Abstract: This invention relates to quaternary compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein W.sup.- is an anion; m and n are integers having a value of from 1 to 4; R is alkylene having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is a radical having from 8 to 25 carbon atoms and is selected from the group of alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy alkylene and each of R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is a radical having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms and is alkyl, alkoxy or ##STR2## where p has a value of from 1 to 4 and X is hydrogen or methyl. The invention also relates to the preparation and use of said diquaternized compounds.

Abstract: A method for the removal of scale from the interior of producing oil and gas wells is disclosed. The method comprises introducing a mixture of an aqueous mineral acid, a mutual solvent, and an alkyl or aralkyl polyoxyalkylene phosphate ester to the interior of the well. The phosphate ester maintains the acid and mutual solvent in a micellar emulsion state. The mixture is retained in the well to allow the acid to solubilize the mineral deposits and then the mixture and solubilized mineral deposits are removed from the well interior.

Abstract: A solar roofing assembly is provided including a roofing membrane, a plurality of insulation blocks disposed as a layer on top of the roofing membrane, a plurality of pavers disposed as a layer on top of the plurality of insulation blocks, and a plurality of photovoltaic cells, each supported on a respective paver. In a second embodiment, each paver has a respective photovoltaic cell bonded to the top surface of the paver and has a respective insulation block bonded to the bottom surface of the paver forming a shop assembled, three-layer unit. The insulation block is also tapered with one side edge being thicker than an opposite side edge so that rain water will run off the top surface of the photovoltaic cell. The three-layer paver units are arranged on top of the roofing membrane, so that the top surfaces of the photovoltaic cells face south or in the direction of increased sun exposure. The insulation blocks have interlocking side surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates primarily to quaternized compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein m is an integer having a value of from 1 to 4; R is alkylene having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from the group of alkyl, alkyloxyalkyl, alkyloxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, alkyl amidoalkyl, alkyl carbamoylalkyl, aryl amido alkyl and aryl carbamoyalkyl radicals, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, together with the quaternized nitrogen atom can form a heterocyclic radical containing from 1 to 2 heteroatoms selected from the group of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, in which case R.sub.1 can represent a double bond in the heterocyclic structure or can be any of the aforementioned groups for R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 ; said groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is a radical having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms when R.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel supported catalyst comprising (a) copper, (b) a metal having an atomic weight greater than 100 and selected from Groups VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table and (c) an alkali metal in a weight ratio of about 8-40:0.05-5:1.5-10 and to the use of the catalyst in the hydrogenation of butyrolactone to 1,4-butanediol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel supported catalyst comprising a combination of metals with nickel as component (a), a metal having an atomic number greater than 43 from Groups VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table as component (b) and rhenium as component (c) in a weight ratio of (a):(b):(c) of about 10-90:0.05-5:0.03-10 and to the use of the catalyst for high pressure hydrogenation reactions, particularly for the hydrogenation of butanediol product containing aldehyde, butynediol and color forming impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a blend of divinyl ethers and their use as diluents for irradiation curable resins, which blend comprises between about 65 wt. % and about 35 wt. % of a hydrophobic divinyl ether containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and having a Tg of from about 20.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. and between about 35 wt. % and about 65 wt. % of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol divinyl ether.

Abstract: The invention relates primarily to quaternized polycyclic compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein m is an integer having a value of from 1 to 4; R is alkylene having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sub.2 together with the quaternary nitrogen, forms a 5 to 14 membered heterocyclic ring, said ring containing from 1 to 2 hetero atoms selected from the group of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; R.sub.1 forms a double bond in the heterocyclic ring of the quaternized nitrogen or is alkyl, alkyleneoxyalkyl, alkylhydroxy, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, alkaryl, alkylamidoalkyl and X.sup.- is a chloride, bromide or iodide anion. The invention also relates to the preparation and use of said quaternized polycyclic compounds.

Abstract: A device for supplying a film which possesses an electrically conductive layer which can be grounded is described which is composed of a spool mountable on a rotatable grounded spindle; retaining means for securing the trailing edge of an electrically conductive film wound on the spool; means for electrically connecting the spool to the grounded spindle and contact means mounted on the trailing edge of the film so as to maintain electrical contact between the conductive layer of the film and the conductive means during unwinding of the film from the spool. The device allows the continuous unwinding of the spool while maintaining a simultaneous ground connection between the conductive layer of the spool and a ground.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of N-vinyl lactams having the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer having an value of from 1 to 3 in a one-stage, non-aqueous process which comprises reacting a lactam having the formula ##STR2## with acetylene under an acetylene partial pressure of from about 25 to about 125 psig. in the presence of an inert gas diluent and a catalyst having the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are all lower alkyl or alyl or one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 can also be hydrogen and M is a metal selected from the group of cesium, potassium, sodium and lithium.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of cationic benzene carboxylate polymers, a method for their preparation and use, which polymers are defined by the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are selected from the group consisting of alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl, ##STR2## with the proviso that at least one of R and R' is quaternized; Q is hydrogen, SO.sub.3 -alkali metal, SO.sub.3 H, COOH or COO-alkali metal, between about 55% and about 90% of Q in said mixture being hydrogen and between about 10% and about 45% of Q in said mixture being other than hydrogen;a and b each have a value of from 1 to 200, except that the sum of a+b is at least 25;X is hydrogen, lower alkyl or mixtures thereof in random or block distribution when a and/or b is greater than 3;c has a value of from 2 to 10,000;R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each contain from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and are alkyl, hydroxy alkyl or alkylamido lower alkyl;R.sub.5 is ##STR3## --OH, --OCOR.sub.1 or --OR.sub.1 ; R.sub.6 is hydrogen or --COR.

Abstract: The present application relates to cationic block polyesters useful as soil release agents, softeners and antistatic agents. In addition to cleaning performance, laundry detergent compositions should have other benefits. One is the ability to impart soil release properties to fabrics woven from polyester fibers.

Abstract: A composition comprising an aqueous preparation on the basis of keratin softening, which contains as a hair swelling and penetration agent, a quaternized amino lactam having the formula: ##STR1## wherein m is an integer having a value of from 1 to 4; R is alkylene having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from the group of alkyl, alkyleneoxy alkyl, alkylhydroxy, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, and alkylene amidoalkyl radicals, said groups each having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is a radical having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms; and X.sup.- is a chloride, bromide or iodide anion. The invention also relates to the use of said quaternized compounds in hair structure altering compositions.

Abstract: The present invention involves new anti-foam compositions which control foaming in aqueous systems and by nature of their unique cloud point characteristics are insoluble and particulate above their inverse cloud point, and soluble below it. This property makes them non-depositing defoamers. As the defoamed aqueous system cools down these novel products become soluble, preventing insoluble material (pitch) from depositing on process equipment and matter being processed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer having the structure ##STR1## and mixtures thereof wherein R is a perhalogenated aromatic or cyclo aliphatic radical containing from 6 to 7 carbon atoms in the cyclic structure; R.sup.1 is hydroxy or C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkoxy; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl; EO represents the radical --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--; PO represents the radical ##STR2## m is an integer having a value of from 6 to 20; and x, y, z, x', y' and z' each represent an integer having a value of from 0 to 50 with the proviso that the sums of x+y+z and of x'+y'+z' are greater than 5.The application is also directed to the preparation and use of the above polymer.

Abstract: A novel, highly water soluble complex of a substantially insoluble organic compound and a solid homopolymer or copolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. The complex exhibits water solubilities in excess of about 25-fold that of the insoluble organic compound. A method for producing the complex is disclosed wherein the polymer and insoluble compound are dissolved in a mutual solvent, allowed to react for a period of time sufficient to form the complex, and then the solvent is removed to produce the dried highly water-soluble complex.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the manufacture of metallic filaments is provided. The method and apparatus are used in the continuous manufacture and production of metallic filaments. The apparatus comprises a vertical reactor having a vertical chamber and having three mixing nozzles disposed at the top of the chamber and three vapor lines connecting to the respective three mixing nozzles along the axes of the nozzles, and three gas lines connecting to the respective three mixing nozzles in respective tangential directions. The apparatus also has twelve ring magnets, which are coaxially disposed, and which are mounted on the outside of the vertical ractor. The apparatus also has an outlet duct at the bottom of the chamber. The three vapor lines are supplied through three respective steam-heated heat exchangers from a feed vessel for supplying iron pentacarbonyl vapor to the mixing nozzles. The three gas lines are supplied from a nitrogen receiver tank.

Abstract: A process which comprises treating butyrolactone in at least 95% purity with an acid to convert and remove color forming impurities for product stabilization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel water soluble aminobenzoic acid in a complexed state which is derived from the reaction between a poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-halogen complex and an aminobenzoic acid and to the process for the preparation of said multicomplex.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided for making a rubber-like product from rubber scrap, such as recycled tire scrap. The process includes mixing the rubber scrap with from 1 percent to 15 percent, with respect to the weight of the rubber scrap, of added sulphur, and applying a pressure thereto of about 1000 to 3000 pounds per square inch for 1 to 10 minutes at a temperature of from about 250 degrees F. to about 450 degrees F. In addition, 1 to 8 percent, with respect to the weight of the rubber scrap, of antioxidants and antiozonants are added to the mixture of rubber scrap and sulphur. The sulphur is free sulphur. Derivative sulphur compounds, or like vulcanizing agents, can be added in place of the free sulphur of about 1 to 45 percent of the weight of the rubber scrap. The rubber scrap is buffing of recycled tire rubber, or powder made from recycled tire rubber. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also provided.