Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a soldering process comprising the steps of: providing in a furnace first and second heaters each adapted to emit infrared energy; setting a printed circuit board, which has a solder paste and an electronic component thereon, in the furnace; heating the printed circuit board with the first heater; and heating the electronic component with the second heater;wherein the first and second heaters have different radiation spectra such that infrared energy irradiated by the first heater is more absorbed by the printed circuit board and less absorbed by the electronic component than that irradiated by the second heater. The present invention also provides a soldering apparatus for use in such soldering process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus analyze chemical compounds from molecular geometric data of a chemical compound. Localized molecular orbitals are used to form a density matrix and a Fock matrix. The method and apparatus performs an annihilation process on the Fock matrix to interactively eliminate the interaction of each bonding orbital with each non-bonding orbital, i.e., .psi.F.psi.*, where .psi. is a bonding orbital, F is a corresponding member of the Fock matrix and .psi.* is an antibonding orbital. The annihilation process involves a simple diagonalization of a 2.times.2 matrix and replaces the very lengthy calculation of diagonalizing the Fock matrix, as is done in the related art. To further speed up the process, the method and apparatus of the present invention determine which of the bonding orbitals and antibonding orbitals cannot interact using interatomic distances. The interaction for these bonding orbitals and antibonding orbitals is not eliminated in the annihilation process.

Abstract: A method for modeling a synthetic crystal structure formed of a first crystal structure and a second crystal structure by representing the first crystal structure using a first coordinate system and the second crystal structure using a second coordinate system, specifying a first atom, a first lattice and a first crystal face of the first crystal structure, the first crystal face including the first atom and the first lattice; specifying a second atom, a second lattice and a second crystal face of the second crystal structure the second crystal face including the second atom and the second lattice; transforming the second crystal structure system represented by the second coordinate system into a second crystal structure represented by the first coordinate system so that an assembling condition is satisfied, the assembling condition being defined as a condition in which the second atom, the second lattice and the crystal face of the second crystal structure are respectively superposed on the first atom, the f

Abstract: A constant voltage circuit adapted for connection between high voltage power source and low voltage power source terminals respectively to output a constant voltage signal from an output terminal in response to a control signal inputted to an input terminal. The circuit has a resistor circuit including a MOS transistor for connection to the high voltage power source and activated in response to the control signal. A current mirror section is connected between the resistor circuit and the low voltage power source terminal to generate an output voltage to be outputted from the output terminal. A feedback section is connected between the resistor circuit and the low voltage power source terminal to control the current mirror section to keep the output voltage constant by detecting deviation of the output voltage.

Abstract: A method for nonmagnetic monocomponent development is intended for use in an electrophotographic copying machine or electrophotographic printer and is capable of producing highly durable prints of high quality during continuous printing operations. In the nonmagnetic monocomponent development, a developer is transported by a development roller to a photoconductor drum. A Doctor blade triboelectrifies the developer and simultaneously regulates the thickness of a layer of the developer. As the developer, a toner is used, which toner is produced by coagulating minute particles having a diameter between 0.1 and 3.0 .mu.m and then heating the minute particles, thereby thermally fusing these particles.

Abstract: A light detecting device for reliably detecting weak luminescing at a random position in a predetermined spatial area. The light detecting device has a fluorescent fiber containing a fluorescent coloring matter and a flat or curved concentrator having a primary surface, on which the fluorescent fiber is fixedly arranged with the axis thereof in parallel relationship to the primary surface. A light receiving means is connected to at least one end of the fluorescent fiber.

Abstract: An ultrasonic coupler to be arranged between an ultrasonic probe and a patient to be examined using an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is provided. A method of producing the ultrasonic coupler is also provided. The ultrasonic coupler is made of a gel material having no tackiness. According to the present invention, an ultrasonic coupler includes the gel material which contains polyvinyl alcohol in the range of 3 weight % to 6 weight %. The polyvinyl alcohol is at least 98.0 mole % in the degree of saponification, and the gel material has a hardness in the range of 0.5.times.10.sup.4 dyne/cm.sup.2 to 2.times.10.sup.4 dyne/cm.sup.2. A coupling member for holding the ultrasonic coupler in contact with the ultrasonic probe is fixed to the gel material. The method of producing the ultrasonic coupler includes a step of providing a mold having an interior chamber. A coupling member projects into the interior chamber, and has an attachment portion inserted into the mold.

Abstract: An alarm collection apparatus for use in an exchange system has a plurality of local offices, a central maintenance office, a toll switch, and an alarm link. The local offices include an enhanced local office and a conventional local office, the enhanced local office having enhanced features with respect to the number of alarm collection points, a display function thereof, and a man-machine alarms interface. An alarm collection shelf collects alarm information from the conventional local office in the same manner as from the enhanced local office, by converting the data format used for the conventional office to one which corresponds to the data format used for the enhanced office. The alarm collection shelf also collects alarms from a radio base office.

Abstract: A multilayer structure is fabricated by forming a conductive layer on an insulative substrate. A first conductive pattern is formed on the first conductive layer and a resist layer having a via hole therethrough is formed on the first pattern. A via lead is formed in the via hole by electrically plating a metal therein utilizing the first layer as a lead for the plating process. The resist and the exposed part of the first layer are removed and a polyimide layer having a thermal expansion coefficient that is equal to that of the via lead is formed over the substrate. The surface of the polyimide layer is etched until the via lead top segment protrudes to a predetermined height above the surface of the etched polyimide layer. A second pattern is formed on the polyimide layer and the exposed lead segment by a plating process.

Abstract: A biological macromolecular substances crystallization apparatus comprises a plate-like base, a lid having a concavity which defines an experimental vessel for crystallizing biological macromolecular substances when the lid is put on the base, a groove formed in the base of the experimental vessel for holding a first specimen solution for crystallizing biological macromolecular substances, a trench-like groove formed in the base of the experimental vessel for holding a second specimen solution for crystallizing biological macromolecular substances, tight sealing means for tightly closing the experimental vessel, a plug which is provided in the concavity in the lid, and which is pressed to cover said grooves and to separate said groove from said trench-like groove, and a valve which is provided in the concavity in the lid, and which equalizes an internal pressure in the experimental vessel to an external pressure.

Abstract: A CAD system designs mask patterns for use in a master slice integrated circuit processing. The system includes an input device such as a mouse interface, and a display unit for symbolically displaying circuit elements and cells. A first data base stores a net list of circuit design information. A second data base stores data relating to the structure of a master slice bulk and various types of elemental cells formed in the master slice. A processing unit of the CAD system causes the display unit to display both a circuit design scheme and the master slice bulk on a screen of the display unit. The processing unit produces data about the initial positions of a pair of contact hole patterns by which a resistor is defined in a resistive cell region of the master slice, and automatically shifts the contact hole patterns from the initial positions to another position, in order to avoid interference between a wiring pattern on the master slice bulk and the contact hole patterns.

Abstract: A process for producing diamond includes a step of bringing a columnar cathode and a tubular pilot anode provided concentrically around the cathode, into proximity to a plasma jetting port of a front end portion of a tubular main anode provided concentrically around the pilot anode. According to the process, a voltage is applied across the cathode and the pilot anode to convert a pilot gas to the form of a plasma. Then, the cathode is moved away from the pilot anode along a common axis. The process also includes the step of holding the discharge voltage between the cathode and the pilot anode at a first preselected voltage, and then applying voltage across the cathode and the main anode to convert a main gas to the form of a plasma. Subsequently, at least the pilot anode is moved away from the main anode along the common axis while maintaining the discharge voltage between the cathode and the pilot anode at the first preselected voltage.

Abstract: An electrical connecting arrangement is provided for establishing electrical connections of electronic printed-circuit boards detachably mounted in a cabinet of an electronic installation at a front side thereof. For the establishment of electrical connections, at least one connector is used, and a connector support member is attached to a rear side of the cabinet. The connector includes two connector halves to be coupled to each other. One of the connector halves is detachably attached to and supported by the support member, and is joined to an end of an electrical cable. The other connector half is securely attached to and by a rear side of the printed-circuit board. The connector halves are aligned with each other upon mounting the printed-circuit board in the cabinet, to thereby ensure coupling of the connector halves.

Abstract: A method for airbrushing and a device therefor enable to perform an airbrush operation in which only lightness or chroma is varied. The airbrush device performs the airbrush operation to gradate a designated region or regions of RGB data by converting the RGB data in a RGB coordinate system into image data in a lightness, chroma and/or hue coordinate system, and designating airbrush information for performing the airbrush operation on the converted image data in the lightness, chroma and/or hue coordinate system. Image data corresponding to the airbrush information is extracted from the converted image data in the lightness, chroma and/or hue coordinate system, and the airbrush operation is performed on the extracted image data in the lightness, chroma and/or hue coordinate system based on the airbrush information.

Abstract: A deposition method of a compound semiconductor forming a semiconductor device comprises the steps of; covering the surface of a compound semiconductor containing a V group element with a III group element with a thickness of one or more monolayers; and forming a second compound semiconductor containing a V group element different from said V group element on said III group element while utilizing said III group element as a protective film for preventing the desorption of said V group element.

Abstract: A concentration distribution in a planar direction or in a depth-wise direction is measured by irradiating an ion containing an alkali metal element as an ion beam onto a solid surface, detecting a three-atom composite ion comprising the irradiated alkali metal ion, an object element, and a base material element from among particles emitted from the solid surface due to sputtering by mass separation, and displaying an intensity distribution of the three-atom composite ion as a two-dimensional image in the case of the concentration distribution in the planar direction or displaying the intensity of the three-atom composite ion with the sputter time in the case of the concentration distribution in the depth-wise direction.

Abstract: An insulating element includes an insertion portion extending from a first surface of a circuit board when the insulating element is inserted into a through hole formed in the circuit board. The insertion portion has a first height measured from the first surface. The first height is greater than heights of leads of components arranged at sides of the insulating element. A holding portion of the insulating element is connected to the insertion portion. The holding portion has a second height measured from a second surface of the circuit board, and has a second height greater than heights of the components arranged at the sides of the insulating element.

Abstract: A mask includes a first layer which is transparent with respect to an exposure light, and a phase shift mask pattern which is formed on the transparent layer. The pattern includes one or more phase shift regions adapted for transmitting the exposure light impinging thereon and shifting the phase of the transmitted light relative to the phase of light which passes through a portion of the mask having no phase shift layer.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake comprises a plurality of electromagnetic coils disposed on a stationary part of a drive force supply unit and producing a magnetic field in response to energizing currents supplied thereto, a rotor made of a conductive material and disposed on a rotary shaft of the drive force supply unit and positioned so as to rotate in the magnetic field and produce an eddy current in the rotor. The eddy current converts the rotational energy imparted to the rotor through the shaft into heat and generates a breaking force. A switching unit connected to the electromagnetic coils selectively controls the flow of energizing current to the coils in accordance with switching data supplied thereto by a control unit, responsive to external control data, for selectively controlling the ON/OFF ratio of energizing current flow to the electromagnetic coils.

Abstract: In a toner supply control system for a printing device, a toner supply unit supplies a developing unit of the printing device with a two-component developer containing toner particles and carrier particles in accordance with a first control signal. A storage unit stores information concerning a plurality of toner marks formed on an electrostatic latent image carrying member of the printing device and developed by the developing unit. The toner marks respectively have patterns related to condition of the two-component developer. A selecting unit selects one of the toner marks in accordance with a second control signal. A sensor optically reads the toner mark formed on the electrostatic latent image carrying member and generates a detection signal. A first control unit generates the second control signal on the basis of the condition of the two-component developer. A second control unit generates the first control signal on the basis of the detection signal.