Abstract: A method for measurement of a sequence of recurring electronic signals (10) is proposed, wherein the sequence to be measured consists of n recurring electronic signals, wherein a time-to-digital converter (2) and a memory (5) are provided.

Abstract: Functionalised polyglycine-poly(alkylene imine)-copolymers, the preparation thereof and use thereof for preparing formulations of or for complexing anionic active ingredients and effect substances Disclosed are copolymers comprising structural units of formula (I), of formula (II) and of formula (III) —NR1—CHR3—CHR4-??(I), —NH—CO—CHR7-??(II), —NH—CHR9—CHR10-??(III), or structural units of formula (IV), of formula (V) and of formula (VI) —NR1—CHR3—CHR4—CHR5-??(IV), —NH—CO—CHR7—CHR8-??(V), —NH—CHR9—CHR10—CHR11-??(VI), wherein R1 is a radical of formula —CO—R2, of formula —CO—NH—R2, of formula —CH2—CH(OH)— R12 or of formula —CH2—CH(NH2)—R12, R3, R4, R5, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 independently of one another represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, and R2 and R12 represent hydrogen or selected organic radicals.

Abstract: The invention relates to copolymers that contain structural units of the formula (I), of the formula (II) and optionally of the formula (III) —NR1—CHR3—CHR4— (I), —NH—CO—CHR7— (II), —NH—CHR9—CHR10— (III), or structural units of the formula (IV), of the formula (V) and optionally of the formula (VI) NR1—CHR3—CHR4—CHR5— (IV), —NH—CO—CHR7—CHR8— (V), —NH—CHR9—CHR10—CHR11— (VI), wherein R1 is a residue of the formula —CO—R2, of the formula —CO—NH—R2 or of the formula —CH2—CH(OH)—R12, R3, R4, R5, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 independently of each other represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, and R2 and R12 represent hydrogen or selected organic residues. These copolymers are characterized by good degradability and can be used, for example, for preparing active ingredient formulations.

Abstract: A method is proposed for generating single photons with a predetermined wavelength fV, with the following steps: i) generating a single photon, preferably in a source and a resonator, wherein the single photon has a resonator wavelength fR and a resonator bandwidth fBR, ii) measuring the resonator wavelength fR, preferably in a wavelength standard, wherein the single photon is guided from the resonator to the wavelength standard via a beam guide, iii) comparing the resonator wavelength fR with the predetermined wavelength fV and generating a control signal on the basis of the comparison, preferably in a controller, iv) adjusting the resonator using the control signal in order to change the resonator wavelength fR toward or to the predetermined wavelength fV, v) repeating steps i to iv) until the resonator wavelength fR corresponds to the predetermined wavelength fV and then coupling out.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for welding a first workpiece (11) to a second workpiece (12) by means of a laser. It is an object of the invention to provide a reliable, repeatable and reproducible approach for laser welding of two workpieces one of which consists of a semiconductor material.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for processing an object by generation of laser radiation as a collimated laser beam, influencing the intensity distribution and/or the phase progression over the cross section of the laser beam, splitting the laser beam into two partial beams, and deflection and focusing of the partial beams so that the partial beams are superimposed in a processing zone in the material of the object.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical waveguide with two or more light-guiding cores (1a-1e) extending continuously along the longitudinal extension of the optical waveguide, parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another, from one end of the optical waveguide to the other, and with a first cladding (2) enclosing the cores (1a-1e). It is an object of the invention to provide a multicore optical waveguide for high-power operation with reduced system complexity compared to the prior art.

Abstract: A method for producing an aluminum layer is provided. The method includes depositing a metallic seed layer on a substrate, the seed layer having a thickness of not more than 5 nm, and also includes applying the aluminum layer to the seed layer, wherein the aluminum layer has a thickness of more than 30 nm. Further, an optical element, which can be a mirror layer, is provided including the metallic seed layer and the aluminum layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for stably transmitting laser radiation through an optical waveguide (3), wherein two or more modes of the laser radiation propagating in the optical waveguide (3) interfere and form a mode interference pattern in the optical waveguide, as a result of which a thermally induced refractive index grating is produced in the optical waveguide (3). It is an object of the invention to demonstrate an effective approach for stabilizing the output signal of the optical waveguide (3) in a fiber-based laser/amplifier combination at high output powers, i.e. for avoiding mode instability. The invention achieves this object by virtue of the fact that a relative spatial phase shift between the mode interference pattern and the thermally induced refractive index grating is set in the direction of propagation of the laser radiation.

Abstract: An exemplary laser microscope can be provided, comprising at least one first laser source which emits at least one (e.g., pulsed) excitation beam, a scanning optical configuration (e.g., configured to scan the excitation beam over the surface of a sample), a focusing optical configuration (e.g., configured to focus the excitation beam onto the sample), and at least one detector configured to detect light emitted by the sample due to an optical effect in response to the excitation beam. A second laser source facilitates a pulsed ablation beam for a local ablation of the material of the sample. The ablation beam can be guided to the sample via the scanning and focusing optical configurations. The first and second laser sources can be fed by a mutual continuous wave pump laser and/or a mutual pulsed pump laser. The first laser source can emit pulses with at least two different wavelengths.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an optical component (1) by means of laser radiation. The object of the invention is that of providing a method that is improved compared with the prior art, which method allows for the correction of deviations of the optical functionality of the component from specified target parameters. For this purpose, the method according to the invention comprises the following method steps: generating a structure in the material of the component (1) which gives the component (1) an optical functionality, and modifying the refractive index in the material of the component (1) by means of laser beams in a pre- and/or post-processing step, i.e. before or after the generation of the structure, in order to correct deviations of the optical functionality of the component (1) from specified target parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for generating laser pulses. It is an object of the invention to provide a method for generating synchronized laser pulse trains at variable wavelengths (e.g., for coherent Raman spectroscopy/microscopy), wherein the switching time for switching between different wavelengths should be in the sub-?s range. For this purpose the apparatus according to the invention comprises a pump laser (1), which emits pulsed laser radiation at a specified wavelength, an FDML laser (3), which emits continuous wave laser radiation at a cyclically variable wavelength, and a nonlinear conversion medium (4), in which the pulsed laser radiation of the pump laser (1) and the continuous wave laser radiation of the FDML laser (3) are superposed.

Abstract: A method and a device for producing an optical component having at least three monolithically arranged optical functional surfaces and an optical component are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for generating laser pulses, comprising a pump laser (1), which emits laser pulses at a pump wavelength (12) with a repetition frequency, wherein the pulse duration of the laser pulses is 0.5-100 ps, and an optical parametric oscillator (3) that converts the laser pulses of the pump laser (1) at least partially to laser pulses at a signal wavelength (10) and at an idler wavelength (11), which differs from the former, wherein the optical parametric oscillator (3) has an optical resonator (20), comprising a non-linear wavelength converter (22), which converts the laser pulses of the pump laser (1) to laser pulses at the signal wavelength (10) and at the idler wavelength (11), and an output coupling element (24), which couples at least some of the radiation out of the optical resonator (20).

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical arrangement having a division element which divides an input beam consisting of a sequence of temporally equidistant light pulses into two spatially separate partial beams, at least one optical element through which at least one of the partial beams propagates, and at least one combination element which spatially superimposes the partial beams in an output beam. It is the object of the present invention to show a method for increasing the pulse energy of light pulses which is improved in comparison with the prior art. The invention solves this problem by virtue of the fact that the combination element superimposes a number of the temporally successive light pulses in a single light pulse in the output beam. The invention also relates to a method for increasing the pulse energy of light pulses.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for generating laser pulses. It is an object of the invention to provide a method for generating synchronized laser pulse trains at variable wavelengths (e.g., for coherent Raman spectroscopy/microscopy), wherein the switching time for switching between different wavelengths should be in the sub-?s range. For this purpose the apparatus according to the invention comprises a pump laser (1), which emits pulsed laser radiation at a specified wavelength, an FDML laser (3), which emits continuous wave laser radiation at a cyclically variable wavelength, and a nonlinear conversion medium (4), in which the pulsed laser radiation of the pump laser (1) and the continuous wave laser radiation of the FDML laser (3) are superposed.

Abstract: A method for producing an aluminum layer is provided. The method includes depositing a metallic seed layer on a substrate, the seed layer having a thickness of not more than 5 nm, and also includes applying the aluminum layer to the seed layer, wherein the aluminum layer has a thickness of more than 30 nm. Further, an optical element, which can be a mirror layer, is provided including the metallic seed layer and the aluminum layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for generating a sequence of laser pulses consisting of pulse bursts. The object of the invention is to provide a possibility of generating laser pulses for material processing in the burst mode at a high quality based on the principle of beam combination.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an apparatus for processing an object (1) by means of interfering laser beams. It is the task of the invention to provide for an improved compensation of the aberrations accumulated over the beam path in such processes/apparatuses, since these are a substantial disturbing factor with respect to the precision in structuring the material. Furthermore, the influence of the period course, i.e. the spatial modulation of the period of the modification produced in the material of the object (1), shall be improved. The invention proposes that laser radiation is generated as a collimated laser beam (3). The intensity distribution and/or the phase progression is influenced over the cross-section of the laser beam (3) to correct aberrations. The laser beam (3) is divided into two partial beams (6, 7). Finally, the partial beams (6, 7) are deflected and focused so that the partial beams (6, 7) overlap in a processing zone (10) in the material of the object (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for producing a Bessel beam (5), comprising a beam-forming element (2), which transforms a beam (1) incident as a plane electromagnetic wave into a Bessel beam (5). According to the invention, the beam-forming element (2) comprises at least one annular lens (3, 3?) and a Fourier optical unit, e.g. in the form of a Fourier lens (4).