Abstract: The invention concerns a maser having an electromagnetic resonant circuit comprising a pick-up coil, a capacitance and a filter coil, an active medium of organic or maser-capable molecules in the pick-up coil as well as a population inversion device for generating a population inversion in the active medium.

Abstract: A method of producing 5-ketofructose using an acetic acid bacterium which is genetically modified to express a fructose dehydrogenase as well as to microorganisms which can be used in said method.

Abstract: A method for generating a structured surface on a substrate includes analyzing a substrate surface of the substrate and selecting, as a function of a condition of the substrate surface, method parameters including focus diameter, pulse peak power, pulse energy, point spacing, pulse length, pulse spacing and/or pulse sequence. The method further includes generating, by partial ablation and partial deposition via treatment with an intensive pulsed laser beam, surface structures having dimensions in the sub-micrometer range such that a multi-scale surface structure in the sub-micrometer and micrometer range adapted to intrinsically inhomogeneous properties of the substrate surface in the sub-micrometer range is generated. The substrate is an inhomogeneous substrate.

Abstract: The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing a coil having advantageous properties for an oscillating circuit, in particular for a measuring device for electromagnetic signals. This problem is solved in that the coil comprises an electric conductor, the ends of which form the two terminals of the coil. Wound sections of the electric conductor are twisted together, that is to say wound helically around one another. The electric conductor is in principle surrounded by insulation, for example made of plastic or varnish. As a result of the twisting, increases in spacing between adjacent conductor sections within the windings are achieved. This results in an improved quality of the coil.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a magnetic tunnel diode and a magnetic tunnel transistor. The magnetic tunnel diode may include two terminals for connecting to an electrical circuit as well as a tunnel junction. The magnetic tunnel transistor may include three terminals for connecting to an electrical circuit as well as a layer arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for ascertaining the overvoltage of a working electrode in a fuel cell, in which the potential of a reference electrode compared to the grounded counter electrode is measured. For the measurement, a fuel cell comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane is used, in which the counter electrode comprises a lateral edge having at least one convexly curved region, and the electrolyte membrane surface, adjoining the counter electrode, comprises an electrode-free region in which the reference electrode is disposed on the electrolyte membrane surface. In contrast, the working electrode is continuous, which is to say has a large surface.

Abstract: A device that suppresses a pathological synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity, and includes a non-invasive stimulation unit implantable in a patient, for stimulation, using electrical and/or optical stimuli, of neurons in the patient's brain and/or spinal cord, where those neurons are showing pathologically synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity, and the stimuli are deigned to suppress are this activity when administered to the patient. Moreover, a measuring unit records measurement signals reflecting the neuron activity of the stimulated neurons and a control and analysis unit controls the stimulation unit to administer stimuli, check the success of stimulation based on the measurement, and, if the stimulation success is not sufficient, insert one or more stimulation breaks in the application of the stimuli or extend one or more stimulation breaks, where no stimuli that could suppress the pathological synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity are applied during the stimulation breaks.

Abstract: A SiPM sensor chip with a plurality of pixels includes a photodiode; a quench resistor; and a current divider configured to divide the photocurrent of the photodiodes into two currents of equal size. The current divider Sq,nm or Snm lead to networks NS,h,n and NS,V,m, each of which leads to additional current dividers Sh,n and Sv m having coding resistors Rh,A,n and Rh,B,n, and Rv,c,m and Rv D m, which are linearly coded and which lead to output channels A, B, C, D, with these sensor features being integrated into the sensor chip. The networks Ns,h,n and/or NSiVlm each lead to a summation network Oh and/or Ov, in which the signals of the networks Ns,h,n and/or NS,v,m are merged via summation resistors Rs,h,n and Rs,v,m, respectively, and lead to the output channels E and/or F.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a device for generating charged particle beams with tunable orbital angular momentum. The device firstly includes one or more components for providing a charged particle beam. It is further characterized by an electrical arrangement for imparting a tunable orbital angular momentum to the charged particle beam during operation. The orbital angular momentum of the produced charged particle vortex beam is tunable by adjusting the amount of electrical current. The chirality of the produced charged particle vortex beam is switchable by reversing the direction of the electrical current. The generation of the charged particle vortex beam from the present invention does not depend on the energy of the charged particle beams. The generation of the charged particle vortex beams from the present invention is predictable and reproducible.

Abstract: Transferring graphene pieces onto a substrate, by the following steps: a) selecting a substrate comprising a plurality of placeholders for the graphene pieces; b) disposing and aligning the substrate on a substrate holder in a chamber; c) selecting a transfer layer having openings as placeholders for the graphene pieces; d) disposing and aligning the transfer layer on the substrate holder over the substrate so that the openings of the transfer layer are aligned over the placeholders on the substrate; e) adding liquid to the chamber to above the transfer layer, and raising the transfer layer on the liquid column; f) introducing graphene pieces onto the liquid film in the openings of the transfer layer; and g) reducing the distance between the substrate and the graphene pieces until the graphene pieces are disposed on the placeholders of the substrate. A substrate and a device for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope includes a tip. A quantum dot is applied to the tip.

Abstract: A method for preparing electrolyte material having a NASICON structure, based on a Na3+xScxZr2?x(SiO4)2(PO4) compound where 0?x<2. The method includes providing an acidic, aqueous solution which, according to a desired stoichiometry, comprises sodium, scandium and zirconium in the form of water-soluble nitrates, acetates or carbonates, and soluble silicates or orthosilicic acids or organic silicon compounds in dissolved form; subsequently adding phosphoric acid or ammonium dihydrogenphosphate or other soluble phosphates, according to the desired stoichiometry, complex zirconium dioxide phosphates forming as colloidal precipitations; and subsequently drying and calcining the mixture.

Abstract: A method for producing an ink includes providing nanoparticles having a size of 0.1 to 20 nm maximum by wet milling using a solvent and covalently bonding, by means of a coupling reaction, short-chain, branched organic stabilizer molecules to the surface of the nanoparticles. The method additionally includes absorbing the stabilized nanoparticles in a solvent for producing the ink and dispersing the stabilized nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring apparatus for detecting weak electromagnetic signals from a sample at low frequencies, specifically in the frequency range of 1 kHz-10 MHz, in particular, and to a measuring method. The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing an apparatus which can be used to detect weak electromagnetic signals from a sample, in particular in the frequency range of 1 kHz-40 MHz, with a good signal-to-noise ratio. For the solution, the measuring apparatus comprises an electromagnetic resonant circuit having a pick-up coil of low quality, a preferably tunable capacitance and a filter coil; the filter coil and the capacitance have a high quality of at least 100, advantageously at least 200, particularly preferably at least 500. Alternatively or additionally, the quality of the resonant circuit is at least 100, advantageously at least 200, particularly preferably at least 500.

Abstract: A method for photosensor signal processing includes carrying out, by measuring a combination of readout channels of a direction e with linearly increasing and linearly decreasing signal strength, a linear coding in at least one e-direction. The linearly increasing and linearly decreasing signal strengths of readout channels of the direction e, which are respectively used for the linear coding, are multiplied by each other. The linear coding satisfies the following edge condition: Q1(e)=c1·ec2+c3, Q2(e)=c4·ec5+c6, c1=const. ?(0, ?), c4=const. ?(??, 0), c3, c6=const. ?(??, ?), and 0.5<c2; c5<1.5. Q1 denotes the charge of the output channel signal strengths increasing via the e-position, and Q2 denotes the charge of the output channel signal strengths decreasing via the e-position and the coding direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter circuit which, on the hardware level, prevents charge transfers caused by one or more currents in a frequency divider (200) from generating an interference signal that can cause a signal distortion at the output of a current-to-voltage converter (300) belonging to a filter circuit. This signal distortion would otherwise have to be removed by means of laborious post-processing of the signal. In this process, the voltage curve at the input of the frequency divider (200) or the current at the second output of the frequency divider (200) are employed so that, by means of a compensation circuit arrangement, it is possible to model a compensation signal that essentially compensates for an interference signal caused by the charge transfers. The invention also relates to an associated method.

Abstract: A device for applying a constant magnetic field to a volume of interest (VOI) has been developed. At least one magnetic field source and a permeable yoke, which guides the magnetic flux generated by this magnetic field source into the volume of interest (VOI). The yoke is guided through at least one closed conductor loop, which can be switched to the superconducting state so that, in the superconducting state of the conductor loop, a change in the flux through the yoke effects a current counteracting this change along the conductor loop. It has been identified that, in this way, the stabilizer for the magnetic field can be spaced so far apart from the volume of interest (VOI) that the field distribution in this volume is virtually no longer influenced. At the same time, the quality of the stabilization is also improved, since the conductor loop is no longer exposed to the entire magnetic field prevailing in the volume of interest (VOI).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a metal or ceramic component having regions of differing porosities. The method includes subjecting powder or a presintered precursor to a pressure-assisted pressing and sintering step, using at least one punch for the pressing step. The at least one punch has a contact surface that is intended for making contact with the powder or the presintered precursor and that has a flat outer region and an inner region having a concave recess. After the sintering step, a component is obtained that has a flat outer compacted region having a first porosity and an inner porous region having a second porosity. The component has, on at least one side, a defined transition region between the outer region and the inner region.

Abstract: A lyase has an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 and 3, wherein the amino acid isoleucine in position no. 468 in the protein ApPDC-E469G, which is modified with respect to the wild type from Acetobacter pasteurianus, is replaced by an amino acid which occupies less space than isoleucine.

Abstract: The invention concerns a scintillation detector with which high count rates and/or high resolutions are possible. The scintillator of the claimed scintillation detector is formed from pixels (2), which are separated from each other by interstices (4). Alternatively or additionally, the surface of the scintillator is divided by grooves into pixels (2). Such a structure enables not only a particularly high resolution. When multiple detector modules are used, it also allows high count rates in the range of roughly 20 MHz.