Abstract: Methods are provided for the production of bendamustine alkyl ester, bendamustine, as well as derivatives thereof. With the methods the production of these compounds is possible in reproducibly high yields. To this end, hydroxyl-group-containing esters are used as the starting material, whose hydroxyl groups are substituted in a simple way by halogen groups. This substitution is possible in the presence of (i) oxalyl chloride and (ii) dialkylformamide, dialkyl acetamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. In a subsequent reaction, the resulting esters can be hydrolyzed to form the acid.

Abstract: A device for coating at least regions of a medical implant including a powder having at least one pharmaceutically active substance or one bone growth-promoting substance such that the powder can be transferred to the medical implant when the medical implant is contacted.

Abstract: A device for coating a medical implant includes a container that contains a liquid having at least one pharmaceutically active substance. An elastic head for application of the liquid onto a surface to be coated is connected to an inside of the container through at least one channel.

Abstract: A device for coating at least regions of a medical implant includes an elastically deformable transfer means having a liquid that contains at least one pharmaceutically active substance. The liquid can be transferred to the medical implant when the transfer means is contacted with a surface of the medical implant.

Abstract: A sintering method allows components to be joined to each other in a stable way at a processing temperature of less than 200° C., producing stable contact points having low porosity and high electrical and thermal conductivity. The method includes (a) providing a sandwich arrangement having at least a first component, a second component, and a metal paste located between the first and second components, and (b) sintering the sandwich arrangement. The metal paste includes (A) 75-90 wt. % of at least one metal present in the form of particles having an organic compound-containing coating, (B) 0-12 wt % of at least one metal precursor, (C) 6-20 wt % of at least one solvent, and (D) 0.1-15 wt % of at least one sintering agent selected from (i) salts of C1-C4 organic acids, (ii) esters of C1-C4 organic acids, and (iii) carbonyl complexes.

Abstract: One aspect relates to a medical implant, for example, implantable stimulation electrode, having a tight substrate and a porous contact region. One aspect also relates to a lead of a cardiac pacemaker having an implantable stimulation electrode and to a method for manufacturing a medical implant, for example, an implantable stimulation electrode. A medical implant according to one aspect is characterized in that the implant includes a sintered body with graduated porosity.

Abstract: A TFT structure is provided in which an oxidic semiconductor is used in combination with an electrode material based on a Cu alloy.

Abstract: A system for wirelessly obtaining a measurement of a characteristic of a molten metal is disclosed. The system includes a contact block configured to be operatively coupled to a first end of a substantially hollow lance holder. The contact block is detachably and electrically coupled to and receives analog signals from a measurement sensor. The contact block converts the received analog signals into ultrasonic signals and transmits the ultrasonic signals through the hollow of the lance holder. A receiver block is configured to be operatively coupled to a second end of the lance holder. The second end is opposite the first end of the lance holder. The receiver block receives the ultrasonic signals from the contact block and converts the received ultrasonic signals into a digital voltage signal.

Abstract: A method is provided for analyzing samples of metal melts, wherein a sample is taken from a metal melt using a sampler having a sample chamber and which is constructed as an immersion lance. The method includes transporting the sample from the sampler through a transport conduit to the sphere of action of an analytical device, and analyzing the sample there using the analytical device.

Abstract: An optoelectronic component including a connection carrier including an electrically insulating film at a top side of the connection carrier, an optoelectronic semiconductor chip at the top side of the connection carrier, a cutout in the electrically insulating film which encloses the optoelectronic semiconductor chip, and a potting body surrounding the optoelectronic semiconductor chip, wherein a bottom area of the cutout is formed at least regionally by the electrically insulating film, the potting body extends at least regionally as far as an outer edge of the cutout facing the optoelectronic semiconductor chip, and the cutout is at least regionally free of the potting body.

Abstract: Dental material is provided with at least one antimicrobial active substance that is applied onto inorganic particles or organic polymer beads and is bound non-covalently to the particles or polymer beads. This results in a dental material on which plaque colonisation is prevented.

Abstract: A simple method is provided for firmly-bonded connection of an electronic component to a substrate, which dispenses with the use of lead-containing paste solders and leads to a contact layer featuring sufficiently high resistance to heat fatigue in an environment characterized by incessant periodical temperature variations, and featuring high thermal and electrical conductivity.

Abstract: A recycled deposition source is ruthenium (Ru) or Ru-based alloy material in the form of a powder material having a size not greater than a 325 mesh size and having an average tap density greater than about 5 gm/cm3. The power material may be non-porous and not agglomerated The recycled deposition source may have less than about 500 ppm of iron and less than about 500 ppm of oxygen. The recycled deposition source may be a recycled Ru or RuCr deposition source, where the recycled Ru or RuCr deposition source has a density comparable to a density of a Ru or RuCr deposition source fabricated from virgin Ru or RuCr powder material, and has a hardness greater than a hardness of a Ru or RuCr deposition source fabricated from virgin Ru or RuCr powder material. The recycled deposition source may be in the form of a sputtering target.

Abstract: A housing between mineral-insulated cable and connecting wire in a turbocharger overheating protection device may include the following characteristics: coiled regions of springs (10) arranged point-symmetrically to each other; or the springs (10) are not placed on axes; or the coil regions of the coil springs (10) for cushioning the film resistor are shorter than its substrate length and longer than its substrate width; or the connecting wires of the film resistor are shorter than its substrate length and longer than its substrate width; or the springs are arranged staggered in their longitudinal direction adjacent to each other; or coil springs (10) are used, in which the coils are located only in one half of the spring (10) and the coils of one spring are arranged staggered in the longitudinal direction to the coils of the other spring (10).

Abstract: A device is provided for collection of gases in molten metals, the device having an immersion end with a gas collection body, a gas supply line opening at the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for gases penetrating the gas collection body. The gas collection body is impermeable to molten metal and has an end face arranged on the immersion end and side walls of the collection body. At least a portion of the gas collection body has a gas impermeable layer arranged on a surface of the side walls of the gas collection body. A measurement method is also provided using the device.

Abstract: A lamp unit includes a mercury vacuum lamp and a reflector, wherein a discharge chamber containing a filling gas extends along the longitudinal axis of the lamp unit. In order to provide a lamp unit comprising particularly high power and power density and high efficiency of UVC emission on the basis thereof, the discharge chamber forms a circumferential ring gap (6) or an interrupted ring gap, bounded by a radiating shell (8) and a reflector shell (9) associated with the reflector (5).

Abstract: A sputtering target is provided which ensures the production of unvaryingly homogenous layers of the sputtering material during the lifespan of the sputtering target. The sputtering target includes a mixture of oxides of indium, zinc, and gallium, the mixture containing at least one ternary mixed oxide of indium, zinc, and gallium and at least one amorphous phase. The portion of ternary mixed oxides of indium, zinc, and gallium is at least 50 weight percent, relative to the total weight of the mixture, and the portion of amorphous phase is at least 20 weight percent, relative to the total weight of the mixture.

Abstract: A medical lead includes a first wire coil having an outer diameter and a marker coil having an inner diameter. The marker coil is assembled over the first wire coil. The outer diameter first wire coil is smaller than the inner diameter of the marker coil thereby defining a gap. A second wire coil substantially fills the gap between the first wire coil and the marker coil. A ball weld is formed at an end of the medical lead adjacent each of the first and second wire coils and adjacent the marker coil.

Abstract: A drop-in probe is provided for determining phase changes of a sample removed from a molten steel by thermal analysis. The probe includes a measurement head that has an immersion end and in which is arranged a sample chamber having an inlet opening and a thermocouple projecting with its hot solder joint into the sample chamber and having a cable bushing for signal cables of the thermocouple. The cable bushing emerges from the measurement head out of a discharge opening on an end of the measurement head opposite the immersion end. A straight line between the immersion end and the discharge opening forms a longitudinal axis of the measurement head, and a theoretical plane through the hot solder joint and through a part of the inlet opening farthest away from the immersion end is formed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A sensor, particularly an impedance sensor, for example a soot sensor, is provided which has two mutually electrically insulated electrodes, wherein at least one external electrode is formed from a composite of metal and inorganic oxide as a film pattern having a film thickness of 0.5 to 20 ?m. The trace width of the film pattern and the spacing between the traces is 5 to 70 ?m and the border region around the conductor trace edge varies less than 10 ?m. Both electrodes can be arranged adjacent to each other as a film pattern in a plane. Preferably, the sensor has a heater. For mass production, electrodes are produced as a film pattern having a film thickness of 0.5 to 20 ?m on electrically insulating oxide bases and, following full-surface imprinting of a metal powder and oxide-containing paste, the electrodes are structured particularly accurately as traces from the printed film. In particular, the film thickness of the printed film is reduced.