Abstract: A method for preparing 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (HMB) or salts thereof from tertbutanol and carbon monoxide, may include reacting tert-butanol in an aqueous mixture with carbon monoxide under electrolytic conditions. The electrolytic conditions may include applying an electric potential to the aqueous reaction mixture in a range of from 1.5 and 25 V and/or operating electrodes at a current density in a range of from 1 to 10.000 A/m2. The electric potential may be applied to the aqueous mixture using a diamond anode and/or a steel cathode. The reaction may be conducted in the presence of at least one conducting electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for preparing guanidino acetic acid involves reacting cyanamide and glycine in an aqueous reaction mixture in the presence of a base. The ammonia content in the reaction mixture is controlled to be below 20 g/L, and the dicyandiatrade content in the reaction mixture is kept below 5 wt.-%.

Abstract: The invention relates to functionalized polymers, a process for producing functionalized polymers and the use of functionalized polymers, especially in the field of personal care.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for classifying the gut inflammation status of an avian subject or of a group of avian subjects to be tested, the method comprising the comparison of the average methylation levels within a panel of pre-selected LMRs in the genomic DNA isolated from gut sample material deriving from the individual avian subject or of the group of avian subjects to be tested with the average methylation levels of the same panel of LMRs in the genomic DNA pertaining to one or more reference samples having a negative gut inflammation status.

Abstract: Cells which make rhamnolipids and are genetically modified such that they have a decreased activity, compared to the wild type thereof, are provided. A glucose dehydrogenase and a method for producing rhamnolipids using the cells according to the invention are also provided.

Abstract: Process for producing SiOC-bonded, linear polydimethylsiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers comprising repeating (AB) units, comprising pretreating acidified, end-equilibrated ?,?-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxanes with a base and reacting the ?,?-diacetoxypolydimethylsiloxanes resulting therefrom with polyether diols in the presence of a solid, liquid or gaseous base, optionally using inert solvents.

Abstract: In a device for separating methane from a gas mixture containing methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, comprising a gas compressor, two or three membrane separation stages downstream of the compressor and a hydrogen sulfide adsorber, comprising a bed of activated carbon having catalytic activity for oxidizing hydrogen sulfide with oxygen, arranged upstream of the membrane separation stages, oxygen content and relative humidity can be adjusted for optimum adsorption capacity of the hydrogen sulfide adsorber by recycling permeate from the second membrane separation stage, which receives the retentate of the first membrane separation stage, to a point upstream of the hydrogen sulfide adsorber.

Abstract: Polyalkyl (meth)acrylates are useful in compressor oils. A method of increasing the energy efficiency of a compressor involves operating the compressor with a compressor oil containing a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate-based viscosity index improver.

Abstract: The use of surfactant formulations comprising long-chain alcohols as additives in aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.

Abstract: Compositions containing at least one ceramide, at least one polyglycerol carboxylic acid ester, and cholesterol in specific ratios by weight are provided.

Abstract: A composition for use as a multifunctional wax dispersant can treat subterranean formations for the recovery of oil and gas from oil and gas wells. A process can be used for the preparation thereof. A method for treating a crude oil with a wax dispersant composition according to the present invention reduces interfacial tension between the crude oil and the treatment fluids in the recovery of oil and gas from crude oil and gas wells.

Abstract: A process can be used for the preparation of tris(trichlorosilyl)dichlorogallylgermane, which is a chlorinated, uncharged substance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a porous polyurethane coatings, using a polyol ester as additives in an aqueous polymer dispersion, the process comprising the steps of a) providing a mixture comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, a polyol ester, and an additive, b) foaming the mixture to give a homogeneous, fine-cell foam, c) adding at least one thickener to establish the desired viscosity of the wet foam, d) applying a coating of the foamed polymer dispersion to a suitable carrier, e) drying the coating. The invention further relates to a phosphorylated polyol ester.

Abstract: A solvent-free composition contains the following components: 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol, ethoxylates thereof, and polyethylene glycols, wherein the composition contains water and wherein the concentration of 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol is greater than 40% by weight, based on the composition.

Abstract: 1,2-propanediol is prepared by a method involving reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide at 50 to 110° C. in the presence of a catalyst mixture, containing a phase transfer catalyst and a polytungstophosphate, in a liquid reaction mixture containing an aqueous phase with a maximum apparent pH of 6 and an organic phase. The method then involves separating the reaction mixture into an aqueous phase containing 1,2-propanediol and an organic phase; recycling at least part of the separated organic phase to the reaction; and recovering 1,2 propanediol from the aqueous phase. The method further involves reacting a tungstate with hydrogen peroxide and phosphoric acid at 5 to 40° C., in the presence of the phase transfer catalyst, in a liquid mixture containing an aqueous and an organic phase, followed by passing at least a part of the resulting organic phase containing the polytungstophosphate and phase transfer catalyst to the initial reaction.

Abstract: A reactive diluent system for composite resins contains a reactive diluent composition, which contains an organic phosphorus compound, and an accelerator system. The accelerator system contains at least one iron salt or complex, at least one transition metal salt or complex selected from cobalt and copper, and optionally at least one solvent.

Abstract: A process prepares dialkyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylates by ring hydrogenation of the corresponding dialkyl terephthalate having a CO value of less than 0.3 mg KOH/g. The dialkyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylates thus produced can be used as plasticizers or as a component of a plasticizer composition for plastics, in particular PVC.

Abstract: A method for preparing 1,2-propanediol involves reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst mixture, containing a phase transfer catalyst and a heteropolytungstate, in a liquid reaction mixture containing an aqueous phase with a maximum apparent pH of 6 and an organic phase. The method then involves separating the reaction mixture into an aqueous phase (Pa) containing 1,2-propanediol and formic acid and an organic phase (Po); recycling at least part of the separated organic phase (Po) to the reaction; contacting at least a part of the separated aqueous phase (Pa) with a palladium catalyst; and recovering 1,2 propanediol from the aqueous phase provided by the contacting. The contacting of at least a part of the separated aqueous phase (Pa) with the palladium catalyst reduces the content of formic acid.

Abstract: A method for preparing 1,2-propanediol involves reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst and a heteropolytungstate, in a liquid two phase reaction mixture with an organic phase containing an alkylaromatic hydrocarbon solvent. The method then involves separating the reaction mixture into an aqueous phase containing 1,2-propanediol and an organic phase, recycling the oxygen depleted organic phase to the reaction, and recovering 1,2 propanediol from the aqueous phase. The reaction and separation are carried out in liquid flooded vessels at a pressure high enough to suppress desorption of gas from the liquid reaction mixture. The separated organic phase is contacted with a stream of a non-flammable gas to desorb from 10 to 75% of the oxygen dissolved in the organic phase into the stream of non-flammable gas, before recycling the organic phase which purges oxygen safely with little loss of propene.

Abstract: A process for preparing C5 aldehydes involves hydroformylation of butenes with synthesis gas in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system and a solvent. It is a feature of the process that the aldehyde concentration in the reaction mixture is limited.