Abstract: An oxidative homocoupling method of synthesizing certain 2,2?-bithiophenes from thiophenes using oxygen as the terminal oxidant is disclosed. In non-limiting examples, the method uses oxygen along with a catalytic system that includes palladium, an assistive ligand, and a non-palladium metal additive to catalyze one of the following reactions: Associated catalytic systems and compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system for on-the-go soil nitrate level sensing, and optionally using the sensing to inform or instruct nitrogen fertilizer application across the field. In one form, the apparatus includes a soil sensing tool which carries a diamond ATR cell in combination with an FTIR field ruggedized spectrometer. The optical surface of the diamond ATR cell can be adjusted in pitch and depth to the soil. A processor is programmed to manipulate acquired spectra to derive a prediction of nitrate level for a given soil position in the field. This can be used to modulate a fertilizer applicator operation or coupled with georeference data collected simultaneously to generate a map of soil nitrate levels for the field, which can be used as a prescription for nitrogen fertilizer application.

Abstract: Transfer of nanoscale elements from a substrate on which they were manufactured or transferred to a flexible sheet may be performed by local and progressive deformation of the flexible sheet over the surface of the substrate to attach and lift the nanoscale elements from the substrate with controlled inter-element registration.

Abstract: Methods of making solid-state semiconducting films. The methods include forming a mixture by mixing at least two monomers in a pre-determined proportion such that at least one of the at least two monomers contains at least one non-conjugation spacer. Polymerization of the mixture is achieved by reacting the monomers with one another resulting in a solid state polymer which is then purified. The purified solid state polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent to form a homogenous solution which is then deposited onto a substrate, forming a solid-state semiconducting film by evaporating the solvent. Alternatively, the purified solid state polymer is deposited onto a substrate and heated to form a liquid melt, and cooling the liquid melt results in a solid state semiconducting thin film. Also, films comprising a semiconducting polymer composition containing a minimum of one non-conjugation spacer and devices comprising such films.

Abstract: A sensor system comprising a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)-based capacitive floating element shear stress sensor, the associated packaging, and the interface circuitry required for operation as an instrumentation-grade sensing system is disclosed herein. One implementation of the interface circuitry is an analog synchronous modulation/demodulation scheme enabling time-resolved measurements of both mean and dynamic wall shear stress events, where a modulation section couples to the sensor for sensing wall shear stress at the surface of an object in a fluid and generates at least one bias signal from the sensor output signal. In response to the bias signal, a demodulation control circuit adjusts the phase of the bias signal and generates a demodulation control signal from the phase adjusted signal. Consequently, in response to the demodulation control signal, a demodulation section synchronizes the rectification of the sensor output signal, while the phase information is maintained.

Abstract: A reflection phase microscope is disclosed. The reflection phase microscope includes: a light source unit irradiating light; a polarization beam splitter splitting the light irradiated from the light source unit into a sample beam and a reference beam; a sample unit reflecting the sample beam toward the polarization beam splitter; a reference mirror reflecting the reference beam toward the polarization beam splitter; a scanning mirror adjusting the angle of incidence of the light from the light source unit on the polarization beam splitter such that the angle of incidence of the sample beam on the sample unit and the angle of incidence of the reference beam on the reference mirror are adjusted; a diffraction grating diffracting the sample beam reflected by the sample unit and the reference beam reflected by the reference mirror; and an image acquisition unit receiving the beams diffracted by the diffraction grating.

Abstract: A multiple band phase shifter includes a first dielectric layer, a conductive layer, a second dielectric layer, and for each central operating frequency of a plurality of central operating frequencies, a switch, a plurality of vias, and a conducting pattern layer. Each via is formed of a conductive material that extends through the first dielectric layer, through a third dielectric material formed in and through the conductive layer, and through the second dielectric layer and is connected to a first throw arm or a second throw arm of the switch. The conducting pattern layer includes conductors electrically connected to a distinct via. An electric polarization of a reflected electromagnetic wave is rotated by 90 degrees when the switch is positioned in the first conducting position and the electric polarization of the reflected electromagnetic wave is rotated by ?90 degrees when the switch is positioned in the second conducting position.

Abstract: A near infrared light sensor includes a 2D material semiconductor layer on a substrate, a tunneling layer on the 2D material semiconductor layer, and first and second electrodes on opposite edge regions of an upper surface of the tunneling layer. The 2D material semiconductor layer may be a TMDC layer having a thickness in a range of about 10 nm to about 100 nm. The tunneling layer and the substrate may each include hBN.

Abstract: Described herein are bioaerosol detection systems and methods of use.

Abstract: Embodiments provide, among other compounds, a family of compounds that can be used as therapeutic anti-cancer agents, methods for using such compounds to treat cancer, and methods of making such compounds.

Abstract: A method for visualization of conjunctival cells using fluoroquinolone antibiotics and a method for diagnosis of ocular lesions using the same. The method for visualization of conjunctival cells using fluoroquinolone antibiotics includes staining goblet cells of ocular conjunctiva with moxifloxacin, which is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, and exciting the stained goblet cells with single photons in the near-UV region or in the visible region, followed by fluorescence photographing of the goblet cells, thereby enabling acquisition of morphological information on living tissue without damage to or destruction of the ocular conjunctiva.

Abstract: Provided is a light emitting diode. The light emitting diode includes a substrate, a first semiconductor layer on the substrate, an active layer on the first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer on the active layer, and a conductor passing through the second semiconductor layer and the active layer to contact the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A method of measuring an interaction force includes: generating feature maps corresponding to a plurality of sequential images; generating pooling maps respectively corresponding to feature map groups including a predetermined number of feature maps among the feature maps; generating attention maps corresponding to the pooling maps; and sequentially receiving feature maps modified based on the attention maps and outputting interaction force information.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element comprising a compound represented by Formula 1, a piezoelectric device including the piezoelectric element, a vibration module including the piezoelectric device, and a display apparatus including the piezoelectric device are provided, where (1-x)(LizNa0.5-zK0.5)(Nb1-ySby)O3.xCaZrO3??[Formula 1] where x, y, and z have a range of 0.001?x?0.2, a range of 0?y?0.5, and a range of 0?z?0.2, respectively.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in assessing concentrations of analytes in an environment using a diamond-containing carbon electrode. For example, methods and materials for using FSCV or paired pulse voltammetry to discriminate analytes based on their adsorption characteristics to a diamond-containing carbon electrode are described herein.

Abstract: A device and a process for performing high temporal- and spatial- resolution MR imaging of the anatomy of a patient during intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to directly measure and control the highly conformal ionizing radiation dose delivered to the patient for the treatment of diseases caused by proliferative tissue disorders. This invention combines the technologies of open MRI, multileaf-collimator or compensating filter-based IMRT delivery, and cobalt teletherapy into a single co-registered and gantry mounted system.

Abstract: Disclosed are recombinant strain of a genus Corynebacterium capable of producing biliverdin IX-alpha (IX?) and a method of producing biliverdin IX-alpha using the same. The recombinant strain is capable of synthesizing biliverdin IX-alpha in an environmentally friendly manner using only glucose without the addition of any nitrogen source, thus replacing the synthesis of biliverdin IX-alpha through chemical treatment, which is a conventional synthetic method causing environmental pollution problems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a use of an agarobiose or agarooligosaccharides having anticariogenic activity. More specifically, a lower concentration of agarobiose or agarooligosaccharides than the concentration of xylitol suppresses the growth of Streptococcus mutans and suppresses acid production, and thus can be used for anti-cariogenic purposes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for transient liquid-phase bonding between metal materials using a magnetic force. In particular, in the method, a magnetic force is applied to a transient liquid-phase bonding process, thereby shortening a transient liquid-phase bonding time between the metal materials, and obtaining high bonding strength. To this end, an attractive magnetic force is applied to a ferromagnetic base while a repulsive magnetic force is applied to a diamagnetic base, thereby to accelerate diffusion. This may reduce a bonding time during a transient liquid-phase bonding process between two bases and suppress formation of Kirkendall voids and voids and suppress a layered structure of an intermetallic compound, thereby to increase a bonding strength.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging “MRI” method and apparatus for lengthening the usable echo-train duration and reducing the power deposition for imaging is provided. The method explicitly considers the t1 and t2 relaxation times for the tissues of interest, and permits the desired image contrast to be incorporated into the tissue signal evolutions corresponding to the long echo train. The method provides a means to shorten image acquisition times and/or increase spatial resolution for widely-used spin-echo train magnetic resonance techniques, and enables high-field imaging within the safety guidelines established by the Food and Drug Administration for power deposition in human MRI.