Abstract: Yarns of balanced low tensile characteristics, especially low tensile factor (TE.sup.1/2) are produced in high speed spinning (e.g. greater than 10000 fpm) operations including an annealing stage by process control, particularly inverse spinning temperatures for given yarn. Polyethylene terephthalate yarns of balanced tensile characteristics and tensile factor of as little as 15-17 are prepared directly from a spin draw line at maximum productivity.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for cutting material such as filamentary tows into predetermined lengths comprising (a) a cutting assembly including a plurality of spaced apart knife edges secured to a mounting member at equal radial distances from a point on said mounting member thereby forming a reel, each of said radial distances in every instance being less than the distance from said point to the periphery of said mounting member; (b) said cutting assembly having means adapted to receive successive wrappings of material to be cut in contact with a plurality of said knife edges so that no relative movement occurs between said material and said knife edges longitudinally of said material; and (c) means for forcing said material between adjacent knife edges thereby severing said material into lengths of controlled dimensions, wherein the improvement comprises: means for preventing at least most of said knives from moving in a direction longitudinal of said knife edges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and product for directly producing a latent heat-bulkable yarn from the same polymer composition in the same spinning process. The self-crimping yarn is produced from polyethylene terephthalate compositions which are melt spun at high speeds to form a plurality of spin oriented filaments. The filaments are divided in the spinning column into at least two groups and the two groups of filaments are subjected to different heat conditions, recombined, and taken up as a fully drawn yarn. The high spinning speed and differential heat treatment are selected to produce highly spin oriented yarn of relatively high spun birefringence with the conditions of spinning speed and heat treatment being controlled to produce a desired shrinkage differential between the two groups of filaments of up to 60 percent.

Abstract: A textile or textile-like polyester element having improved adhesion to rubber and being characterized by a high surface energy, a chemically unmodified surface and a coating which is a crystallizing agent for the polyester substrate.

Abstract: A novel polyester is provided which has been found to exhibit an anisotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it readily to undergo melt processing to form quality fibers, molded articles, etc. The polyester of the present invention is different in character than polyesters of the prior art and includes as essential ingredients moieties derived from para-hydroxy benzoic acid, 1,2-bis(para-carboxy phenoxy)ethane, terephthalic acid, and substituted hydroquinone in the proportions indicated. The polyester of the present invention generally can be more economically produced than polyesters of the latter three moieties (two of which are relatively expensive) while surprisingly yielding an anisotropic melt of relatively low viscosity at a desirable temperature for melt processing in spite of the substantial concentration of relatively stiff para-oxybenzoyl moieties which contribute to the overall nature of the resulting polyester.

Abstract: A novel polyester is provided which has been found to exhibit an anisotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it readily to undergo melt processing to form quality fibers, molded articles, etc. The polyester of the present invention is different in character than polyesters of the prior art and includes as essential ingredients moieties derived from para-hydroxy benzoic acid, 1,2-bis(para-carboxy phenoxy)ethane, terephthalic acid, and unsubstituted hydroquinone in the proportions indicated. The polyester of the present invention can be produced on a relatively economical basis and has been found capable of yielding an anisotropic melt of relatively low viscosity at a desirable temperature for melt processing. In a preferred embodiment the polyester is capable of undergoing melt processing at a temperature below approximately 300.degree. C., and in a particularly preferred embodiment at a temperature below approximately 290.degree. C. (e.g.

Abstract: A method for producing ingrain spun-like yarn simulating a blended staple yarn is described wherein continuous filament yarn is produced which has characteristics similar to blended staple spun yarns. Fabrics made from the yarns described herein provide a fine grained heather appearance without the normal moire or plaiting effect seen in previous ingrain continuous filament yarn fabrics. The unusual continuous filament yarn described herein is made by a texturing process which involves the combination of two or more differently dyeable continuous synthetic yarns which are false twist textured followed by overfeeding to an air bulking means. The preferred method utilizes false twist texturing of synthetic filaments such as polyester, nylon, cellulose acetate or cellulose triacetate and mixtures thereof wherein two differently dyeable yarns are combined with an air bulking jet interposed to act on the false twist textured yarn while it has a high residual torque and subsequently decaying said torque.

Abstract: A selfbonded nonwoven fabric comprising at least 70 weight percent of sheath/core heterofilaments having a core of isotactic polypropylene in which the sheaths are high density polyethylene in an amount of 5 to 30 weight percent of the heterofilaments, and method of preparation. The fabrics have outstanding strength, fatigue resistance, and tear resistance and are eminently suitable for civil engineering applications such as unpaved road underlay material.

Abstract: Conductive thermoplastic sheath/core filaments having a reflectivity greater than 8 percent in the undelustered filament and fiber blends containing at least some of said conductive filaments. The sheath/core filament employs as a core a thermoplastic polymer having dispersed therein a material selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, cuprous iodide, colloidal silver and colloidal graphite. The conductive filament when blended with nonconductive filaments is found to have utility as face yarns in pile fabrics.

Abstract: A slit extrusion die with a modified entry port which allows extrusion of a low denier tape at high draw down ratios is disclosed. The die has an entry port wherein the depth of the slit is greater at both ends than at the middle by an amount equal to 0.1 to 0.4 times the length of the slit.

Abstract: A low denier, high tenacity poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibrillated tape yarn particularly suited for conversion into a sewing thread which exhibits excellent sewing performance is produced by intimately mixing poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer with from about 0.1 to 20 percent polypropylene based on the weight of poly(ethylene terephthalate), extruding the polymer mixture in the form of a tape through a slit die having a modified entry port wherein the depth of the slit is greater at both ends than at the middle, at a melt draw down of from about 26:1 to about 75:1, quenching said tape, hot drawing said tape in two stages wherein said tape is initially hot drawn to a draw ratio of from about 3.3 to about 4.2 while being subjected to a temperature of from about 80 to about 140 degree centigrade, thereafter hot drawing to a total draw ratio of about 5.0 while heated to a temperature about 160 degrees and thereafter subjecting the tape to fibrillation.

Abstract: There is provided an improved heating apparatus of the multiple condensing-vapor substantially air-free type used for uniformly heating moving threadlines of yarn up to 350.degree. C. and which includes a pressurized boiler containing a vaporizable liquid, means for heating the liquid in the boiler to generate hot vapor, means for distributing the hot vapor to the inside of multiple plates where the vapor condenses and thereby heats threadlines of yarn separately moved in frictional contact witn an outer yarn-contacting surface of each hot plate, and possibly means for returning the condensate to the boiler, wherein the improvement comprises having a coating on the inside surface of each said hot plate, said coating having a contact angle with said vaporizable liquid of at least 90.degree..

Abstract: There is provided an improved heating apparatus of the multiple condensing-vapor substantially air-free type used for uniformly heating moving threadlines of yarn up to 350.degree. C. and which includes a pressurized boiler containing a vaporizable liquid, means for heating the liquid in the boiler to generate hot vapor, means for distributing the hot vapor to the inside of multiple plates where the vapor condenses and thereby heats threadlines of yarn separately moved in frictional contact with an outer yarn-contacting surface of each hot plate, and possibly means for returning the condensate to the boiler, wherein the improvement comprises having a coating on the inside surface of each said hot plate, said coating having a contact angle with said vaporizable liquid of at least 90.degree..

Abstract: A method for producing a spun-like yarn simulating a staple yarn is described wherein continuous filament yarn is produced which has characteristics similar to a staple spun yarn. The unusual continuous filament yarn produced is made by a texturing process which involves the crimping of a continuous synthetic yarn followed by overfeeding to an air bulking means and then to heat setting means. The preferred method utilizes false twist texturing of synthetic filaments such as polyester, nylon, cellulose acetate or cellulose triacetate and mixtures thereof with an air bulking jet interposed to act on the false twist textured yarn while it has a high residual torque and subsequently decaying said torque.

Abstract: A continuous, carrierless dyeable polyester fiber and the process for its preparation is set forth. The fiber is produced from a polymer obtained by producing a melt blend system comprising a homogenous blend of (a) not less than 78 percent by weight of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymerized with major amounts of a dicarboxylic acid other than terephthalic acid and (b) minor amounts, that is to say, quantities less than that of said dicarboxylic acid, of a homopolymer selected from the group consisting of poly(trimethylene terephthalate), poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), poly(pentamethylene terephthalate), poly(hexamethylene terephthalate), poly(heptamethylene terephthalate), poly(octamethylene terephthalate), poly(nonamethylene terephthalate) and poly(decamethylene terephthalate).

Abstract: A method for producing ingrain spun-like yarn simulating a blended staple yarn is described wherein continuous filament yarn is produced which has characteristics similar to blended staple spun yarns. Fabrics made from the yarns described herein provide a fine grained heather appearance without the normal moire or plaiting effect seen in previous ingrain continuous filament yarn fabrics. The unusual continuous filament yarn described herein is made by a texturing process which involves the combination of two or more differently dyeable continuous synthetic yarns which are false twist textured followed by overfeeding to an air bulking means. The preferred method utilizes false twist texturing of synthetic filaments such as polyester, nylon, cellulose acetate or cellulose triacetate and mixtures thereof wherein two differently dyeable yarns are combined with an air bulking jet interposed to act on the false twist textured yarn while it has a high residual torque and subsequently decaying said torque.

Abstract: A resilient drawn polyester textile fiber comprised of at least 50 mol percent of poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) with a bending recovery of at least 55 percent and a toughness of at least 0.75 grams/denier is provided. This fiber, which preferably consists essentially of 100 mol percent poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) and has an initial modulus of less than 350 k.g./mm.sup.2 and a tensile factor of at least about 21, is especially useful in pile fabrics.

Abstract: The total weight of fibrous material delivered to a packaging device, such as staple textile fiber delivered to a baling press, is controlled so as to facilitate achieving more uniform package weight in accordance with a method and through the use of an apparatus in which material is successively accumulated into batches, each of which is a fractional portion of a desired package weight. Batches are accumulated and released as the actual weight of each delivered batch is determined and registered and the registered actual weights of the successive batches are totaled. The weight of at least certain batches in the succession is then adjusted in such a manner as to closely control the total weight. A weigh container having an inlet and an outlet is interposed between and operatively communicates with a source of supply of fibrous material, such as a tow cutter, and a packaging device, such as a baling press. A load cell is provided which signals the weight of material supported by the weigh container.

Abstract: A low denier, high tenacity poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibrillated tape yarn particularly suited for conversion into a sewing thread which exhibits excellent sewing performance is produced by intimately mixing poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer with from about 0.1 to 20 percent polypropylene based on the weight of poly(ethylene terephthalate), extruding the polymer mixture in the form of a tape through a slit die having a modified entry port wherein the depth of the slit is greater at both ends than at the middle, at a melt draw down of from about 26:1 to about 75:1, quenching said tape, hot drawing said tape in two stages wherein said tape is initially hot drawn to a draw ratio of from about 3.3 to about 4.2 while being subjected to a temperature of from about 80.degree. to about 140.degree. centigrade, thereafter hot drawing to a total draw ratio of about 5.0 while heated to a temperature about 160.degree. and thereafter subjecting the tape to fibrillation.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing high molecular weight polyester of fiber-forming quality is described. The process includes the direct esterification of a dicarboxylic acid with a glycol to yield a prepolymer mixture of ester and low molecular weight polyester condensable under conditions of elevated temperature and vacuum into polymer of high intrinsic viscosity.