Abstract: Crystalline pLNnH, useful in a pharmaceutical or nutritional composition, is disclosed.

Abstract: The application discloses a method for producing an oligosaccharide of at least four monosaccharide units, advantageously an HMO, particularly an HMO of only four monosaccharide units, said method comprising a step of: culturing, in a culture medium containing a fucosylated, sialylated or N-acetyl-glucosaminylated lactose trisaccharide as acceptor, a genetically modified cell having a recombinant gene that encodes an enzyme capable of modifying said acceptor or one of the necessary intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the oligosaccharide of at least four monosaccharide units, advantageously an HMO, particularly an HMO of only four monosaccharide units, from said acceptor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides that consists essentially of: a) a component A which is 3-FL or DFL, a component B which is LNT, LNnT, LNFP-I or 2?-FL, a component C, which is LNFP-II when component B is LNT, or LNFP-III when component B is LNnT, or LNDFH-I when component B is LNFP-I, or DFL when component B is 2?-FL, and a component D, which is lactose when component A is 3-FL, or 2?-FL when component A is DFL, with the proviso that if component B is 2?-FL, then component A is 3-FL; or consists essentially of: b) 3-FL, a component E which is LNT, LNnT or LNFP-I, and a component F, which is LNFP-II when component E is LNT, or LNFP-III when component E is LNnT, or LNDFH-I when component E is LNFP-I, and to processes for producing them and their uses.

Abstract: A synthetic mixture of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) consisting essentially of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL), 3?-O-sialyllactose (3?-SL), 6?-O-sialyllactose (6?-SL) either difucosyllactose (DFL) or 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), preferably DFL, and optionally lactose. Said synthetic composition is useful for: treating or preventing viral and/or bacterial infection in a non-infant human; modulating the microbiota of a non-infant human; and/or improving the cognitive function of a non-infant human and as a pharmaceutical or nutritional composition.

Abstract: An achemo-enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides of formula 1 is presented wherein R is selected from —OH, —N 3 and —OR 6 wherein R 6 is selected from allyl optionally substituted by one or more methyl, propargyl optionally substituted by one or more methyl, 2-trimethylsilyl-ethyl, —(CH 2) n —NH 2 and —(CH 2) n —N 3 wherein integer n is to 10, preferably 2 or 3, R is selected from sialyl moiety, —SO 3 H and —CH(R)—COOH wherein R is selected from H, alkyl and benzyl, R 2 is selected from H and fucosyl, R 3 is selected from H and sialyl, R 4 is selected from H and fucosyl, provided that at least one of R 3 and R 4 is H, and A is a divalent carbohydrate linker, having important biological activities and significant commercial value for the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Abstract: A method of diversification of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or precursors thereof, compounds obtainable by the method, and uses and compositions involving such compounds. The method comprises a) providing at least one compound or a mixture of the compounds selected from the group consisting of: optionally sialylated and/or fucosylated lactose derivatives of general formula 2 and salts thereof; b) adding at least one enzyme comprising a transglycosidase activity to the at least one compound or a mixture of compounds provided according to step a); and c) incubating the mixture obtained according to step b).

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of making a mixture of 2?-FL and DFL in high yield by culturing, with lactose, a genetically modified cell having a recombinant gene that encodes a single fucosyl transferase. The resulting mixture of 2?-FL and DFL can be subjected to hydrolysis initiated by an acid or mediated by a fucosidase to produce fucose in high yields.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for enhancing the stability of a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) or a HMO precursor or a HMO blend when stored for extended periods at temperatures above 25° C. by spray-drying an aqueous solution of the HMO or HMO precursor to remove at least 90% of the water and providing a HMO or a HMO precursor or a HMO blend with a specific glass transition temperature. Also disclosed is a method for removing organic solvent residues from a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) or a HMO precursor or a HMO blend by spray drying. Also disclosed is a method of enhancing the bioavailability of a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) or a HMO precursor or a HMO blend by spray drying.

Abstract: Crystalline 3-O-fucosyllactose, useful in a pharmaceutical composition and a nutritional formulation, is disclosed.

Abstract: Crystalline difucosyllactose, useful in a pharmaceutical composition and a nutritional composition, is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a glycoconjugate comprising an oligosaccharide part covalently linked to a non-sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, longer alkyl groups, polyethylene glycols, ?,?-unsaturated amido group and polyvinyl alcohols, using a genetically modified cell.

Abstract: A crystalline LNnT polymorph IV, characterized in that it displays X-ray powder diffraction reflections, based on a measurement using CuK? radiation, at 8.16, 15.41, 39.14, 23.77, 7.77 and 31.15 2? angles, and a crystalline LNnT polymorph V, characterized in that it displays X-ray powder diffraction reflections, based on a measurement using CuK? radiation, at 9.15, 10.26, 19.68, 26.06, 20.61 and 1 1.89 2? angles, are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism for making a recombinant oligosaccharide, preferably of 3-8 monosaccharide units, more preferably of 3-5 monosaccharide units, particularly a HMO, which comprises one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system, so the microorganism can use sucrose as a carbon and energy source. The one or more genes encoding a sucrose utilization system are preferably one or more genes encoding a heterologous PTS-dependent sucrose utilization transport system, such as the scr genes.

Abstract: A method of diversification of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or precursors thereof, compounds obtainable by the method, and uses and compositions involving such compounds. The method comprises a) providing at least one compound or a mixture of the compounds selected from the group consisting of: optionally sialylated and/or fucosylated lactose derivatives of general formula 2 and salts thereof; b) adding at least one enzyme comprising a transglycosidase activity to the at least one compound or a mixture of compounds provided according to step a); and c) incubating the mixture obtained according to step b).

Abstract: The application discloses a method for producing an oligosaccharide of at least four monosaccharide units, advantageously an HMO, particularly an HMO of only four monosaccharide units, said method comprising a step of: culturing, in a culture medium containing a fucosylated, sialylated or N-acetyl-glucosaminylated lactose trisaccharide as acceptor, a genetically modified cell having a recombinant gene that encodes an enzyme capable of modifying said acceptor or one of the necessary intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the oligosaccharide of at least four monosaccharide units, advantageously an HMO, particularly an HMO of only four monosaccharide units, from said acceptor.

Abstract: A method of diversification of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or precursors thereof, compounds obtainable by the method, and uses and compositions involving such compounds. The method comprises a) providing at least one compound or a mixture of the compounds selected from the group consisting of: optionally sialylated and/or fucosylated lactose derivatives of general formula 2 and salts thereof; b) adding at least one enzyme comprising a transglycosidase activity to the at least one compound or a mixture of compounds provided according to step a); and c) incubating the mixture obtained according to step b).

Abstract: An achemo-enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides of formula 1 is presented wherein R is selected from —OH, —N3 and —OR6 wherein R6 is selected from allyl optionally substituted by one or more methyl, propargyl optionally substituted by one or more methyl, 2-trimethylsilyl-ethyl, —(CH2)n—NH2 and —(CH2)n—N3 wherein integer n is to 10, preferably 2 or 3, R is selected from sialyl moiety, —SO3H and —CH(R)—COOH wherein R is selected from H, alkyl and benzyl, R2 is selected from H and fucosyl, R3 is selected from H and sialyl, R4 is selected from H and fucosyl, provided that at least one of R3 and R4 is H, and A is a divalent carbohydrate linker, having important biological activities and significant commercial value for the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the synthesis of compounds of general formula (1A) and salts thereof wherein one of the R groups is an ?-sialyl moiety and the other is H, X1 represents a carbohydrate linker, A is a D-glucopyranosyl unit optionally substituted with fucosyl, R1 is a protecting group that is removable by hydrogenolysis, the integer in is 0 or 1, by a transsialidation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparation of the trisaccharide 6?-O-sialyllactose (formula (I)) or salts thereof as well as intermediates in the synthesis and for the use of 6?-O-sialyllactose salts in pharmaceutical or nutritional compositions.

Abstract: A method for generating human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or precursors thereof, compounds obtainable by the method, and uses and compositions involving such compounds. The method comprising the steps of a) providing at least one donor selected from the group of compounds of any of formulae 5 to 10, b) providing at least one acceptor from a group of lactose, LNT, LNnT and derivatives thereof, c) providing at least one enzyme comprising a transglycosidase activity and/or a glycosynthase activity, d) preparing a mixture of the at least one donor, at least one acceptor and at least one enzyme provided in steps a), b) and c); and e) incubating the mixture prepared according to step d).