Abstract: What is described herein is an improved precipitation polymerization process and copolymer products produced thereby. The process herein is carried out by charging a reactor with a solvent in which the copolymer product is substantially insoluble over the entire compositional range of the copolymer, preferably heptane or cyclohexane, and a polymerization initiator, heating to 50.degree. to 150.degree. C., agitating, and then simultaneously feeding selected amounts of a vinyl lactam and a polymerizable carboxylic acid into said reactor below the surface of the solvent while continuing to agitate the mixture to precipitate the copolymer from solution as a fine, white powder, and recovering the copolymer of defined composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to fluorinated vinyl ethers having the formula ##STR1## wherein t has a value of from 1 to 22; R' is C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 alkylene, alkoxyalkylene, arylene or aryloxyalkylene which radicals are optionally fluorinated; R" is a divalent radical having from 1 to 100 carbon atoms and is selected from the group of alkylene, arylene, alkarylene, aralkylene which groups are optionally substituted with lower alkyl or the radical ##STR2## wherein R is a polyvalent linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with alkyleneoxy; A is a divalent radical selected from the group of ##STR3## where each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently hydrogen or ##STR4## B is lower alkyl; m has a value of from 0 to 4 and n has a value of from 0 to 20. The invention also relates to the manner of synthesizing the present fluorinated vinyl ethers and to their uses as release agents and stain protective coatings.

Abstract: What is provided herein is a method for reducing the microbial content of surfaces which comprises contacting said surface with a microbiocidal amount of a substantially anhydrous complex of PVP and H.sub.2 O.sub.2.

Abstract: Solubility of chlorhexidine free base and hydrocarbon substituted lactams in water is substantially enhanced by forming an aqueous solution of a complex of chlorhexidine free base and lactam. This is preferably done by dissolving chlorhexidine free base in lactam and then mixing the resulting solution with water. The resulting aqueous solution contains between about 1 and about 25 wt % of a complex of lactam and chlorhexidine with chlorhexidine being present in amounts between about 0.08 and about 0.25 wt % based on lactam. Lactam used is defined by the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer having a value of from 1 to 3 and R is a linear alkyl radical containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: What is described herein are polymerizable pyrrolidonyl 4,5-unsubstituted oxazoline monomers, homopolymers thereof, and copolymers with other monomers. A preferred polymerizable monomer compound is 2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidon-4-yl)-2-oxazoline. The polymers herein have excellent hydrotropic properties thus increasing the water solubility of organic compounds previously considered as water insoluble, and exhibit complexation with water soluble cosolutes.

Abstract: The invention relates primarily to quaternized compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein n and n' are each independently integers having a value of from 1 to 25; p is an integer having a value of from 1 to 4; Y and Y' are each independently H or CH.sub.3 ; R is linear alkyl, alkenyl, or amidoalkyl having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; Z is linear alkylene having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with lower alkyl and A.sup.- is an anion.

Abstract: Slurry copolymerization of maleic anhydride with (meth)acrylic acid and, optionally, with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl vinyl ether in a cosolvent system of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate yields a pumpable slurry, from which uniform, fine, white powders having a predetermined weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to one million, preferably about 30,000 to 400,000, are obtained.

Abstract: What is provided herein are substantially anhydrous complexes of PVP and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 in molar ratios of between about 2:1 and 1:1, respectively, which corresponds to between about 13% and about 23% by weight H.sub.2 O.sub.2. The complexes of the invention are prepared by an anhydrous process whereby substantially uniform, free-flowing, fine white powders are obtained.

Abstract: A method for increasing the water-solubility of highly insoluble organic compounds by forming a complex product from the reaction between the organic compound and an aqueous solution of solid polyvinylpyrrolidone. The solubility of the organic compound can be increased at least 25-fold and the complex formed is highly stable at ambient conditions.

Abstract: A water soluble complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydrogen chloride and iodine, and a process for making the same, is provided herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyacetylenic recording film of improved resistance to degradation by UV light and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation and to the process for producing said film which comprises dissolving polyacetylenic imaging crystals in n-butanol before forming a dispersion in a binder material and before coating on a polyester film base.

Abstract: What is described herein is a process for making copolymers of maleic anhydride and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl vinyl ethers of predetermined specific viscosities extending over a wide viscosity range. The invention is characterized by (a) precharging a reactor with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl vinyl ether as solvent and a polymerization initiator at a reaction temperature, (b) feeding a mixture of maleic anhydride and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl vinyl ether in substantially stoichiometric amounts, preferably with a slight excess of alkyl ether, and at a selected rate, into said precharged reactor, (c) polymerizing said reactants to form a slurry of said copolymer in said escess alkyl vinyl ether solvent, and (d) introducing toluene into said reactor during the polymerization to control the specific viscosity of the copolymer product being produced.

Abstract: A novel triphenylphosphonium salts of chloromethyl pyrrolidone having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 may be the same or different and may be hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkenyl, lower cycloalkyl, and lower carboalkoxy, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, and substituted naphthyl, R.sub.4 is lower alkyl or phenyl and X is an anion. The compounds are useful in Wittig-type reactions and as phase transfer catalysts. A method for preparing the inventive compound is also disclosed.

Abstract: What is described herein is a process for making copolymers of maleic anhydride and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl vinyl ether. In this process, a reactor is precharged with a solution of maleic anhydride in a sterically hindered monoether solvent and the alkyl vinyl ether monomer is fed thereto. Copolymerization is effected in the presence of a free radical initiator. A pumpable slurry of the copolymer in the reaction medium is formed upon polymerization, from which a copolymer product which is substantially a benzene-free powder is obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to 5-oxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid derivatives having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group of ##STR2## R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each H or CH.sub.3, and R.sub.1 is H or a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which derivative compounds are suitable as monomers which can be homopolymerized or copolymerized to yield high molecular weight materials having many useful properties and applications, among which is their ability to form complexes with water insoluble molecules which are normally not complexible with similar type polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to 5-oxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid derivatives having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group of ##STR2## R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each H or CH.sub.3, and R.sub.1 is H or a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which derivative compounds are suitable as monomers which can be homopolymerized or copolymerized to yield high molecular weight materials having many useful properties and applications, among which is their ability to form complexes with water insoluble molecules which are normally not complexible with similar type polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light stabilizing and antioxidant coating for polyacetylenic recording media which comprises an aqueous composition of ascorbic acid, gelatin and less than 2% by weight of surfactant wherein the mole ratio of acid to gelatin is between about 1:1 and about 10:1 dissolved in from about 35 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of water.

Abstract: Zwitterion polymers are provided herein having the formula: ##STR1## where R is OR', where R' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or a lactam,X is oxygen or nitrogen,n is 2-10, andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl,and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for hardening a curable normally liquid hydrocarbon compound optionally substituted with an alkyloxy, ester aldehyde, amido, halo, sulfonate, sulfate, sulfite, mercapto or nitro group and containing at least one functional radical selected from the group of ##STR1## and--(X)C.dbd.C(Z)--Y--(CH.sub.2)--wherein Y is --O--, --S-- or --NH-- and X and Z are each independently hydrogen, alkylene having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl or a mixture thereof, which process comprises contacting said liquid for less than one minute with a hardening amount of a volatilized hard Lewis acid under anhydrous conditions and at a hardening temperature below the deformation temperature of any substrate material which may be used to support said liquid.

Abstract: What is described herein are polymerizable pyrrolidonyl 4,5-unsubstituted oxazoline monomers, homopolymers thereof, and copolymers with other monomers. A preferred polymerizable monomer compound is 2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidon-4-yl)-2- oxazoline. The polymers herein have excellent hydrotropic properties thus increasing the water solubility of organic compounds previously considered as water insoluble, and exhibit complexation with water soluble consolutes.