Abstract: An apparatus obtains a set of radio data comprising signal strength related values for radio signals transmitted by a transmitter with an association of each signal strength related value with a representation of a geographical location. The apparatus applies a frequency transform to the obtained set of radio data to obtain transform coefficients, each transform coefficient comprising a transform index and an associated transform value. The apparatus selects a subset of transform indices having more significant transform values than the remaining transform indices and compresses the transform indices by encoding each transform index exploiting a probability of occurrence of an index value of a respective transform index. The same or another apparatus decodes the compressed transform indices again for use in position operations.

Abstract: A method is provided to automatically create road and lane geometry from images representing map geometry within a geographical area using object detection. Methods may include: receiving a rasterized image representative of map geometry within a geographic area, where each pixel of the rasterized image includes a property representing at least one component of the map geometry; applying an object detection model to the rasterized image; generating a list of the bounding boxes together with classes of objects within the bounding boxes based on the object detection model; generating map data from the list of bounding boxes and the classes of objects within the bounding boxes; and updating a map in a map database with the map data.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror assembly is provided. The vehicle mirror assembly, for example, includes a housing attachable to a vehicle. The vehicle mirror assembly also includes a reflective surface coupled to the housing or covering an opening in the housing. The vehicle mirror assembly further includes a movable sensor coupled to the housing or contained in a space formed by the housing and reflective surface. The vehicle mirror assembly further includes an actuator assembly configured to modify an orientation, a position, or a combination thereof of the movable sensor in response to a control signal.

Abstract: A method is provided for automatically creating road and lane geometry from images representing probe data within a geographical area using graph estimation. Methods may include: receiving a rasterized image representative of map geometry within a geographic area, where each pixel of the rasterized image includes a property representing at least one feature of the map geometry; identifying pixels within the rasterized image corresponding to nodes of one or more map elements as node pixels; determining, for a respective node pixel, presence of a next node based on the at least one property of the respective node pixel; determining for the respective node pixel, a location corresponding to the next node based on the at least one property of the respective node pixel; generating, from a sequence of node pixels, at least one map element; and updating a map in a map database with the at least one map element.

Abstract: A method is provided automatically creating map geometry from data from various sources gathered within a geographical area using data aggregation and conflation with statistical analysis. Methods may include: receiving observation data associated with a geographic area; rasterizing objects within the observation data onto corresponding channels in a raster image corresponding to the geographic area having a given resolution; determining a distribution of locations of the objects parameterized by values in different channels in the raster image from the observation data; extracting analytic geometries from the raster image; generating map geometry based on the extracted analytic geometries; and updating a map database with the generated map geometry.

Abstract: An approach is disclosed for computing a spatial footprint index. The approach involves, for example, receiving, by one or more processors, information indicating that one or more physical items are associated with a user, a set of users, or a combination thereof. The approach also involves determining, by the one or more processors, spatial data indicating a physical space occupied by the one or more physicals items. The approach further involves computing, by the one or more processors, a spatial footprint index for the user, the set of users, or a combination thereof based on the spatial data, wherein the spatial footprint index is a quantified representation of the physical space occupied by the one or more physical items. The approach further involves providing, by the one or more processors, the spatial footprint index as an output.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided for providing signature reduction for a vehicle. For example, the apparatus receives a destination for a vehicle as input, selects a subset from a plurality of road segments as a route from a location to the destination, and outputs the route or a portion thereof. The subset is selected based on association of each of the plurality of road segments with respect to a source, and the source is capable of acquiring vehicle signature information.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a system, a method, and a computer program product for verification of traffic incident. The system may be configured to receive a traffic incident trigger. Based on the traffic incident trigger, the system may select one or more vehicles for verification of the traffic incident detected at a location. The system may determine a route of travel for each vehicle of the selected one or more vehicles based on the location of the detected traffic incident. The system may reroute the selected one or more vehicles on the respective route of travel determined for each vehicle. The selected one or more vehicles are rerouted to record data of the traffic incident. The system may further verify the detected traffic incident based on the data of the traffic incident recorded by the rerouted one or more vehicles.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for surveillance of road environments via deep learning. In this regard, one or more features for vehicle sensor data associated with one or more vehicles traveling along a road segment proximate to a vehicle are determined. The vehicle includes one or more sensors that captures the vehicle sensor data. Furthermore, vehicle behavior data associated with the one or more vehicles is predicted using a machine learning model that receives the one or more features. The machine learning model is trained for detection of vehicle behavior based on historical vehicle sensor data and one or more rules associated with the road segment. The vehicle behavior data is also encoded in a database to facilitate modeling of vehicle behavior associated with the road segment.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided for predicting tire temperature levels. In one example, the apparatus receives input data indicating attributes of the target vehicle and attributes of target routes for the target vehicle. The apparatus causes a machine learning model to generate output data as a function of the input data, where the output data indicate a subset of the target routes of which the target vehicle can successfully traverse while using the at least one spare tire. The machine learning model is trained to generate the output data as a function of the input data based on training data, where the training data indicate events in which vehicles used spare tires to traverse routes. The training data indicate attributes of the vehicles and attributes of the routes.

Abstract: An approach is provided for location sharing using a LiDAR-based location signature. The approach involves, for example, receiving a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scan of a location captured by a LiDAR sensor of a portable device. The approach also involves processing the LiDAR scan to generate a LiDAR location signature that is representative of the location of the portable device. The approach further involves transmitting the LiDAR location signature to another device to share the location of the portable device with the another device.

Abstract: A network apparatus determines a route from an origin traversable map element (TME) to a target TME. The route comprises a list of route TMEs to be traveled from the starting location to the target location. The network apparatus identifies adjacent TMEs to the route, wherein an adjacent TME is a TME of the digital map that intersects the route and is not a route TME; determines an expected traffic delay for each adjacent TME based on traffic data; separates the adjacent TMEs into a plurality of delay groups based on the corresponding expected traffic delays; generates delay encoding data structures; and provides the delay encoding data structures and information identifying the route. Each delay encoding data structure encodes a map version agnostic identifier for the adjacent TMEs of one of the delay groups and is a probabilistic data structure configured to not provide false negatives.

Abstract: A system for dynamic determination of safety distance between vehicles is disclosed. The apparatus retrieves a first safety distance between a subject vehicle and a preceding vehicle of a set of vehicles within a first pre-determined distance of the subject vehicle. The preceding vehicle is traveling directly ahead of the subject vehicle. The apparatus further obtains a set of features associated with one or more of the set of vehicles, one or more of a set of users driving the set of vehicles, or a combination thereof. The apparatus further determines a second safety distance to be maintained between the subject vehicle and the preceding vehicle based on the first safety distance and the set of features. The second safety distance is less than the first safety distance. The apparatus further outputs the determined second safety distance on a user interface.

Abstract: System and methods for detecting and obtaining lane level insight in unplanned incidents. Probe-based vehicles and lane-level insight using a lane-level map-matcher are used to acquire information. This information is aggregated and used to differentiate lane activity in terms of traffic and safe navigation. With the identification of probes per-lane and probe speeds per-lane, sudden reductions in probe speeds may be obtained at a lane-based level. This is used to verify or detect lane-level incident or hazard warnings and consequently alert a driver to safer navigation paths ahead of time, for example alerting the driver to maneuver to a different lane or to take an alternative route.

Abstract: An approach is provided for automated purpose limitation and compatibility verification on a data platform. The approach, for example, involves generating metadata that indicates a purpose that has been allowed for processing a dataset. The approach also involves storing the metadata in a metadata catalog to associate the purpose with the dataset. The approach further involves querying the metadata catalog to perform a verification of a compatibility of the purpose with a requested purpose for a new processing activity of the dataset, to perform a limitation of the new processing activity, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A network device stores a radio map comprising map data configured to enable radio-based positioning within a geographic area. The radio map is associated with a plurality of instances of quality information, with each instance of quality information corresponding to a respective location within the geographic area. The network device receives a quality information request corresponding to a geographic region within the geographic area. The quality information request is associated with an entity. Based on a determination of whether a contribution by the entity to a portion of the map data that corresponds to the geographic region satisfies one or more significance criteria, the network device either provides or withholds quality information corresponding to the geographic region.

Abstract: An approach is provided for determining placement location(s) in a public space for a shared micro-mobility vehicle. The approach involves identifying a candidate placement location in the sidewalk area. The approach also involves determining factor(s) associated with the location and/or nearby location(s) in the sidewalk area. The approach further involves making a determination of whether the location is suitable for temporary placement of a shared micro-mobility vehicle based on whether the location enables: (i) avoiding interference between the vehicle and a current/predicted people flow, a bicycle lane, and/or one or more objects, (ii) preventing the vehicle from hindering usage of a point of interest, a vehicle parking area, and/or a transit station, or (iii) accommodating the vehicle to a sidewalk configuration. The approach further involves based on the determination, outputting an indication of whether the location is suitable for temporary placement of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for collecting and maintaining road event information, where point-based road event location data from transportation authorities, construction companies, vehicle sensors, or combinations thereof, is susceptible to location sensor errors, digital map errors, and/or map mismatching errors. Errors less than a selected threshold are filtered by categorizing or grouping reports of point-based locations into segments along links in a representation of a road, providing improved accuracy of reporting of road events.

Abstract: An approach is provided for aggregating an incident route based on high-resolution sampling. The approach involves receiving location data points representing a path traveled. The approach also involves generating an initial link set comprising a first predetermined number of traveled link options based on an initial location data point. The approach further involves determining a second predetermined number of probable matching road links of the geographic database for a next location data point. The approach further involves computing probabilities for respective pairs of the traveled link options and the probable matching road links. Each probability indicates a pair of a likelihood that a traveled route option and a probable matching road link are connected. The approach further involves aggregating the respective pairs to reduce a number of the respective pairs into the first or another predetermined number of traveled link options of a new link set based on the probabilities.

Abstract: Systems and methods for vehicle routing may be based on wireless network performance data. A vehicle route includes one or more path segments included in the route based on the wireless performance data. The vehicle route may be updated based on updated wireless performance data. Driving assistance features of a vehicle may be enabled by the wireless performance data, and different driving assistance features may be enabled or disabled on the vehicle route according to changes in wireless performance data. As the vehicle traverses the route, the driving assistance features may be enabled or disabled based on the wireless performance data for the path segment. The vehicle route may be updated to continue to enable a set of the driving assistance features.