Abstract: The invention provides an inorganic reaction system for the preparation of electroconductive paste. Particularly, an inorganic reaction system comprises conductive glass. The inorganic reaction system may comprise a silver containing matrix forming composition. The silver containing matrix composition may comprise at least one of silver oxide or silver halide, or both. The invention also provides solar cells manufactured utilizing an electroconductive paste comprising an inorganic reaction system comprising conductive glass, and methods of manufacturing solar cells utilizing an electroconductive paste comprising an inorganic reaction system comprising conductive glass.

Abstract: An electroconductive paste comprising first copper particles having a specific surface area of about 0.15-1.0 m2/g, second copper particles having a specific surface area of about 0.5-2.5 m2/g, glass frit and an organic vehicle. According to another embodiment of the invention, the first copper particles are about 60-80 wt. % of the paste, while the content of the second copper particles is up to about 20 wt. % of the paste. According to another embodiment, the glass frit is lead-free and is about 1-10 wt. % of the paste. Preferably, the glass frit comprises a boron-zinc-barium oxide glass frit. According to another embodiment, the paste further comprises copper oxide. Another embodiment of the invention relates to an electroconductive paste comprising about 60-95 wt. % copper component, a boron-zinc-barium oxide glass frit, and an organic vehicle.

Abstract: Formulations and methods of making solar cells are disclosed. In general, the invention presents a solar cell contact made from a mixture wherein the mixture comprises a solids portion and an organics portion, wherein the solids portion comprises from about 85 to about 99 wt % of a metal component, and from about 1 to about 15 wt % of a lead-free glass component. Both front contacts and back contacts arc disclosed.

Abstract: Electrically conductive polymeric compositions adapted for use in forming electronic devices are disclosed. The compositions are thermally curable at temperatures less than about 250° C. Compositions are provided which may be solvent-free and so can be used in processing or manufacturing operations without solvent recovery concerns. The compositions utilize (i) fatty acid modified epoxy acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s), (ii) fatty acid modified polyester acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s), or combinations of (i) and (ii). Also described are electronic assemblies such as solar cells using the various compositions and related methods.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to electroconductive paste formulations useful in solar panel technology. In one aspect, the disclosure relates to an inorganic reaction system for use in electroconductive paste compositions, wherein the inorganic reaction system comprises a lead containing matrix composition and a tellurium containing matrix composition. In another aspect, the disclosure relates to an electroconductive paste composition comprising a conductive metal component, an inorganic reaction system and an organic vehicle. Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a solar cell produced by applying an electroconductive paste composition of the invention to a silicon wafer. Yet another aspect relates to a solar cell module assembled using solar cells produced by applying an electroconductive paste composition to a silicon wafer, wherein the electroconductive paste composition comprises an conductive metal component, an inorganic reaction system and an organic vehicle.

Abstract: Electrically conductive polymeric compositions adapted for use in forming electronic devices are disclosed. The compositions are thermally curable at temperatures less than about 250° C. Compositions are provided which may be solvent-free and so can be used in processing or manufacturing operations without solvent recovery concerns. The compositions utilize (i) fatty acid modified epoxy acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s), (ii) fatty acid modified polyester acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s), or combinations of (i) and (ii). Also described are electronic assemblies such as solar cells using the various compositions and related methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic reaction system used in the manufacture of electroconductive pastes. The inorganic reaction system comprises a lead containing composition and elemental tellurium, where in the lead containing composition is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system, and the elemental tellurium is between 5-95 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system. More preferably, the lead containing composition is between 40-90 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system, and the elemental tellurium is between 10-40 wt. % of the inorganic reaction system. The lead containing composition can be a glass frit and can further comprise lead oxide. Another aspect of the invention relates to an electroconductive paste composition that comprises metallic particles, an inorganic reaction system as disclosed, and an organic vehicle. Another aspect of the invention relates to an organic vehicle that comprises a binder, a surfactant, a solvent, and a thixatropic agent.

Abstract: Solar cell conductor formulations made are from two silver powders having different particle size distributions, an aluminum powder, and two frit glass compositions having softening points in the range of 250-700° C. and whose softening points differ by at least 10° C.

Abstract: Paste compositions, methods of making a paste composition, photovoltaic cells, and methods of making a photovoltaic cell contact are disclosed. The paste composition can include a conductive metal component such as aluminum, phosphate glass, phosphorus compounds such as alky! phosphate, and a vehicle. The contact can be formed on a passivation layer on a silicon wafer by applying the paste on the passivation layer and firing the paste. During firing, the metal component can fire through the passivation layer, thereby electrically contacting the silicon substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides an electroconductive paste comprising 50-90 wt. % of copper particle, 0.5-10 wt. % of a glass frit, 0.1-5% wt. % of adhesion promoter, which is at least one selected member from the group consisting of cuprous oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, boron resinate, zirconium resinate, amorphous boron, lithium phosphate, bismuth oxide, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide, and 5-20 wt. % of an organic vehicle. An article comprising an aluminum nitride substrate and electroconductive paste of the invention is also provided. A method of forming an electroconductive circuit comprising is also provided.

Abstract: Formulations and methods of making solar cells are disclosed. In general, the invention presents a solar cell contact made from a mixture wherein the mixture comprises a solids portion and an organics portion, wherein the solids portion comprises from about 85 to about 99 wt % of silver, and from about 1 to about 15 wt % of a glass component wherein the glass component comprises from about 15 to about 75 mol % PbO, and from about 5 to about 50 mol % SiO2, and preferably with no B2O3.

Abstract: A dielectric coating material system for use in a single-sided back contact solar cell is disclosed. The material system serves to electrically isolate electrodes of opposite polarity types on the same side of a silicon-based solar cell, and includes titanium and phosphorus.

Abstract: Solar cell contacts having good electrical performance are made by a process involving: (a) providing a silicon wafer substrate; (b) providing a paste comprising: (i) aluminum, (ii) glass frit, and (iii) a separate and distinct amount of at least one oxide, such that, together with the aluminum, the glass frit and oxide forms a paste having an exothermic reaction peak, at a temperature of at least 660° C. to less than 900° C., (c) applying the paste to the silicon wafer substrate to form a coated substrate, and (d) firing the coated substrate for a time and at a temperature sufficient to sinter the aluminum and fuse the glass frit and oxide.

Abstract: A sealing glass composition including about 30-95 wt % glass or ceramic particles, and about 1-50 wt % organic vehicle, wherein the organic vehicle comprises an acrylic resin component and a solvent, based upon 100% total weight of the sealing glass composition, wherein the composition has a viscosity of at least about 200 kcPs and no more than about 1450 kcPs, is provided. A method of applying a sealing glass composition to a substrate comprising the steps of providing a metal substrate, providing a supporting sheet having a front surface coated with a releasing agent, depositing a sealing glass composition onto the front surface of the releasable sheet, drying the sealing glass composition to form a sealing glass composition decal, removing the sealing glass composition decal from the front surface of the supporting sheet, and placing the dried sealing glass composition decal onto a metal substrate, is provided.

Abstract: Formulations and methods of making solar cell contacts and cells therewith are disclosed. The invention provides a photovoltaic cell comprising a front contact, a back contact, and a rear contact. The back contact comprises, prior to firing, a passivating layer onto which is applied a paste, comprising aluminum, a glass component, wherein the aluminum paste comprises, aluminum, another optional metal, a glass component, and a vehicle. The back contact comprises, prior to firing, a passivating layer onto which is applied an aluminum paste, wherein the aluminum paste comprises aluminum, a glass component, and a vehicle.

Abstract: The invention provides an electroconductive paste comprising metallic particles and an organic vehicle comprising an aldehyde resin and a solvent. The invention also provides an electroconductive paste comprising metallic particles comprising at least two types of metallic particles selected from the group consisting of a first metallic particle having an average particle size d50 of at least about 1 ?m and no more than about 4 ?m, a second metallic particle having a d50 of at least about 8 ?m and no more than about 11.5 ?m, and a third metallic particle having d50 of at least about 5 ?m and no more than about 8 ?m, and an organic vehicle. The invention further provides an article comprising a glass substrate comprising a transparent conductive oxide coating and a conductive electrode formed by applying aforementioned conductive paste on said glass substrate, and a method of producing such an article.

Abstract: Formulations and methods of making solar cells are disclosed. In general, the invention provides a solar cell comprising a contact made from a mixture wherein, prior to firing, the mixture comprises at least one aluminum source, at least one boron source, and about 0.1 to about 10 wt % of a glass component. Within the mixture, the overall content of aluminum is about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of the mixture, and the overall content of boron is about 0.05 to about 20 wt % of the mixture.

Abstract: Al pastes with additives of Co, Sr, V, compounds thereof and combinations thereof improve both the physical integrity of a back contact of a silicon solar cell as well as the electrical performance of a cell with such a contact.

Abstract: Electroconductive paste compositions, particularly for solar cells, contain electroconductive metal particles, glass particles, and an organic vehicle. The electroconductive metal particles are provided as a mixture of silver powder particles and at least one selected from nickel powder, tin (IV) oxide powder, and core-shell particles having a silver shell and a core of nickel and/or tin (IV) oxide. The pastes may be used in the manufacture of contacts or electrodes for the front side or back side of solar cells.

Abstract: Electrically conductive polymeric compositions adapted for use in forming electronic devices are disclosed. The compositions are thermally curable at temperatures less than about 250° C. Compositions are provided which may be solvent-free and so can be used in processing or manufacturing operations without solvent recovery concerns. The compositions utilize (i) fatty acid modified epoxy acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s), (ii) fatty acid modified polyester acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer(s) and/or oligomer(s), or combinations of (i) and (ii). Also described are electronic assemblies such as solar cells using the various compositions and related methods.