Abstract: In the preparation of substituted 2-cyanocinnamic esters by the Knoevenagel condensation of cyanoacetic esters and carbonyl compounds, the reaction times for obtaining high yields can be considerably reduced by using C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids and ammonium compounds as catalysts.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved method for recovering an organic acid as a salt from various process streams by addition of a crystallizing base to a concentrated solution of neutralized organic acid. The addition of such a base causes crystallization of the salt. This process provides more efficient recovery of organic acid salt from a fermentation process stream than traditional crystallization and it may be used essentially as a one step purification process. The improved method is particularly applicable to the recovery of trisodium or tripotassium citrate from process streams produced in the fermentation and recovery of citric acid, with the addition of a crystallizing base such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, or ammonia. The resulting product may be combined with an anticaking agent and/or dried to provide a particularly free flowing product.

Abstract: Ferulic acid, vanillic acid, coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde can be prepared from eugenol with the aid of a new Pseudomonas species.

Abstract: Coniferyl aldehyde can be prepared from eugenol with the aid of fungi or their constituents.

Abstract: The invention relates to new derivatives of macrocyclic lactones, a process for their preparation, a pyrolysis process using these new derivatives and the use of the pyrolysis products for the preparation of saturated macrocyclic lactones.

Abstract: Ketals, preferably glycerol ketals such as, for example, 1-menthone glycerol ketal or 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone glycerol ketal, have a physiological cooling effect and are therefore suitable as active compounds in compositions which are intended to cause a sensation of freshness on human skin or mucous membrane.

Abstract: The invention discloses an antimicrobial composition composed of a hypothiocyanate generating system adjusted to a pH between about 1.5 and about 5 with a di or tricarboxylic acid. This composition provides synergistically improved antimicrobial action. With the addition of the organic acid, the antimicrobial composition provides effective cidal activity against Gram negative microorganisms in 20 minutes or less. The composition is particularly effective against Salmonella and may be used to provide greater than 6 logs reduction in viable cell count.

Abstract: Ethers of 1-hydroxy-hex-5-en-2-one are useful odoriferous substances which have a very complex fragrance pattern and allow an interesting variation in the scent of perfume oils.

Abstract: New nitriles which are odoriferous substances having an extremely fresh note are accessible by Knoevenagel condensation of 2-cyclopentyl-cyclopentanone and cyanoacetic acid and decarboxylation of the reaction product.

Abstract: Dimethylfuryl-dihydro-1,3,5-dithiazines are useful flavorings having low taste threshold values. They impart a coffee or mocha taste, in particular to drinks, confectionery and bakery products.

Abstract: The invention relates to new thio-alkanones of the formula ##STR1## in which X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom,R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl group and the broken lines represent a single bond or no bond,to a process for their preparation and their use as flavorings.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for preparing a particulate citric acid or an alkali metal alkaline earth metal salt thereof. The method involves spray granulating citric acid or a salt thereof from its partially purified fermentation broth to form granules which are freer flowing and less inclined to fracture than is citric acid or its salts prepared by crystallization techniques which properties render the material prepared by the present method suitable for handling in bulk.

Abstract: The invention relates to new alkadienenitriles of the formula ##STR1## in which n is an integer from 5 to 9, a process for their preparation and their outstanding suitability as odororiferous substances.

Abstract: Disclosed are 1- and 2-mono esters of citric acid and methods for preparing them in the pure form. These novel compounds are useful as surfactants.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for preparing a particulate citric acid material. The method involves spray granulating citric acid from its partially purified fermentation broth to form granules which are freer flowing and less inclined to fracture than is citric acid prepared by crystallization techniques which properties render this material suitable for handling in bulk.

Abstract: The invention discloses an antimicrobial composition composed of an antimicrobial polypeptide and a hypothiocyanate component. Synergistic activity is seen when the composition is applied at between about 30 and 40 degrees Centigrade at a pH between about 3 and about 5. The composition is useful against gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella. A preferred composition is nisin, lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide. Such a composition is capable of reducing the viable cell count of Salmonella by greater than 6 logs in 10 to 20 minutes.

Abstract: Alkali metal citrates are prepared by the addition of an alkaline alkali metal base or salt to citric acid solutions and recovered in solid form by the addition of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 alcohol to the solution to cause precipitation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of natural vanillin is disclosed wherein eugenol and/or isoeugenol is oxidized microbially to vanillin using microorganisms of the genera Serratia, Klebsiella or Enterobacter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for inhibiting the contamination of processed meat products by pathogenic or spoilage microorganisms which method involves treating the surface of the meat product with a lanthionine bacteriocin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition comprising a mixture of acylated diesters of dl-malic acid corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## where P is palmityl and S is stearyl.