Abstract: A conditioning system for a filter module is disclosed. The conditioning system may generally include an inlet, a heat exchanger, a magnetically levitated pump, a channel provided to bypass the heat exchanger, a controller, an outlet, and a base. The system may have components lined with corrosion-resistant materials. A method of conditioning a filter module is also disclosed. The method may generally include measuring TOC in a source of ultrapure water, heating the ultrapure water, rinsing a filter module with the heated water, flushing the filter module with ambient temperature water, and repeating the rinsing with heated water and flushing with ambient temperature water. A method of facilitating conditioning of the filter module is also disclosed. The method may generally include providing a portable filter module conditioning system and providing instructions for installation or use.

Abstract: A high-solids wastewater treatment system is disclosed. The wastewater treatment system includes a ballasted reactor, a solids-liquid separation subsystem, a pre-treatment subsystem, a ballast feed subsystem, and a ballast recovery subsystem. The high-solids wastewater treatment system can include a reaction tank, a thickener, and a filter press. A method of treating high-solids wastewater is also disclosed. The method includes contacting a wastewater feed with a coagulant or flocculant, thickening the dosed wastewater, treating the effluent with a ballast, settling the treated wastewater, and conveying the ballasted sludge to the wastewater feed, dosed wastewater, or treated wastewater. The wastewater feed may have more than 500 mg/L of total suspended solids. The wastewater feed may contain inorganic solids.

Abstract: Water treatment systems including electrically-driven and pressure-driven separation apparatus configured to produce a first treated water suitable for use as irrigation water and a second treated water suitable for use as potable water from one of brackish water and saline water and methods of operation of same.

Abstract: Self-cleaning electrochemical cells, systems including self-cleaning electrochemical cells, and methods of operating self-cleaning electrochemical cells are disclosed. The self-cleaning electrochemical cell can include a plurality of concentric electrodes disposed in a housing, a fluid channel defined between the concentric electrodes, and an electrical connector positioned at a distal end of a concentric electrode and electrically connected to the electrode. The electrical connectors may be configured to provide a substantially even current distribution to the concentric electrode and minimize a zone of reduced velocity occurring downstream from the electrical connector. The electrical connector may be configured to cause a temperature of an electrolyte solution to increase by less than about 0.5° C. while transmitting at least 100 W of power.

Abstract: An apparatus for wasting flocculant sludge from a clarifier is provided including a wasting pipe fluidly connectable to a waste conduit, a manifold fluidly connectable to the wasting pipe, an upper header for collecting the flocculant sludge fluidly connectable to the manifold, a return sludge pipe fluidly connectable to a return sludge well, a lower header for collecting settled sludge fluidly connectable to the return sludge pipe, and a drive mechanism for rotating the upper header and the lower header about a center axis. A wastewater treatment system is provided including the clarifier fluidly connectable to a source of a mixed liquor and the apparatus for wasting flocculant sludge. A method of separating settled sludge from a clarifier is provided including withdrawing flocculant sludge and withdrawing settled sludge. A method of retrofitting a clarifier is also provided including providing the manifold, the upper header, and the drive mechanism.

Abstract: A flow battery having at least one rechargeable cell is disclosed. The at least one rechargeable cell can include an anolyte compartment, a catholyte compartment, and an anion exchange membrane positioned between the anolyte and catholyte compartments. The anion exchange membrane can have a thickness of less than 100 ?m and a steady state diffusivity of less than 0.4 ppm/hr/cm2 with respect to a cation species in an electrolyte of the rechargeable cell. A method of facilitating use of a flow battery including providing the anion exchange membrane is also disclosed. A method of facilitating storage of an electric charge comprising providing the flow battery is also disclosed. A method of producing an anion exchange membrane is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method including directing an aqueous solution having dissolved carbon dioxide and dissolved ozone into a vessel, removing an amount of the dissolved carbon dioxide and irradiating the effluent with ultraviolet light to decompose an amount of the dissolved ozone is disclosed. The method may include removing the dissolved carbon dioxide by controlling pH. The method may include removing the dissolved carbon dioxide by contact with a membrane degasifier. A system including a channel fluidly connectable to a source of an aqueous solution having dissolved carbon dioxide and dissolved ozone, a dissolved carbon dioxide removal subsystem, and a source of ultraviolet irradiation is also disclosed. The dissolved carbon dioxide removal subsystem may include a source of a pH adjuster. The dissolved carbon dioxide removal subsystem may include a membrane degasifier.

Abstract: A system for removing undesirable compounds from contaminated air includes a biofilter having sintered glass media. Hydrogen sulfide is removed from contaminated air by passing the contaminated air through the biofilter.

Abstract: A method of treating selenium-containing wastewater comprises performing anoxic biological treatment of the selenium-containing wastewater to produce a first liquid including a residual dissolved selenium species, introducing an oxidant into the first liquid to form an oxidant-treated first liquid, introducing a coagulant into the oxidant-treated first liquid to form a second liquid having selenium-containing solids, and removing the selenium-containing solids from the second liquid in a solids-liquid separation operation.

Abstract: A method of operating a sequencing batch reactor process includes introducing wastewater to be treated into the sequencing batch reactor and subjecting the wastewater to treatment in the sequencing batch reactor in an aerated anoxic mode in in which a quantity of oxygen is supplied at a level insufficient to meet a biological oxygen demand of the wastewater, but sufficient to cause simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reactions to occur in the wastewater.

Abstract: An electrochemical separation device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a cell stack including a plurality of sub-blocks each having alternating depleting compartments and concentrating compartments and each including frame and channel portions disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. An internal seal formed of a first material is disposed between and in contact with the channel portions between adjacent sub-blocks in the cell stack and configured to prevent leakage between depleting compartments and concentrating compartments in the adjacent sub-blocks. An external seal formed of a second material having at least one material parameter different from the first material is disposed between and in contact with the frames of the adjacent sub-blocks in the cell stack and configured to prevent leakage from an internal volume of the electrochemical separation device to outside of the electrochemical separation device.

Abstract: A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and applying the current in a pulsed waveform responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to apply the current in a pulsed waveform responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell including a first chamber having an anode, a second chamber having a cathode, at least one ionic connection between the first chamber and the second chamber, such that liquid electrolyte from the first chamber is prevented from mixing with liquid electrolyte in the second chamber is provided. The first chamber and the second chamber can be arranged in parallel and positioned remotely from each other. An electrochemical system including the electrochemical cell, and first and second sources of saline aqueous solutions is also provided. Water treatment systems are also provided. A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing first and second saline aqueous solutions into first and second chambers of the electrochemical cell, and applying a current across the anode and the cathode to generate first and second products, respectively is also provided. A method of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for wasting flocculant sludge from a clarifier is provided including a wasting pipe fluidly connectable to a waste conduit, a manifold fluidly connectable to the wasting pipe, an upper header for collecting the flocculant sludge fluidly connectable to the manifold, a return sludge pipe fluidly connectable to a return sludge well, a lower header for collecting settled sludge fluidly connectable to the return sludge pipe, and a drive mechanism for rotating the upper header and the lower header about a center axis. A wastewater treatment system is provided including the clarifier fluidly connectable to a source of a mixed liquor and the apparatus for wasting flocculant sludge. A method of separating settled sludge from a clarifier is provided including withdrawing flocculant sludge and withdrawing settled sludge. A method of retrofitting a clarifier is also provided including providing the manifold, the upper header, and the drive mechanism.

Abstract: Methods of treating water having organic contaminants are disclosed. The methods include performing a first treatment on the water effective to oxidize a predetermined amount of the organic contaminant and electrochemically treating the water. The methods include introducing a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) containing reagent into the water, allowing the H2O2 containing reagent to react with the organic contaminant for a reaction time effective to oxidize a predetermined amount of the organic contaminant, and electrochemically treating the water. Systems for treating water are also disclosed. The systems include an electrochemical cell, a source of an H2O2 containing reagent upstream from the electrochemical cell, and a controller operable to regulate a reaction time of the H2O2 containing reagent in the water and a potential applied to the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for neutralizing discharge waters from ballast and/or cooling water biocidal treatment and disinfection systems are provided. The systems utilize oxidation reduction potential control to regulate the dechlorination of a biocidal agent to allowable discharge levels in ship buoyancy systems and ship cooling water systems.

Abstract: A sequencing batch reactor includes a liquid level sensor configured to measure a level of liquid in the vessel and provide an indication of the level of the liquid to a controller and a sludge detector configured to measure a position of an interface between sludge and solids-lean supernatant in the vessel and to provide an indication of the position of the interface to the controller. The controller is configured to perform a comparison between the level of the liquid and the position of the interface and control an amount of solids-lean supernatant removed from the vessel during the decant stage based on the comparison.

Abstract: Electrochemical water treatment devices are disclosed. The device includes an electrochemical separation module fluidly connectable to the source of water to be treated. The electrochemical separation module includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a plurality of dilution compartments. Each of the dilution compartments includes a first region of ion exchange media having a first average particle size, a second region of ion exchange media having a second average particle size, and a third region of ion exchange media having a third average particle size. A volume of the second region of ion exchange media being greater than or equal to a total volume of the first and third regions of ion exchange media. Methods of facilitating treatment of water containing weakly ionized species, e.g., dissolved boron containing species and dissolved silica containing species, are disclosed. Electrochemical separation modules are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material are provided. The methods include cleansing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising a non-ionic detergent. The methods include cleansing the virgin ion exchange resin material with a preparation comprising an alcohol solvent. The methods include rinsing virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water. the methods include introducing the cleansed/rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable vessel and hermetically sealing the vessel. The methods include introducing an oxygen scavenging material into the gas impermeable vessel, and hermetically sealing the vessel. A method of facilitating water treatment in a site in need thereof by providing a cleansed virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water is also disclosed.