Abstract: The invention relates to a transflective liquid crystal display capable of display in both of transmissive and reflective modes and a method of manufacturing the same and provides a transflective liquid crystal display which can achieve high display characteristics in both of the transmissive and reflective modes.

Abstract: The step of putting drops of liquid crystal onto a substrate includes the putting of drops of liquid crystal onto the substrate at spaced intervals of 15 mm or less. Thus, an impurity concentration is made equal to or less than 30 ppm in a region in which the liquid crystals collide with each other when the bonding of the substrates causes diffusion of the liquid crystals through a liquid crystal cell. A liquid crystal dripping apparatus including a branch nozzle having a plurality of discharge openings is used in the step of putting drops of liquid crystal onto the substrate. By a single dispensing operation, the apparatus simultaneously puts drops of liquid crystal onto a plurality of spots on the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device irradiates a light of a light source from a backside of a liquid crystal panel. A light-guiding plate provided under the liquid crystal panel guides the light of the light source to the liquid crystal panel by transmitting the light therethrough. An optical sheet is arranged between the liquid crystal panel and the light-guiding plate. A backlight housing accommodates the light-guiding plate and the optical sheet. The optical sheet has a protruding part extending outwardly from a periphery thereof. The backlight housing has an opening at a position corresponding to the protruding part.

Abstract: Fine electrode patterns pattern-formed in the shape of fine teeth of a comb bilaterally symmetrical with respect to band-shaped portions are formed at even intervals in a pixel electrode, and band-shaped dielectric layers are pattern-formed at even intervals to cover the fine electrode patterns in a display pixel. By the existence of the dielectric layer and the fine electrode pattern complementing this, a portion formed with these layer and fine electrode pattern is a high threshold voltage region, and relatively, a low threshold voltage region where the dielectric layer does not exist is formed. By the aforementioned construction, it becomes possible to improve a delay in response speed at low gray levels and increase the speed of halftone response, whereby a very reliable image display having moving image performance almost equal to that of a CRT is realized.

Abstract: In a case of a liquid crystal display apparatus, a gate insulating film of a TFT driven at a low voltage (3.3 V or 5 V) is constituted by one insulating film, and a thickness thereof is set to, for example, 30 nm. This TFT has a structure in which LDD regions (low concentration impurity regions) are not provided. A TFT having a CMOS structure, which is driven at a high voltage (18 V), has a gate insulating film constituted by two insulating films having a thickness of, for example, 130 nm in total. In an n-type TFT, a low concentration impurity region is provided on a drain side. A p-type TFT has a structure having no LDD region. A pixel TFT has a gate insulating film constituted by two insulating films, and LDD regions provided in both of its source/drain.

Abstract: A driving circuit of a liquid crystal display device includes driver output lines connected to outputs of a data line driver, m pieces of block selection signal lines for sequentially selecting m pieces of blocks, and data lines for supplying data to a display area. A switch sequentially connects an ith driver output line to ith, i+2jth, . . . , and i+2jx(m?1)th data lines in response to signals on the m pieces of block selection signal lines when j is a positive integer smaller than m.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a d.c. voltage source for producing a common voltage such that the common voltage is substantially equal to a central voltage of a bipolar voltage signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display based on an MVA mode of multi-division alignment in which alignment states of liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric anisotropy are made different from each other, and provides a liquid crystal display in which a drop in transmittance is suppressed and response characteristics are improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a backlight unit for liquid crystal displays, etc.; and its object is to provide a backlight unit not involving the problem that the emitted light leaks out of the optical waveguide, even when the space around the cold-cathode tubes in the light source unit for it is filled with a liquid of which the refractive index is nearly the same as that of the glass material that forms the outer wall of the cold-cathode tubes. The backlight unit comprises a housing 6 which houses cold-cathode tubes 2, 4 therein and of which the inner surface is coated with a light reflector 10; a transparent liquid filled in the housing 6; and an optical waveguide 1 made of a transparent substance and having a light-emitting surface S.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching a liquid crystal layer therebetween, a first polarizer disposed adjacent to the first substrate at a side opposite to a side of the first polarizer facing the liquid crystal layer, with a first gap between the first polarizer and the first substrate, a second polarizer disposed adjacent to the second substrate at a side opposite to a side of the second polarizer facing the liquid crystal layer, with a second gap between the second polarizer and the second substrate, wherein at least one of the first and second gaps includes therein a first retardation film having a positive optical anisotropy and a second retardation film having a negative optical anisotropy, such that the first retardation film is disposed closer to the liquid crystal layer with respect to the second retardation film.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and carrying projections and depressions, a reflective electrode on the second substrate so as to cover the projections and depressions and in electrical contact with a switching device provided on the second substrate via a contact hole, and a negative liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the contact hole is disposed centrally to the reflection electrode and a structure controlling alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is disposed so as to overlap the contact hole viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and carrying projections and depressions, a reflective electrode on the second substrate so as to cover the projections and depressions and in electrical contact with a switching device provided on the second substrate via a contact hole, and a negative liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the contact hole is disposed centrally to the reflection electrode and a structure controlling alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is disposed so as to overlap the contact hole viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a substrate for a liquid crystal display having optical transmittance improved without reducing the speed of a response to a tone change and a liquid crystal display utilizing the same. There is provided a drain bus line formed on an array substrate which sandwiches a liquid crystal in combination with an opposite substrate provided in a face-to-face relationship therewith, a TFT connected to the drain bus line, and a pixel electrode which has stripe-shaped electrodes, along with spaces, connected to the TFT and provided in parallel with the drain bus line, stripe-shaped electrodes in the vicinity of the drain bus line having an electrode width formed narrower than the width of internal electrodes located inside the same.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate includes a transparent insulating substrate, a first thin film transistor that is formed on the transparent insulating substrate, and a second thin film transistor that is formed on the transparent insulating substrate. The second thin film transistor has a characteristic that differs from that of the first thin film transistor. An active layer of the first thin film transistor has a thickness greater than or equal to 50 nm, and an average crystal grain diameter greater than or equal to 1 ?m. An active layer of the second thin film transistor has a thickness less than or equal to 60 nm, and an average crystal grain diameter less than 1 ?m. The thin film transistor substrate is formed by conducting poly-crystallization through CW laser irradiation while controlling off time leak current generation and pressure resistance degradation.

Abstract: A polysilicon film is formed in a predetermined region on a glass substrate, and then a gate insulating film and a gate electrode, whose width is narrower than the gate insulating film, are formed thereon. Then, an interlayer insulating film and an ITO film are formed on an overall surface. Then, n-type source/drain regions having an LDD structure are formed by implanting the n-type impurity into the polysilicon film. Then, an n-type TFT forming region and a pixel-electrode forming region are covered with a resist film, and then p-type source/drain regions are formed by implanting the p-type impurity into the polysilicon film in a p-type TFT forming region. Then, the resist film is left only in the pixel-electrode forming region and the resist film is removed from other regions. A pixel electrode is formed by etching the ITO film while using the remaining resist film as a mask.

Abstract: When radiating light onto a liquid crystal composition containing a photosensitive material, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is adjusted by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal composition layer, to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, or the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made uniform by adjusting the structure of the liquid crystal display device, or any display defect is driven out of the display area. When radiating light to the liquid crystal composition containing the photosensitive material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted so as to achieve substantially orderly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal display device can thus be driven stably.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate and carrying projections and depressions, a reflective electrode on the second substrate so as to cover the projections and depressions and in electrical contact with a switching device provided on the second substrate via a contact hole, and a negative liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the contact hole is disposed centrally to the reflection electrode and a structure controlling alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is disposed so as to overlap the contact hole viewed in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display in multiple alignment or MVA mode in which liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy are aligned differently, and it is an object of the invention to provide a liquid crystal display having improved response characteristics while suppressing any reduction in transmittance.

Abstract: In a vertically aligned liquid crystal display device for controlling liquid crystal molecules alignment in voltage application by providing linear structures or linear slits consisting of a plurality of constituent units to at least one of a pair of substrates having an electrode thereon, there is provided alignment controlling means for forming an alignment singular point s=?1 of liquid crystal molecules at an intersecting point between the structures on the pixel electrode or the slits in the electrode and an edge of a pixel electrode on one of the substrates.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate includes a transparent insulating substrate, a first thin film transistor that is formed on the transparent insulating substrate, and a second thin film transistor that is formed on the transparent insulating substrate. The second thin film transistor has a characteristic that differs from that of the first thin film transistor. An active layer of the first thin film transistor has a thickness greater than or equal to 50 nm, and an average crystal grain diameter greater than or equal to 1 ?m. An active layer of the second thin film transistor has a thickness less than or equal to 60 nm, and an average crystal grain diameter less than 1 ?m. The thin film transistor substrate is formed by conducting poly-crystallization through CW laser irradiation while controlling off time leak current generation and pressure resistance degradation.