Abstract: An inverse rectifier for use with a high voltage transformer of an x-ray generator has an air-core coil disposed between the load output and two switching transistors in a half-bridge circuit. The junctions of the air-core coils with the switching transistors are cross-connected to a constant voltage source through respective diodes which block the constant voltage. An RC element is connected in parallel with each air-core coil.

Abstract: A circuit for measuring anode current in an X-ray tube having an anode and a heater electrode both operable at high voltage, includes a heater transformer generating current pulses with a timewise constant first pulse repetition frequency and an adjustable duty cycle, a first frequency separator connected in series with the heater transformer for receiving the output thereof, a high voltage-proof transformer having a primary winding connected in series with the first frequency separator, and separate first and second secondary windings, the first secondary winding being connected to the heater for supplying heater current for the X-ray tube, an anode circuit connected to the anode of the X-ray tube including a current/duty cycle converter generating a current with a constant second pulse repetition frequency different from the first pulse repetition frequency, the first secondary winding being connected to the current/duty cycle converter for supplying voltage from the high voltage-proof transformer, a second

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp such as a flashbulb consisting of an anode and a cathode in a transparent housing, the cathode being composed of a sintered member made up of powdered titanium (Ti), and vanadium (V), as well as at least one of the other metals tantalum (Ta) or niobium (Nb), the particles having a grain size of no more than 50 microns, and the Ti being present in a precentage of at least 40% by weight, and the V content being at least 10% by weight.

Abstract: A high voltage supply circuit for an x-ray tube includes a high voltage transformer having a primary side driven by voltage pulses generated by a drive circuit. The drive circuit includes sub-circuits for controlling the pulse repetition frequency, which is selected as equal to a parallel resonant frequency of a high voltage generator connected to the secondary side of the transformer, for the purpose of saving energy. The drive circuit also includes a sub-circuit for controlling the pulse duration, with the filament voltage in the x-ray tube being regulated by this pulse duration.

Abstract: Method for examining the content of containers, which includes weighing the container, comparing the weight of the container with a total weight derived from the net weight of a given load and the product of the volume and the packing weight of the given load, transilluminating the container with a spatially limited high energy X-ray beam, moving the container relative to the X-ray, and determining and evaluating the distribution of the mass attenuation coefficient over at least one surface of the container, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for a light scattering type smoke detector has a radiation transmitter and receiver which are each preceded by a lens for obtaining a generally parallel field of view for each of the transmitter and receiver. The radiation is directed at a detection zone which is surrounded by diaphragms and the fields of view for the transmitter and receiver terminate in a light trap for preventing unwanted scattering and reflection. The transmitter and receiver are disposed at an acute angle with respect to each other and the receiver detects only back-scattered radiation from smoke particles in the detection area. This structure allows a relatively short structural length to be utilized along a common optical axis of the transmitter and receiver.

Abstract: A double layer having a hetero-junction interface for a storage electrode of an electro-optical camera device is produced by vacuum vapor deposition of n-conductive cadmium selenide or cadmium sulfo-selenide onto a n.sup.+ -conductive signal electrode layer comprised of tin oxide. The cadmium material to be vapor deposited is admixed with a small amount of a glass additive, such as boron oxide, the admixture sintered in vacuum and thereafter the cadmium material is vapor-deposited onto the signal electrode without spattering. The resultant hetero-junction is substantially free of metallic cadmium and such double layer is particularly useful in a Vidicon target.

Abstract: A process for producing a gas discharge lamp particularly useful as a flash tube comprising a glass tube, which contains an inert gas with a preformed sintered glass body sealed into each end and containing at least one electrical connector pin of an electrode extending therethrough in a sealed fashion, characterized by providing a glass tube, providing the sintered glass preforms for each end of the glass tube, sealing each of the glass bodies in the respective ends of the glass tube, and filling the glass tube with the desired amount of inert gas prior to completing the formation of all the seals between the glass tube and the glass bodies. The process preferably is accomplished in an apparatus having a chamber which can be evacuated and which can contain a controlled atmosphere at a desired pressure.

Abstract: A thermal image exposure plate is disclosed having a grid pattern on one side thereof exposed to thermal radiation. The grid pattern depth is less than a thickness of the plate. High image resolution and image sensitivity results. The plate is useful in thermal image exposure devices, particularly in a pyroelectric picture tube.

Abstract: A camera tube for thermal imaging is disclosed comprising an entrance window of an electrically conductive material, a target for converting the thermal image, and an electron beam system for scanning the target. Incident thermal radiation is modulated by means of a mechanical chopper functioning as a modulator directly in front of the entrance window. The entrance window is electrically isolated from the target and is preferably grounded. By so doing, the target is shielded against electrical influences due to the modulator.

Abstract: A target plate for converting information-carrying thermal radiation to a storable or visual form is a carrier comprising the conversion layer having a grid thereon formed by adjoining regular polygons the borders of which are defined by an array of holes in the conversion layer. The holes may be aligned points or rectangular slots, and are arranged in the conversion layer to minimize lateral thermal transfer within the conversion layer, thereby separating the conversion processes within the conversion layer and resulting in improved resolution of the converted image. For use in a pyroelectric thermal vidicon an electrode layer is applied to one surface of the target plate.

Abstract: A flash tube is disclosed having metallic end caps attached either in the shape of a plate or a cup upon ends of a glass or quartz tube. They are attached by adhesive, or are soldered on by soldering glass. One of the end caps internally supports a sintered body as a cathode. Soldering temperatures and a distance of the sintered body from the soldered joint when soldering glass is used are chosen such that no activating metal of the sintered body evaporates, since this reduces the work function of the electrons at the ends of the tube.

Abstract: A Zr-C sintered body is charged with H.sub.2 to form zirconium hydride within the body and such body is positioned in working association with a heating means within an electronic tube, such as a vidicon tube, which utilizes hydrogen as a supporting gas. During an operation of such tube, the sintered body is heated and releases an amount of H.sub.2 therefrom as a function of the temperature while the sintered body acts as a getter for any residual gases within the tube, other than H.sub.2, at elevated operating temperatures.

Abstract: In an infrared motion alarm an optical filter arranged in front of an input of an infrared detector is attached to a heat sink in the form of a solid metal crucible in order to reduce the sensitivity to glass-penetrating electromagnetic radiation. Changes in radiation absorbed in the optical filter are either captured in the thermal sink or decelerated at least as to the characteristic thermal radiation of the optical filter and no longer fall within the characteristic range of change of the motion alarm.

Abstract: A contactless conductance potentiometer is provided in which the total conductance between two electric terminals can be selectively divided, the two parts being equal to the total conductance. This can be accomplished by using a ring-shaped photoconductor on a substrate, the ring-shaped photoconductor being divided along a diametral line. One exterior electrode is located on the substrate in a position surrounding one portion of the ring-shaped photoconductor and being in contact with the marginal edge thereof. The remaining part of the ring-shaped photoconductor is in marginal contact with the second exterior electrode. A tapping electrode is mounted inside the ring-shaped photoconductor and is in marginal contact with the inner edge of the ring-shaped photoconductor.

Abstract: The present invention involves a structure of a contactless ohmic resistance potentiometer. A current path between two exterior electrodes is provided by a photoconductor, and a means is provided for causing an exposure of a portion of the length of the photoconductor between one exterior electrode and a tapping electrode. This permits a voltage division between two exterior electrodes. The usable surface of the photoconductor layer is delimited by an exterior electrode and a tapping electrode having a definite geometric course between the exterior electrodes. The distance ratio from the tapping electrode to the two exterior electrodes is varied by means of displacing the exposure of the photoconductor which causes the active partial surface of the photoconductor to be varied at will.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for use with an infrared detector characterized by a concave mirror surrounding the infrared detector, a body having a plane reflecting surface extending perpendicular to the axis of the detector, which surface faces the detector and the conical concave mirror, and having a conical reflecting surface extending from the plane surface, and at least one planar directional mirror pivotably mounted for reflecting infrared radiation at the conical reflecting surface. The arrangement can be used to monitor a space and if used with a second arrangement, whose directional mirrors are arranged to provide new sensing curtains adjacent the curtains of the first detector, the arrangement can determine the direction of movement of the object passing through the space.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for a passive infrared motion detector which has an infrared detector unit and a system for directing infrared radiation from at least two separate directions to be monitored onto the detector unit characterized by the system including a single focusing device and separate, flat reflecting surfaces or directing mirrors, which are arranged with at least one flat reflecting surface associated with each direction to be monitored to reflect a beam or solid angle of radiation from the direction onto the single focusing device which device will focus the radiation along a folded beam path to the detector unit.

Abstract: A passive infrared alarm device evaluates the changes in infrared radiation level of a monitored room or a monitored portion of a room for alarm purposes. In accordance with the invention, an infrared sensing element is employed toward which an optical reflector directs infrared radiation emanating from one or more angles in a room to be monitored. An infrared filter is mounted in the path of the reflected infrared radiation before such radiation reaches the sensing element. The infrared filter is designed to absorb infrared radiation below a predetermined minimum wavelength, and additional means is provided for partially absorbing infrared radiation below the predetermined minimum at the reflector.

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp having a glass tube with preformed sintered glass bodies sealed to each end with each body carrying at least one connector pin for an electrode so that at least one electrode is disposed and supported adjacent each end of the discharge tube. The glass bodies may be sealed in the discharge tube either by glass solder, an organic adhesive or a combination of both.