Abstract: An article for controlling the attachment and growth of cells on a surface of the article, and a method for the use of the article is provided. The article comprises a substratum having a surface and a film on the surface, the film comprising a network of a net positively charged composition and a net negatively charged composition, wherein the net positively charged composition comprises a net positively charged polyelectrolyte or the net negatively charged composition comprises a net negatively charged polyelectrolyte, and the net positively charged polyelectrolyte or the net negatively charged polyelectrolyte contain (i) a polymer repeat unit having at least two fluorine atoms, or (ii) a polymer repeat unit having a zwitterion group. The method comprises contacting the article with living tissue, living organisms, or with water in an aqueous system comprising living organisms.

Abstract: A first fuel charge having low reactivity (low cetane number) is injected into a rotary engine, such as a Wankel engine, sufficiently early during the intake stroke that a subsequent higher-reactivity injected fuel charge forms one or more stratified high-reactivity regions within the engine chamber. Compression ignition then begins at the high-reactivity regions and propagates to the lower-reactivity regions. Appropriate choice of the timings, quantities, and other parameters of the injections can allow control of the timing and rate of combustion, such that work output can be maximized, unburned fuel can be minimized, and chamber temperature can be controlled to reduce heat losses and NOx emissions. As a result, rotary engine efficiency can be enhanced while emissions are reduced. Since the invention can be implemented in a lightweight and compact rotary engine, it is well suited for use in hybrid and compact vehicles.

Abstract: Electronic devices for the generation of electromagnetic radiation are provided. Also provided are methods for using the devices to generate electromagnetic radiation. The radiation sources include an anisotropic electrically conducting thin film that is characterized by a periodically varying charge carrier mobility in the plane of the film. The periodic variation in carrier mobility gives rise to a spatially varying electric field, which produces electromagnetic radiation as charged particles pass through the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides continuous, free-standing metal oxide films and methods for making said films. The methods are able to produce large-area, flexible, thin films having one or more continuous, single-crystalline metal oxide domains. The methods include the steps of forming a surfactant monolayer at the surface of an aqueous solution, wherein the headgroups of the surfactant molecules provide a metal oxide film growth template. When metal ions in the aqueous solution are exposed to the metal oxide film growth template in the presence of hydroxide ions under suitable conditions, a continuous, free-standing metal oxide film can be grown from the film growth template downward into the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a reducing method of carbon dioxide using sunlight and hydrogen, and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound having the structure wherein R1 is H, wherein n and q are independently an integer from 0 to 8; A is absent or present and when present is wherein m is an integer from 0 to 8; R3 is an amino, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, diol, piperazine, morpholine, piperidine, triazole, azide or biphenyl, each with or without substitution, branched or unbranched, or and R4 is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each with or without substitution, branched or unbranched, R2 is H, CH3, or alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, pyrrole, diazole, or triazole, each with or without substitution, branched or unbranched, or wherein n and q are independently an integer from 0 to 8; A is absent or present and when present is and R6 is azide, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, biphenyl, substituted phenyl, substituted triazole, or alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, with or without substitution, branched or unbranched, when R1 is H then R2 is other than H or CH3, and

Abstract: This invention relates to soluble forms of G glycoprotein from Hendra and Nipah virus. In particular, this invention relates to compositions comprising soluble forms of G glycoprotein from Hendra and Nipah virus and also to diagnostic and therapeutic methods using the soluble forms of G glycoprotein from Hendra and Nipah virus. Further, the invention relates to therapeutic antibodies including neutralizing antibodies, and vaccines for the prevention and treatment of infection by Hendra and Nipah viruses.

Abstract: Disclosed are a microstrip transmission line having a common defected ground structure (DGS) and a wireless circuit apparatus having the same. The microstrip transmission line realizes a common defected ground structure (DGS) and a double microstrip structure, and includes: a first dielectric layer; a first signal line pattern formed on a first surface of the first dielectric layer; a common ground conductive layer formed on a second surface of the first dielectric layer and having a defected ground structure, the first surface facing the second surface; a second dielectric layer having a first surface brought into contact with the common ground conductive layer, and facing the first dielectric layer while interposing the common ground conductive layer between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; and a second signal line pattern formed on a second surface of the second dielectric layer, the first surface facing the second surface.

Abstract: In a data storage and retrieval system wherein data arranged in nodes is stored and retrieved in pages, each page comprising a cluster of nodes, a method comprising: monitoring ongoing data retrieval to find retrieval patterns of nodes which are retrieved together and to identify changes in said retrieval patterns over time; and periodically reclustering the data nodes among said pages dynamically during usage of the data to reflect said changes, so that nodes more often retrieved together are migrated to cluster together and nodes more often required separately are migrated to cluster separately, thereby to keep small an overall number of page accesses of said data storage and retrieval system during data retrieval despite dynamic changes in patterns of data retrieval. The low number of page accesses allows the reclustering to be carried out concurrently with data access.

Abstract: The invention described herein pertains to the treatment of multiple sclerosis. In particular, the invention described herein pertains to the treatment of multiple sclerosis using compounds that modulate the action of acrolein.

Abstract: A composition for diagnosing, treating, and preventing liver disease, more particularly a composition for diagnosing liver disease comprising a material for measuring the grade of TM4SF5 (transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 or four-transmembrane L6 superfamily member 5) protein, a kit for diagnosing liver disease comprising the composition, a method for providing information necessary for diagnosing liver disease composed of the following steps: measuring the level of TM4SF5 protein and the expressions and phosphorylations of TM4SF5 expression related signaling proteins; and comparing the measured levels with those of the normal control, a method for screening a material for treating liver disease, and a composition for treating or preventing liver disease comprising a material inhibiting TM4SF5 protein expression or the expressions and phosphorylations of TM4SF5 expression related signaling proteins.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds, compositions and methods for modulating the expression of huntingtin in a cell, tissue or animal. Further provided are methods of slowing or preventing Huntington's disease progression using an antisense compound targeted to huntingtin. Additionally provided are methods of delaying or preventing the onset of Huntingtin's disease in an individual susceptible to Huntingtin's Disease. Also provided are uses of disclosed compounds and compositions in the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of diseases and disorders.

Abstract: A robot uses a multi-output differential gear to generate outputs. The robot includes a driver; a differential gear configured to receive a driving power from the driver, and to drive in an interlocked manner with the driving power to generate at least three outputs differentiated from the driving power; and a motion section configured to drive in an interlocked manner with an output generated from the differential gear, and to apply an external resistance to the differential gear.

Abstract: A contact type tactile feedback apparatus and operational method of the contact type tactile feedback apparatus is provided. The contact type tactile feedback apparatus may enable an object to be in close contact with a power feedback portion to transfer a power sensed by a sensor, using a fixing portion, thereby enabling the object to recognize the power, intuitively.

Abstract: Provided are a nonvolatile memory device and a deduplication method thereof. The nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of data storages written in a unit of data block; and a storage controller dividing write-requested data in a unit of data block to generate a plurality of data blocks, determining whether each of predetermined data blocks from among the plurality of data blocks is duplicated, generating parity data with reference to non-duplicated data blocks from among the predetermined data blocks, and controlling the plurality of data storages such that the parity data and the non-duplicated data blocks are written into at least one of the plurality of data storages. Since a deduplication operation is performed before generating parity data to assure reliability of data, the number of write operations is reduced and restoration probability of the nonvolatile memory device increases.

Abstract: Semiconductor lasers comprise a substrate; an active layer configured to generate transverse magnetic (TM) polarized light under an electrical bias; an upper cladding layer; a lower cladding layer; and a distributed feedback (DFB) grating defined by the interface of a layer of metal and a layer of semiconductor under the layer of metal, the interface periodically corrugated in the longitudinal direction of the laser with a periodicity of ?DFB=m?/(2neff), wherein m>1. The DFB grating is configured such that loss of one or more antisymmetric longitudinal modes of the laser structure via absorption to the DFB grating is sufficiently maximized so as to produce lasing of a symmetric longitudinal mode of the laser with laser emission characterized by a single-lobe beam along each direction defined by the grating diffraction orders corresponding to emission away from the plane of the grating.

Abstract: A DNA polymerase (Neq DNA polymerase) derived from Nanoarchaeum equitans is split into Neq L and Neq S fragments, each of which contains inteins. A Neq hot-start (HS) DNA polymerase in which the inteins of the Neq L and Neq S fragments are linked with each other is provided in the form of a precursor of Neq DNA polymerase. A purification method can be significantly improved by inserting a His-tag sequence composed of six histidine residues between the inteins of the Neq L and Neq S fragments at a gene level. As a result of effort to enhance PCR efficiency of the Neq HS DNA polymerase, a gene coding for the Neq HS DNA polymerase is mutated at specific positions to screen mutant Neq HS polymerases (M1, M2, and M3) having a highly improved PCR amplification rate and amplification level.

Abstract: Provided herein is a metal chalcogenide thin film and a method for preparing the metal chalcogenide thin film, the method including forming a metal layer on a substrate; and forming a metal chalcogenide thin film by inserting the substrate into a chamber for low temperature vapor deposition, injecting a gas containing chalcogen atoms and an argon gas into the chamber, generating a plasma such that chalcogen atoms decomposed by the plasma chemically combine with metal atoms constituting the metal layer to form the metal chalcogenide thin film.

Abstract: ‘Gator Glory’ is a new coleus plant distinguished by having bold orange leaves trimmed in bright yellow, novel growth habit, and desirable late-flowering characteristics, as disclosed.

Abstract: In the data transmission method, a MAC layer receives data from an upper layer, classifies the data according to destination addresses and traffic identifiers, aggregates the data by destination address and traffic identifier as a first transmission unit, aggregates the first transmission units having the identical destination address as a second transmission unit, and transmits the second transmission units having different destination addresses in a single frame. The data transmission method allows packets transferred from the upper layer to be hierarchically aggregated by DAs and TIDs and then packaged into a data unit for each destination such that it is possible to transmit the data at an optimal data rate for each destination terminal.