals resulting from passage of the signals through the ionosphere, and reception of the signals by the GNSS receiver; and determining a position of the object based on the signals, the satellite clock data, the satellite orbit data, the satellite delay code bias data, and the determined ionospheric delay data.

Abstract: A dosimeter system for determining radiation exposure including first and second units, where the first unit determines a first quantity indicating influence of a first radiation field, and transmitting the first quantity by the first detecting-unit to the second unit, where the second unit determines second quantity indicative of influence of a second radiation field on biological tissue, third detecting-unit determines a third quantity indicative of an influence of the second radiation field, where the third detecting-unit is of the same type as the first detecting-unit included by the first unit, and determining quantity for adjusting the first quantity on basis of the second quantity by the second detecting-unit and third quantity by the third detecting-unit, adjusting the first quantity so a fourth quantity indicative of an influence of the first radiation field on biological tissue based on the first quantity by the first detecting-unit and adjusting the first quantity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical devices for imaging and spectroscopic applications where optical field curvature is a predominant characteristic. In particular, the invention relates to imaging optics and an optical device for mapping a curved image field. The optical device for mapping a curved image field comprises a focal plane array 20 having a plurality of light processing elements 21 and a focal plane adapter 110 mounted in front of the focal plane array 20 configured to transmit the curved image field to the light processing elements 21 of the focal plane array 20.

Abstract: A foil deployment mechanism comprises a first drum rotatable about a first longitudinal axis, and a second drum rotatable about a second longitudinal axis. The foil deployment mechanism further comprises a cable, the cable comprising a first section which extends from a lower part of the second drum to an upper part of the first drum, a second section which is wound around a part of the first drum facing away from the second drum, a third section which extends from a lower part of the first drum to an upper part of the second drum, and a fourth section which is wound around a part of the second drum facing away from the first drum, wherein the first section and the third section intersect each other between the first drum and the second drum when being viewed along the first longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A mode extractor for extracting TM01 mode from an electromagnetic signal, including a first and second turnstile junction, each of the turnstile junctions having first port, four second ports of rectangular waveguide which are mutually orthogonal and orthogonal to first port and matching section provided at least partially in center region of respective turnstile junction, center region being located at intersection of first port and four second ports wherein first and second turnstile junction are arranged so that longitudinal axes of their first ports are aligned with each other and their first ports are facing in opposite directions, each of the second ports of first turnstile junction is electromagnetically coupled to corresponding one of second ports of second turnstile junction, and a coaxial coupling device is inserted into matching section of first turnstile junction so that a portion of coaxial coupling device extends into first port of first turnstile junction.

Abstract: A group of rectangular waveguide resonators include first and second resonators that are arranged so that first lateral walls of the first resonator extend in parallel to second lateral walls of the second resonator. The first lateral walls correspond to broad sides of a first cross section of the first resonator perpendicular to a guide direction of the first resonator. The second lateral walls correspond to broad sides of a second cross section of the second resonator perpendicular to a guide direction of the second resonator. The first and second resonators are further arranged so that one of the first lateral walls at least partially faces one of the second lateral walls, and the first resonator is electromagnetically coupled to the second resonator through a first aperture in the one of the first lateral walls and a second aperture in the one of the second lateral walls.

Abstract: A dosimeter system for determining radiation exposure including first and second units, where the first unit determines a first quantity indicating influence of a first radiation field, and transmitting the first quantity by the first detecting-unit to the second unit, where the second unit determines second quantity indicative of influence of a second radiation field on biological tissue, third detecting-unit determines a third quantity indicative of an influence of the second radiation field, where the third detecting-unit is of the same type as the first detecting-unit included by the first unit, and determining quantity for adjusting the first quantity on basis of the second quantity by the second detecting-unit and third quantity by the third detecting-unit, adjusting the first quantity so a fourth quantity indicative of an influence of the first radiation field on biological tissue based on the first quantity by the first detecting-unit and adjusting the first quantity.

Abstract: A method for generating a digital signal of tunable frequency may include generating a periodic first analog signal, determining a sign of a first difference between a value of the first analog signal and a first control value to determine sign flips, wherein the first control value is a variable value, and generating the digital signal of tunable frequency on the basis of the determined sign of the first difference, wherein the digital signal of tunable frequency is generated such that a subset of switches of the signal level are coincident with a respective sign flip of the determined sign of the first difference.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data packets over a transmission channel shared by transmitters on the basis of a first unit of transmission of fixed length subdivided into second units of transmission of fixed length, includes: associating, at a first transmitter, for each packet to be transmitted at least two packet replicas with respective second units within a current first unit; generating, at the first transmitter, the replicas, in each of which signaling information is included, the signaling information indicating relative positions of the other replicas of the same packet within the current first unit with respect to the given replica; setting, at the first transmitter, a start timing for beginning transmission of the current first unit independently of the other transmitters of the transmitters sharing the transmission channel; and transmitting the replicas at respective timings in accordance with their association with the respective second units within the current first unit.

Abstract: A method of determining link failure in a receiver for receiving a differential voltage signal via a first signal line and a second signal line, the method including: obtaining a first quantity depending on the larger one of a maximum value over time of a voltage level that is attained in the first signal line and a maximum value over time of a voltage level that is attained in the second signal line; obtaining a second quantity depending on a maximum value over time of an average of an instantaneous voltage level in the first signal line and an instantaneous voltage level in the second signal line; and determining that the link failure has occurred on the basis of the first quantity and the second quantity.