Abstract: A method of protecting programs and data in computers against unauthorized access and modifications employs a programmable hardware circuit to monitor memory regions of a computer. The memory regions are divided into different access levels, and the circuit is programmed to permit access only to predetermined regions. If an unauthorized access is attempted by a program, an address corresponding to the program location initiating the unauthorized access is detected and the program is stopped. This ensures that the procedures for protecting the operating system cannot be circumvented to gain unauthorized access to data of any type. After programming of the circuit is completed, the programming cannot be changed except by actuation of a hardware switch or by re-starting the computer. Removal of the circuit will cause short circuits, thus making it impossible to shut the circuit off without being detected.

Abstract: An apparatus for the isotropic irradiation of cavity walls includes in a first channel of a catheter a light conducting fiber which has a cortically shaped tip for deflecting a light beam radially outwardly through a transparent portion of the catheter and a resiliently expandable sleeve tightly disposed around the catheter and having its interior in communication by a second channel with a fluid supply for expanding the sleeve so as form a light scattering structure whose scattering characteristics are adjustable dependent on the degree of sleeve expansion.

Abstract: Apparatus for the isotropic emission and for the isotropic reception of light which includes a light conductor having a conical distal end with a scattering body mounted thereon in spaced relationship such that a cavity is formed between the light conductor end and the scattering body. The apparatus permits access to cavities such as hollow organs for internal laser phototherapy, for example.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the quantitative depth analysis of a solid sample by backscatter analyzing the sample with the light ions, removing a thin layer of the sample by sputter etching, using a beam of medium-mass or high-mass ions to bombard the sample, backscatter analyzing the sputter etched sample, and repeatedly performing the steps of removing a thin layer of the sample and backscatter analyzing the sputter etched sample. An apparatus for performing the method includes an analysis chamber for retaining the sample to be analyzed, and first and second accelerators. The first accelerator generates fast, light ions with an energy from about 0.1 MeV to about 5.0 MeV to be directed into the chamber onto a predetermined region of the sample at a first desired predetermined bombardment angle so that the fast ions are scattered by the ions of the sample. The second accelerator accelerates a beam of slow medium-mass or high-mass ions with an energy from about 0.5 to about 10.

Abstract: An apparatus for counting individual particles in time-of-flight mass spectrometry includes a device for producing secondary particles at a high repetition rate by pulsed ion bombardment of a sample from which the secondary particles originate, an accelerator for accelerating the secondary particles, and a detector for detecting arrival of the secondary particles and producing an output signal indicating detection of a secondary particle. The output signal of the detector has a magnitude which is independent of the number of simultaneously impinging secondary particles. A fast pulse amplifier recieves the output signals and amplifies them.

Abstract: A method for indicating the value of a time varying measurement signal which may contain interference that would lead to a systematic error in the value indication, the method including: providing a representation of the measurement signal; providing a representation of a threshold value with respect to which the representation of the measurement signal has a given polarity when interference is present in the measurement signal; identifying each time period during which the measurement signal representation has the given polarity relative to the threshold value representation; and producing an indication of the value which the measurement signal has outside of each identified time period.

Abstract: A method of measuring the interaction of a fluid with a wall bounding the fluid which method includes placing tracer particles in the fluid, illuminating the particles, and measuring the movement of the particles by means of scattered light, the improvement wherein the step of illuminating comprises illuminating a region of the fluid adjacent the wall at a distance of less than about 1 micron from the wall with a light beam directed towards the interface of the fluid and the wall so that the light beam is completely reflected; and the step of measuring comprises recording the scattered light images resulting from the motion of the tracer particles in the region and evaluating the motion of the fluid adjacent the wall. The invention also describes an apparatus for practicing the novel method.

Abstract: Camera for opto-electronic scanning of any desired scene which is projected along a primary optical beam path onto a planar image field of the camera. A line image sensor having a plurality of sensor elements arranged in a line, and an auxiliary image sensor comprising a plurality of sensor elements having the form of an area array, are mounted on a carrier of a first moving means which displaces the line image sensor together with the area image sensor through the planar image field of the camera and perpendicularly to the direction of the sensor line.

Abstract: The use of pterins to increase the activity of lymphokines and other cell growth factors, and a diagnostic or theraupeutic preparation that contains pterins combined with lymphokines. Adding pterins to lymphokines can increase the activity of the lymphokines by 3 to 5 times.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for applying and using plant protection agents, preferably in agriculture and horticulture, in the form of sheets, webs and fabrics of organic material with integrated active substances. The integrated active substances slowly migrate from the polymer matrix and impose their effects at the point of application over an extended period of time. Such carrier/active substance combinations can be used as plant covers, mulches and for the production of stored crops.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for supplying noxious gas into an exposure chamber containing plants which are to be exposed, under controlled conditions over long periods of time, to an atmospheric gas which is given a defined composition by the introduction of the noxious gas or gases comprising:a circuit arrangement for controlling the mixing of the atmospheric gas with the noxious gas(es) including a respective mass flow regulator equipped with a subsequently connected shut-off valve provided in the respective gas inlet conduits with the shut-off valves being switched jointly; a premixer stage connected to the gas inlet conduits for homogeneously mixing the atmospheric and noxious gases; a buffer reservoir for the thus composed mixture of atmospheric and noxious gases; and a computer controlled dosaging device for the mixture of atmospheric and noxious gases to be introduced into the exposure chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the uniform and simultaneous illumination by means of radiation of the interior surfaces of cavities for the purpose of observation and/or irradiation. In particular, such cavities may be not only hollow organ cavities, but also cavities in non-organic objects. The solution provides that the interior of the cavities is filled, at least in part, with a light scattering or dispersing medium and the dispersing medium is caused to shine or scatter light by means of one or a plurality of radiations or scattered light. With the integral irradiation used according to the present invention, two procedures are combined technologically, namely diagnosis and therapy of, for example, carcinoma in organ cavities which have been photosensitized by chemical substances, possibly on the basis of differences in decomposition of cancerous and normal tissue.

Abstract: Method for one-time or continuous nondestructive determination of the penetration and leaching process of conductive phases in materials, wherein the conductivity of the material to be examined is measured in thin superposed layers in that, after applying voltage to pairs of oppositely disposed conductor paths associated with these layers, the current flow through separate layers of the material is measured and an increase of the current in increasingly deep layers indicates the advance of the front of the penetrating phase.

Abstract: Arrangement for measuring the fluorescence polarization of cells or particles which are aligned individually along a flow stream illuminated by means of an illumination field wherein the cells are passed in succession through two light beams so as to excite fluorescence; the directions of polarization of the two excitation beams are perpendicular to one another; a pair of detector channels are provided to successively record the two polarization components of the fluorescence at both points of excitation; and an analysis system is provided which calculates the corrected degree of fluorescence for the individual cells from the measured values provided by the detector channels.

Abstract: A process for separating and collecting iodine from a liquid phase comprising adding an acid is to the liquid phase, and then conducting the liquid phase through an activated carbon filter.

Abstract: In an ultrasonic diagnosis device composed of ultrasonic optical elements arranged to be disposed in a mass of fluid in a container together with the object to be examined in order to image the object in an image plane, a source of incoherent sound radiation for irradiating the object, a condenser lens, an imaging objective and an acoustic energy detector system, the incoherent sound radiation source is composed of a turbulence chamber containing a plurality of particles arranged to move essentially randomly relative to one another, and at least one ultrasonic transmitter for irradiating the particles in the turbulence chamber with coherent ultrasound; the imaging objective is composed of at least two individual lenses of homogeneous material which are arranged in symmetry to one another and each having lens face which faces the other lens and which has an aspherical shape; and the detector system is composed of a linear array of detectors for converting the resulting ultrasound image of the object into elect

Abstract: A measuring head 1 which contains in a shielding housing 3 a measuring chamber 5 with a surface barrier-layer detector 9 is provided for measuring the noble gas activity concentration and the aerosol activity concentration. The gas whose activity concentration is to be measured is compressed and introduced into the measuring chamber 5. Due to the pressure increase of the gas, the volume of the measuring chamber 5 and, therefore, the weight of the shielding housing 3 can be reduced.

Abstract: Panoramic detector of ions spatially distributed in different beams, comprising a plane symmetry diaphragm having an opening permitting the passage of the beams and which is brought to earth potential, an electrode for converting ions into electrons having an opening facing the diaphragm opening, the conversion electrode having the same plane of plane symmetry and being brought to a negative potential relative to the earth potential, and a planar electrode facing the conversion electrode and brought to a positive potential relative to the potential of the conversion electrode, the face of the conversion electrode facing the planar electrode having a predetermined shape in such a way that the electron beams formed retain the same spatial distribution as the beams of ion to be detected in the presence of an applied magnetic field.

Abstract: In an ultrasonic wave transmitter for generating spatially incoherent ultrasonic radiation, which transmitter includes a source of ultrasonic acoustic radiation, there are provided a member holding a fluid medium in a region exposed to the acoustic radiation, a plurality of particles immersed in the medium and having a diameter of the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the acoustic radiation and an acoustic radiation impedance different from that of the medium, and a device for subjecting the particles to an irregular movement in the medium and within the region.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the deposition of particles in the respiratory tract and/or for checking the operating function of the respiratory tract by means of pulses of gases or aerosols injected into a stream of air inhaled by a test patient and by obtaining a measuring signal in each of the inhaled and exhaled streams. The main stream of the inhaled and exhaled air is conducted directly through a band of light (3), and the region of the intersection of the band of light with at least part of the inhaled and exhaled streams is placed in the object plane of an optical image system for a light measuring device. Either the individual pulses generated by the individual particles in the inhaled and exhaled streams or the scattered radiation emanating from the gases and aerosols in these streams is measured to obtain the ratio of the exhaled to the inhaled numbers of particles and/or the concentration profile in the inhaled and exhaled streams.