Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery that viscosification agents selected from sulfonated and neutralized sulfonated ionomers can be readily incorporated into oil-based drilling muds in the form of an oil soluble concentrate containing the polymer. Thus, one embodiment of the present invention provides an additive concentrate for oil-based drilling muds comprising a drilling oil, especially a low toxicity oil, and from about 5 gm to about 20 gm of sulfonated or neutralized sulfonated polymer per 100 gm of oil. Indeed, oil solutions obtained from the sulfonated and neutralized sulfonated polymers used as viscosification agents are readily incorporated into drilling mud formulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining total reactive sulfur in a crude oil or fraction thereof using a mass spectrometer or gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer. Selecting fragment ions characteristic of reactive sulfur species enables the quantitative determination of total reactive sulfur species. The use of a low resolution mass spectrometer allows the rapid determination of total reactive sulfur in field or remote locations where more sophisticated instruments are not available.

Abstract: A slurry hydrocarbon synthesis process with reduced catalyst attrition is achieved by injecting a synthesis gas comprising a mixture of H.sub.2 and CO up into the reactive slurry with a gas distribution grid having gas injectors horizontally arrayed across, and vertically extending through, an otherwise gas and liquid impervious plate. The injectors have a throat with a gas pressure reducing orifice at one end, which is the bottom and gas entrance end, and the other end opening into an open cone in which the uprising gas contacts the slurry. Flow diverting means in the injectors prevents slurry from entering the throat and being attrited. The gas injectors do not protrude above the top surface of the plate and flat space is eliminated by means such as angular fillers, to prevent solids accumulation top of the tray.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous in-situ process for reducing the viscosity, corrosivity and density of heavy oils comprising the steps of (a) contacting a heavy oil with an anhydrous alkaline earth, Group IIA metal hydroxide and low pressure hydrogen at a temperature of about 380.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the corresponding alkaline earth metal sulfide, recovering the reduced sulfur feed and regenerating the alkaline metal hydroxide for recycle to treat additional feed. Beneficially, the process removes heteroatoms (sulfur and nitrogen).

Abstract: The present invention provides for microporous ceramic materials having a surface area in excess of 70 m.sup.2 /gm and an open microporous cell structure wherein the micropores have a mean width of less than 20 Angstroms and wherein said microporous structure comprises a volume of greater than about 0.03 cm.sup.3 /gm of the ceramic. The invention also provides for a preceramic composite intermediate composition comprising a mixture of a ceramic precursor and finely divided silicon carbide or silicon nitride, whose pyrolysis product in inert atmosphere or in an ammonia atmosphere at temperatures of up to less than about 1100.degree. C. gives rise to the microporous ceramics of the invention. Also provided is a process for the preparation of the microporous ceramics of the invention involving pyrolysis of the ceramic intermediate under controlled conditions of heating up to temperatures of less than 1100.degree. C. to form a microporous ceramic product.

Abstract: High strength steel is produced by a first rolling of a steel composition, reheated above 1100.degree. C., above the austenite recrystallization, a second rolling below the austenite recrystallization temperature, water cooling from above AR.sub.3 to less than 400.degree. C. and followed by tempering below the Ac.sub.1 transformation point.

Abstract: A lube oil composition that inhibits lubricant viscosity increase and dispersancy decrease is described. The composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity and a mixture of specified functionalized derivatives of pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate and amine antioxidants.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contact of the stream under hydrodesulfurization (HDS) conditions with a catalyst system comprising a sulfided, transition metal promoted tungsten/molybdenum HDS catalyst, e.g., Ni/Co--Mo/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and a solid acid catalyst which is effective for the isomerization/disproportionation/transalkylation of alkyl substituted, condensed ring heterocyclic sulfur compounds present in the feedstream, e.g. zeolite or a heteropolyacid compound. Isomerization, disproportionation and transalkylation reactions convert refractory sulfur compounds such as 4- or 4,6-alkyl dibenzothiophenes into corresponding isomers or disproportionated isomers which can be more readily desulfurized by conventional HDS catalysts to H.sub.2 S and other products.

Abstract: A process for selectively removing lower molecular weight naphthenic acids from an acidic crude by treating the crude with a small pore hydrotreating catalyst at temperatures of from about 200.degree. to 370.degree. C. Removing these lower molecular weight naphthenic acids reduces the corrosive nature of acidic crudes.

Abstract: Applicant has discovered a new zeolite containing composition and a process for preparing the same. The composition is unique in that the zeolite crystals making up one layer of the composition pack in a manner such that the composition is essentially continuous with no large scale voids even when the zeolite layer is <10 .mu.m thick. Thus, the present invention is directed toward a composition comprised of a porous substrate and a layer of zeolite crystals wherein said layer of zeolite crystals is a polycrystalline layer with at least 99% of said zeolite crystals having at least one point between adjacent crystals that is .ltoreq.20 .ANG. and wherein at least 90% of said crystals have widths of from about 0.2 to about 100 microns (preferably about 2 to about 50 microns) and wherein at least 75% of said crystals have a thickness of within 20% of the average crystal thickness. Preferably the composition has at most 1 Volume % voids in the zeolite layer. Use of the composition is also described.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for reducing organic acids in petroleum feeds containing organic acids comprising: (a) thermally treating a petroleum feed containing organic acids in a thermal reaction zone comprising a plurality of stages in series, at a temperature and pressure sufficient to decompose at least a portion of said organic acids while sweeping said plurality of stages with an inert gas, to produce a volatile organic acid containing hydrocarbon fraction and a non-volatile hydrocarbon fraction; (b) treating said volatile hydrocarbon fraction to neutralize at least a portion of said organic acids therein and to produce a treated volatile hydrocarbon fraction; (c) collecting said non-volatile hydrocarbon fraction from said thermal reaction zone; and (d) blending said treated volatile hydrocarbon fraction of step (b) with said collected non-volatile hydrocarbon fraction.

Abstract: The invention is a method for enhancing and restoring the friction reduction effectiveness of a lubricating oil comprising adding to the lubricating oil a trinuclear molybdenum sulfur compound selected from the group of trinuclear molybdenum compounds preferably those having the formulas Mo.sub.3 S.sub.7 (dtc).sub.4 and Mo.sub.3 S.sub.4 (dtc).sub.4 and mixtures thereof wherein dtc represents independently selected diorganodithiocarbamate ligands containing independently selected organo groups and wherein the ligands have a sufficient number of carbon atoms among all the organo groups of the compound's ligands are present to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the lubricating oil. The oil may be a fresh or used oil. Concentrates of the composition are also included in the invention.

Abstract: A distillate fuel composition for reducing nickel corrosion in internal combustion engine by contaminants in the motor fuel such as sulfuric acid, alkyl sulfate esters, comprising a motor fuel and a combination of at least one 2,5 dihydrocarbyldithio-1,3,4 thiadiazole of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently H or R.sub.3 S, where R.sub.3 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 16 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is not hydrogen, and an adduct of benzotriazole or tolyltriazole and an amine.

Abstract: A process for converting a Fischer-Tropsch light oil stream to jet fuel by reacting said stream with a hydroisomerization catalyst in a reaction zone where the stream flows countercurrent to upflowing hydrogen-containing treat gas.

Abstract: A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired relating proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the partial oxidation zone of a reactor and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector means, to form a gaseous premix having a pressure drop through the injector. The gaseous premix is injected in a time period which is less than 5 milliseconds, preferably at a velocity between about 25 to 1000 feet/second, into a partial oxidation reaction zone so that the gaseous premix reacts therein, to reduce the amounts of CO.sub.2, H.sub.

Abstract: A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone of a reactor and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector, to form a reactant gaseous premix having a pressure drop through the injector.

Abstract: Very low sulfur content hydrocarbon gas is achieved by sequentially contacting the gas first with zinc oxide and then with nickel metal. This has reduced the total sulfur content of natural gas feed for a fluid bed syngas generator to less than 0.1 ppm and has resulted in greater syngas productivity. A zinc oxide guard bed downstream of the syngas generator reduces the total sulfur content of the syngas to less than 10 vppb and preferably less than 5 vppb. This very low sulfur content syngas is used for sulfur sensitive processes, such as hydrocarbon synthesis. The process is especially useful for natural gas which contains H.sub.2 S, COS, mercaptans and other sulfur bearing compounds.

Abstract: A process for converting Fischer-Tropsch wax streams to lubricants by reacting said stream with a dewaxing catalyst in a reaction zone where the stream flows countercurrent to upflowing hydrogen-containing treat gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a latex comprising water and a layered material intercalated with a polymer. The invention also relates to a nanocomposite material comprising a layered material intercalated with a polymer. The latex can be produced by forming a dispersion of layered material in water, adding surfactant, polymerizable monomer or monomers, and a polymerization initiator to the mixture and then polymerizing the monomer to form a latex. The latex can also be formed from preformed polymers. Composite materials formed from latexes produced by either method have improved mechanical properties and reduced air permeability.

Abstract: A two-stage process for obtaining a substantial amount of olefinic product from a residua feedstock. The first stage is comprised of a thermal process unit containing a reaction zone comprised of a horizontal moving bed of fluidized hot particles operated at temperatures from about 500.degree. to 600.degree. C. and having a short vapor residence time, and the second stage thermal conversion zone operated at a temperature of about 700.degree. C. to about 1100.degree. C., and also having a short vapor residence time.