Abstract: A method is disclosed of fabricating a mirror for use in limited rotation motor systems, said method comprising the steps of providing a mirror structure including at least one wall section, and exposing the at least one wall section to a fluid etching agent to thereby provide chemical milling of the mirror structure.

Abstract: A nesting stemware drinking vessel generally provides a body and a base releasably interconnectable in at least two configurations, a first configuration forming conventional stemware vessel for containing and drinking liquids and a second configuration wherein portions of the base are enclosed within an interior volume defined by the body to minimize space required for storage of the base and body to eases transport and minimizes the risk of breakage when not in use. Plural locking protrusions on an upper surface of the base releasable frictionally engage with a circumferentially extending inner lip of an aperture of the body.

Abstract: A combined plenum divider/hopper is provided for a grain drying tower. The divider/hopper is positioned in the drying tower proximate the heater for the drying tower and is operable to adjust the ratio of the length of the heating portion of the plenum to the length of the cooling portion of the plenum.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of laser processing that includes the steps of: generating a sequence of RF pulses corresponding to a sequence of laser pulses having a laser pulse repetition rate, the RF pulses including transmitting RF pulses at transmitting RF frequencies and non-transmitting RF pulses at non-transmitting RF frequencies for causing the sequence of laser pulses to be deflected in respective transmitting and non-transmitting directions, each RF pulse comprising an RF frequency, an RF amplitude and a duration; controlling each RF pulse such that the sequence of RF pulses provides a modulated RF drive signal that is modulated to provide a balanced thermal loading on the acousto-optic deflector; applying the modulated RF drive signal to the acousto-optic deflector; and deflecting at least one laser pulse with the acousto-optic deflector using the modulated RF drive signal to irradiate a selected target position with a predetermined pulse energy.

Abstract: For increasing the laser damage threshold (LDT) of diffraction gratings, particularly of multi-layer dielectric diffraction (MLD) gratings, the invention proposes a method for treating a diffraction grating to be used in a high energy laser apparatus having a first laser with the steps of providing the diffraction grating, providing a second treatment laser and irradiating the diffraction grating with laser light from the second treatment laser until the laser damage threshold of the diffraction grating has increased. Furthermore, the invention proposes a diffraction grating treated according to the method, as well as a laser system, which comprises such a diffraction grating.

Abstract: A corner assembly for a tube conveyor system comprises a housing defining a wheel receiving area and a flow path with ports at opposite ends of the flow path. A wheel rotatably received in the wheel receiving area comprises a rim having an upper surface and a lower surface; a pair of spaced apart channels formed in at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the rim; and at least one flapper pivotally mounted to the wheel inside of the rim. The flapper is freely movable between a position in which it is aligned with a wall of one of the channels and a position in which it is aligned with a wall of the other of the channels. Thus, when the wheel rotates, the flapper will sweep any material in the wheel receiving area towards and through one of the channels and into the flow path.

Abstract: A method, system and scan lens for use therein are provided for high-speed, laser-based, precise laser trimming at least one electrical element along a trim path. The method includes generating a pulsed laser output with a laser, the output having one or more laser pulses at a repetition rate. A fast rise/fall time, pulse-shaped q-switched laser or an ultra-fast laser may be used. Beam shaping optics may be used to generate a flat-top beam profile. Each laser pulse has a pulse energy, a laser wavelength within a range of laser wavelengths, and a pulse duration. The wavelength is short enough to produce desired short-wavelength benefits of small spot size, tight tolerance, high absorption and reduced or eliminated heat-affected zone (HAZ) along the trim path, but not so short so as to cause microcracking. In this way, resistance drift after the trimming process is reduced.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for determining control parameters for an irradiation system by means of which a number of irradiation doses are successively deposited at different target points in a target volume.

Abstract: A method and system for locally processing a predetermined microstructure formed on a substrate without causing undesirable changes in electrical or physical characteristics of the substrate or other structures formed on the substrate are provided. The method includes providing information based on a model of laser pulse interactions with the predetermined microstructure, the substrate and the other structures. At least one characteristic of at least one pulse is determined based on the information. A pulsed laser beam is generated including the at least one pulse. The method further includes irradiating the at least one pulse having the at least one determined characteristic into a spot on the predetermined microstructure. The at least one determined characteristic and other characteristics of the at least one pulse are sufficient to locally process the predetermined microstructure without causing the undesirable changes.

Abstract: A control parameter is determined for a system for irradiating a predetermined target volume in a body with a particle beam. The system is constructed to direct the particle beam at a multiplicity of target points in the target volume in succession in order to produce at, each of the target points a predetermined dose distribution in a region around the target point. The control parameter controls the extent of an overlap of the dose distribution of a first target point with the dose distributions of neighboring target points. For determination of the control parameter, there is first determined a movement parameter which quantitatively characterizes the movement of the body at the first target point. The control parameter is determined in dependence on the movement parameter.

Abstract: A method of processing material of device elements by laser interaction is disclosed. According to one aspect, the method includes generating a pulsed laser processing output along a laser beam axis, the output including a plurality of laser pulses triggered sequentially at times determined by a pulse repetition rate. A trajectory relative to locations of device elements to be processed is generated. A position of one or more designated device elements relative to an intercept point position on the trajectory at one or more laser pulse times is determined, and a laser beam is deflected based on the predicted position within a predetermined deflection range. According to some aspects, the predetermined deflection range may correspond to a compass rose or cruciform field shape. As a result, a deflection accuracy for laser processing may be improved.

Abstract: A method actuates a device for irradiating an object that has at least one target volume to be irradiated and at least one volume to be protected. The method includes defining at least one signal dose value for the volume to be protected and irradiating the object at least one of at least at times and at least in part with hadron irradiation. A dose introduced into the volume to be protected during the irradiation of the object is determined and at least one signal is emitted as soon as the introduced dose exceeds at least one signal dose value in at least one point of the volume to be protected.

Abstract: A method for controlling dosage application during irradiation of a moveable target volume in a body with an energy beam by scanning the target volume includes, before irradiating an i-th grid position, determining a dosage during the irradiation process using the movement data, wherein the dosage already contains the i-th grid position during irradiation of the previous grid positions (1<=k<i). Depending on the determined dosage that already contains the i-th grid position during the irradiation of the previous grid positions (1<=k<i), a compensation value for the i-th grid position is calculated, and depending on the compensation value and on the nominal particle fluence for the i-th grid position, a compensated particle fluence (Fikomp) is calculated for the i-th grid position in order to irradiate the i-th grid position with the compensated particle fluence (Fikomp).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of laser processing methods and systems, and specifically, to laser processing methods and systems for laser processing multi-material devices. Systems and methods may utilize high speed deflectors to improve processing energy window and/or improve processing speed. In some embodiments, a deflector is used for non-orthogonal scanning of beam spots. In some embodiment, a deflector is used to implement non-synchronous processing of target structures.

Abstract: Laser-based methods and systems for removing one or more target link structures of a circuit fabricated on a substrate includes generating a pulsed laser output at a predetermined wavelength less than an absorption edge of the substrate are provided. The laser output includes at least one pulse having a pulse duration in the range of about 10 picoseconds to less than 1 nanosecond, the pulse duration being within a thermal laser processing range. The method also includes delivering and focusing the laser output onto the target link structure. The focused laser output has sufficient power density at a location within the target link structure to reduce the reflectivity of the target link structure and efficiently couple the focused laser output into the target link structure to remove the target link structure without damaging the substrate.

Abstract: A corner assembly for a tube conveyor system comprises a housing defining a wheel receiving area and a flow path defining an angle and having ports at opposite ends of said flow path. A wheel is rotatably received in the wheel receiving area. The wheel comprises a rim having an upper surface and a lower surface; at least one pair of spaced apart channels formed in at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the rim; and at least one flapper pivotally mounted to said wheel inside of said rim. The flapper is freely movable between a first position in which the flapper is aligned with a wall of one of the channels and a second position in which the flapper is aligned with a wall of the other of the channels. Thus, when the wheel rotates, the flapper will sweep any material in the wheel receiving area towards and through one of the channels and into the flow path.

Abstract: A laser system for processing conductive link structures includes a seed laser generating a seed laser beam. The seed laser is sliced by a modulator into a user configurable series of pulses and the pulses are optically amplified and applied to a conductive link structure. Preferably, the bandwidth of the seed laser is less than 1 nm with an IR center frequency, and the frequency of the laser light of the pulses is doubled or quadrupled prior to application to the conductive structure. Preferably, the pulses are about 1-18 nanosecond pulsewidth and are separated by 100-400 nanoseconds.

Abstract: An energy-efficient method and system for processing target material such as microstructures in a microscopic region without causing undesirable changes in electrical and/or physical characteristics of material surrounding the target material is provided. The system includes a controller for generating a processing control signal and a signal generator for generating a modulated drive waveform based on the processing control signal. The waveform has a sub-nanosecond rise time. The system also includes a gain-switched, pulsed semiconductor seed laser for generating a laser pulse train at a repetition rate. The drive waveform pumps the laser so that each pulse of the pulse train has a predetermined shape. Further, the system includes a laser amplifier for optically amplifying the pulse train to obtain an amplified pulse train without significantly changing the predetermined shape of the pulses.

Abstract: A system for irradiating a predetermined target volume in a body with a particle beam is constructed to direct the particle beam at a multiplicity of target points in the body in succession, in order to produce at each of the target points a predetermined dose distribution. For the system there is determined a planning target volume by first determining, in a fictive homogeneous body, a target volume equivalent to the minimum target volume in the body. The equivalent target volume is extended by a safety margin, in order to determine the planning target volume.

Abstract: A method and system for locally processing a predetermined microstructure formed on a substrate without causing undesirable changes in electrical or physical characteristics of the substrate or other structures formed on the substrate are provided. The method includes providing information based on a model of laser pulse interactions with the predetermined microstructure, the substrate and the other structures. At least one characteristic of at least one pulse is determined based on the information. A pulsed laser beam is generated including the at least one pulse. The method further includes irradiating the at least one pulse having the at least one determined characteristic into a spot on the predetermined microstructure. The at least one determined characteristic and other characteristics of the at least one pulse are sufficient to locally process the predetermined microstructure without causing the undesirable changes.