Abstract: A light amplifier includes an optical fiber doped with a rare-earth ion, a light source emitting an exciting light and thereby exciting the optical fiber, and an optical system which applies a given light component to the optical fiber in a first direction opposite to a second direction in which a signal light is propagated through the optical fiber when a light exceeding a threshold level is propagated through the optical fiber, so that a gain of the optical fiber can be reduced.

Abstract: The cooling device including a cold plate having an inside water passage through which a cooling water passes and having one surface provided with a cooling element corresponding to an integrated circuit element, a housing for fixing the cold plate to a substrate so that the cooling element is kept in close contact with the integrated circuit element, and a water leakage sensor provided inside the housing, is disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of constructing a wire interconnect structure on a substrate are described. The methods broadly comprise the steps of depositing a spacer layer on a surface of the substrate, depositing a mask layer on the spacer layer, and removing a first portion of the mask layer overlying a desired area on the substrate surface to expose the spacer layer underlying the first portion of the mask layer. The methods further comprise the step of etching the structure such that a first portion of the spacer layer overlaying the desired area is removed and such that a portion of the desired area is exposed, and the step of depositing a first conductive material on the exposed portion of the desired area such that a conductive post is formed on the substrate surface and mounted to the desired area. Some of the disclosed methods comprise additional steps for forming an interconnect structure on the opposite surface of the substrate and providing an electrical interconnect means between the two interconnect structures.

Abstract: Each of a plurality of terminals includes a processing section, a cooperation controlling section and an inputting section. The inputting section inputs, to the cooperation controlling section, input data and switching data for switching over a cooperative operation mode and an individual operation mode. The switching section switches over the cooperative operation mode and the individual operation mode on the basis of the switching data given from the inputting section. The self-input processing section supplies, when in the cooperative operation mode, the input data from the self-inputting section to the self-processing section and other processing sections which should operate in cooperation and supplies, when in the individual operation mode, the input data from the self-inputting section to the self-processing section.

Abstract: A system for contracting bit map image data to allow interactive correction of an image that has been brought out of shape when the bit map image data are contracted at a certain magnification. The system includes a memory for storing original bit map image data and contracted bit map image data, a decimating unit for decimating from the original bit map image data dot data at decimating positions in rows and/or columns which have been determined in advance according to a given contraction ratio, a display unit for displaying the original bit map image data, decimating positions, and the contracted bit map image data, and a shift indicating unit for indicating a shift of the decimating positions while viewing the images displayed by the display unit. The system permits the operator to shift the decimating positions in an interactive manner for minimizing any loss in the contracted bit map image of major figure elements contained in the original bit map image.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus is provided with white reference sheets. The image reading image apparatus is movable between a first reading position at which an optical reading unit reads image information on a document supplied by an automatic paper feeding mechanism and a second reading position. The image reading apparatus regulates an absolute white level with respect to a light source.

Abstract: A real time clock synchronizing system, provided in each of a plurality of network elements in a synchronous transmission network, comprises: a generating unit for generating, based on a reference clock, self-generated real time information indicating a real time of the network element. The system also includes an extracting unit for extracting reference real time information contained in an overhead area of synchronous signals received by the network element. A selector unit selects as a reference real time information to be transmitted from the network element, one of the self-generated real time information and the reference real time information extracted by the extracting unit. A transmitting unit contains the reference real time information selected by the selector unit, in an overhead area of synchronous signals to be transmitted from the network element.

Abstract: An electrification enhancer is either contained in the photoconductor, is present as a coating on the surface thereof, or is applied prior to use. A compound such as ammonium fluoride, a ferroelectric substance, a high molecular substance (fluorine resin) with an equivalent work function of 4.10 or greater, etc. are effective. The chargeability of the photoconductor is improved. The construction is best suited for the rear photorecording process, but is also effective in other types of contact charging recording systems.

Abstract: A length of an I field of an I frame in the data link layer is controlled in accordance with a rate of cells lost in an ATM layer. The loss rate of cells is calculated by watching sequence numbers included in the cells in an ATM adaptation layer.

Abstract: A sheet supply/conveyance mechanism for sheets includes a hopper for accommodating a stack of plural sheets, a conveyer for picking up the sheets from the hopper and conveying the sheets in an advancing direction along a path, two detectors for optically detecting a leading edge of a sheet being conveyed, a correcting device for correcting the horizontal alignment of the sheet in accordance with the detection results of said detectors, and right and left guide plates provided in the hopper for aligning the respective, opposite sides of the stacked sheets. The guide plates are slidable in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the sheet advancing direction. The guide plates are respectively connected with the two detectors, so that the detectors are also slidable in the horizontal direction, together with the respective guide plates.

Abstract: In a radiation image reading apparatus, a photostimulated phosphor member absorbs a portion of radiation energy transmitted through an object and stores the absorbed radiation energy as a latent image. An excitation light source irradiates excitation light on the photostimulated phosphor member which then emits photostimulated luminescence light which is received and converged by an image reading device, and the latter outputting, as image information, an electrical signal which is dependent on a light intensity of the photostimulated luminescence light. A source of erasing light, having a spectral distribution band positioned substantially in a visible light region and which is normally ON, includes a shutter which is selectively opened to irradiate the erasing light on the photostimulated phosphor during an erasure time and otherwise is closed.

Abstract: An IC bare chip carrier installs an IC bare chip for performing a burn-in test and a functional examination of the bare chip. The carrier consists of an installing unit for installing the bare chip and an interconnecting unit for electrically interconnecting chip electrodes of the bare chip with output electrodes of the interconnecting unit, to be connected to apparatus for the burn-in test and the functional examination. The installing unit is made of aluminium nitride having an expansion rate near of material, ceramic, of the IC bare chip, for making fabrication of installing surface of the IC bare chip easy. The interconnecting unit has an air exchange mechanism by which the IC bare chip can be laid in a space, made by combining the installing unit and the interconnecting unit, constantly filled with inert gas such as nitrogen. The IC bare chip is transported anytime and anywhere as installed in the carrier without being contaminated.

Abstract: A phase-locked oscillator circuit with a broad pull-in frequency range generates a stable output signal synchronized to the phase of an input signal. An input-stage phase-locking circuit wherein the phase of a first frequency-converted output signal from a 1st frequency-conversion section is compared by a 1st phase-comparison circuit with the phase of the input signal and the phase of the 1st frequency-converted output signal is controlled. A processing section determines the frequency component of the input signal based on the phase-comparison output signal from the 1st phase-comparison circuit. An output-stage phase-locking circuit compares the phase of a 2nd frequency-conversion section with the phase of the input signal in a 2nd phase-comparison circuit. The phase of the 2nd frequency-conversion section is controlled based on the resulting phase-comparison output signal and the phase comparison output signal from the 1st phase-comparison circuit.

Abstract: To provide a reasonable and economical recording apparatus wherein an inevitable fluctuation of an intermediate transfer drum or the like does not adversely influence other elements. A recording apparatus wherein a toner image on a photosensitive drum (11) is primarily transferred to an intermediate transfer drum (21) and the toner image on the intermediate transfer drum (21) is secondarily transferred to a recording medium (100), characterized in that the apparatus comprises an intermediate transfer drum shifting device (40, 70) for shifting the intermediate transfer drum (21), during the primary transfer, into a first state wherein the intermediate transfer drum (21) is brought into press-contact with the photosensitive drum (11), and, during the secondary transfer, into a second state wherein the intermediate transfer drum (21) is brought into press-contact with the recording medium (100) but not brought into press-contact with the photosensitive drum (11).

Abstract: An optical transceiver unit capable of preventing any crosstalk from an optical transmitter to an optical receiver to thereby avert reduction of the reception sensitivity. The optical transceiver unit comprises a multilayer printed circuit board, a lower case for housing the multilayer printed circuit board therein, and an upper case so disposed as to cover the lower case for enclosing the multilayer printed circuit board in an assembly of the two cases. A light emitting element module and a light receiving element module are attached to one side wall of the lower case. The printed circuit board has a first region where a transmitting circuit is formed, and a second region where a receiving circuit is formed. The first and second regions are completely isolated electromagnetically from each other by a first shield plate fixed to the lower case and a second shield plate fixed to the upper case.

Abstract: An electrostatic actuator incorporates a sensor for detecting both position and the state of distribution of charges and is efficiently driven in high-speed operation. A first member has a plurality of driving electrodes thereon, each having the shape of a strip, a second member is placed in contact with the first member, and a control means is provided for changing the voltages applied to the driving electrodes to produce relative movement of the first member and the second member. Detecting electrodes are arranged on the first member at predetermined phases, independently of the driving electrodes, and a detecting unit detects the position of the second member and the state of charges induced on the second member, through the detection of electric signals induced in the detecting electrodes by the charges distributed on the second member.

Abstract: Channel switching control in a mobile telecommunication system of a multiple zone configuration provided with base stations of zones for engaging in radio communication with mobile stations and base station control equipment for controlling the base stations, wherein the base station control equipment performs priority processing on a request for channel switching due to deterioration of quality, in which there is little margin of time until the quality of service deteriorates below a predetermined level, when receiving a request for channel switching to a stronger field transferred from a mobile station through a base station and a request for channel switching due to deterioration of quality from a base station, thereby enabling channel switching able to ensure a predetermined quality of service.

Abstract: A method in which a multi-layered ceramic circuit board made of a hybrid laminate consisting of green sheets containing hollow silica and green sheets containing no hollow silica is manufactured without failures occurring during the firing of the laminate. By incorporating quartz glass into a first ceramic material containing hollow silica to replace part of the hollow silica with quartz glass, the compositions of the first ceramic material and a second ceramic material containing no hollow silica are controlled so that the difference between the percentages of shrinkage on firing of the green sheets formed of the first and second ceramic materials is within 1%.

Abstract: A PLL frequency synthesizer, which comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, and a comparison frequency divider for dividing a frequency of the output signal from the voltage controlled oscillator to output a comparison signal. A phase comparator in the synthesizer compares a phase of a reference signal to be fed thereto with a phase of the comparison signal, and generates first and second phase difference signals, based on the compared result. The synthesizer further includes a charge-pump circuit operated based on the first and second phase difference signals, and having an output terminal connected to the voltage controlled oscillator. The charge-pump circuit includes a first bipolar transistor connected between a high-potential power supply and the output terminal, and a second bipolar transistor connected between a low-potential power supply and the output terminal. The first and second bipolar transistors are controlled based on the first and second phase difference signals, respectively.

Abstract: An optical transmission system transmits an optical signal. The optical transmission system may include an optical amplifier. The optical amplifier amplifies a received optical signal. A pumping light source outputs a pumping light beam and monitor information or supervisory information. This optical amplifier is adapted to amplify the received optical signal by propagating the received optical signal. An optical fiber which may be doped with a rare-earth element. An optical coupler couples the received optical signal and a first pumping light beam to the input of the optical fiber. Through propagation of the signal through the optical fiber, the received optical signal is amplified.