Abstract: A waste incineration heat conversion system has an incinerator for burning waste discharged from an installation, a heat recovering section for recovering the heat generated by combustion of the waste in the incinerator, a cold generating section for generating cold by utilizing the thus recovered heat, and a pipe line for conveying the thus generated cold to the installation so that the thus conveyed cold is utilized in the installation for a purpose.

Abstract: A cooling system for an electric automobile is characterized in that a heat source is forcibly cooled with a coolant of non-freeze solution, forcibly recirculated through a pipe.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which comprises: a shield casing made of a metal plate and having fixing pawls and fixing hooks; an middle frame for holding a liquid crystal display; and a lower casing for packaging back lights, wherein the fixing pawls of said shield casing are bent in corresponding recesses formed in the middle frame, and wherein the fixing hooks of said shield casing are fitted on corresponding projections formed on the lower casing.

Abstract: In a semiconductor integrated circuit having a plurality of electronic circuits each provided with interfaces used for effecting signal transmission, and supplied with operating voltages from a plurality of independent power supply terminals, protective elements each having high threshold voltages at which the elements are off in the ordinary state of power supply are provided, and a resistor and a diode both for preventing electrostatic breakdown are connected to the gate of an input MOSFET of the interface for carrying out signal transmission between the electronic circuits. Even when a high voltage due to static electricity is applied to each power supply terminal while the semiconductor integrated circuit is handled, electrostatic breakdown of the interface can be prevented by the protective element or the electrostatic breakdown preventive circuit comprising a resistor and a diode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device which includes at least one of (1) an input buffer circuit formed of an input level converter and a non-inverting buffer circuit and an inverting buffer circuit each including BiCMOS circuitry which effects high-speed operation; (2) a decoder circuit formed of plural logic gates each of which is composed of the combination of MOS and bipolar circuitry; (3) a sense amplifier circuit including a multiemitter transistor; (4) a signal or address transition detector circuit which includes input circuits each receiving, for example, an address signal of a voltage amplitude and outputting a current amplitude signal in response to a change in level of the address signal, and a detector circuit connected thereto which has a cascode amplifier arranged such that it receives current amplitude signals at an input thereof and in which the cascode amplifier input is maintained at a substantially constant voltage, in which the detection circuit detects a transition of one or more of the current amplitu

Abstract: A plurality of scanning tunnelling microscopes and operating them at a time, a control circuit, a memory circuit and an arithmetic circuit are integrated on the same chip and movement of a movable electrode is controlled by the arithmetic circuit and control circuit on the basis of information stored in the memory circuit. An actuator utilizing electrostatic force is formed and the scanning tunnelling microscope is operated by the actuator. A plurality of movable electrodes are provided with scanning probes, respectively, and the positions of the plurality of movable electrodes relative to objects are controlled at a time.

Abstract: There is disclosed a magnetic disk having a surface shape so designed as to satisfy flying and sliding characteristics in CSS and to avoid head adhesion even in a high-density recording. The surface shape of the contact surface of the magnetic disk for contact with a sliding surface of a magnetic head plays a very important role in the magnetic disk characteristics such as the head flying characteristics, the head adhesion and the CSS characteristics, and it has been found that a three-dimensional load ratio BR5 (0.5% to 10%) and a symmetric property Rsk (0.5 to 2) of a cross-section curve representing depressions and projections on the surface are essential as items of evaluation of this surface shape. For example, the surface shape of an aluminum alloy disk plated with Ni-P is processed in such a manner that the load ratio of the three-dimensional load ratio BR5 is 0.5% to 10% and that the symmetric property Rsk of the cross-sectional shape of this surface is 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: An engine control unit is configured to detect the revolution of an engine and to obtain the intensity of both the first order component of revolution for every combustion (one cycle per combustion) and the second order component of revolution. The second order is twice as much as the first order component. The unit further obtains dispersion or deviation in these intensities. Thereby, it is possible to detect combustion conditions and to correct them to desirable conditions.

Abstract: A two level inverter having a switching element the switching frequency of which is higher than that of GTO, and providing a continuous control substantially over a full range of output voltages wherein the two level inverter comprises as its pulse modes an asynchronous bipolar modulation mode, a multi-pulse mode of an overmodulation mode, and a one pulse mode, and wherein advantageously the multi-pulse mode and the one pulse mode are arranged to be changed, thereby to enable a continuous control of its output voltage and reduce tone changes in the magnetic noise as well.

Abstract: A three-dimensional graphic system includes a scene origination equipment, a rendering apparatus and a display device. The user interface unit of the scene origination equipment displays on the display screen of the display device. The user interface unit of the scene origination equipment displays on the display screen of the display device a graph which represents the relationship between a distance from a point generated with a cursor and the density of the generated point. The setting of the shape of the displayed graph is accepted on the display screen, and the relationship between the distance from the generated point of the cursor and the density of the generated point is determined in accordance with the accepted setting of the shape of the graph.

Abstract: The discharge capability of zinc oxide elements is determined. A current of a given energy quantity is allowed to flow through a zinc oxide element to generate heat. The element is photographed by a camera and the temperature distribution of the element is obtained from the photographed image. The maximum temperature and the minimum temperature are determined and simultaneously the distance l between the points which show both the temperatures is determined. The difference .DELTA.T between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature is divided by the distance l to obtain an index .DELTA.T/l. The relation between the index and the discharge capability is previously obtained and this relation is stored in a memory. Using the stored relation, a discharge capability corresponding to the obtained index is obtained.

Abstract: An imaging method for spatial distributions of concentrations of absorbers distributed in an object including a radiation step of applying pulsating or continuous light radiated from predetermined incident positions with predetermined wavelengths to the object in the form of a scattering medium containing the absorbers, and a detection step of detecting intensities of light passing through the object at predetermined detection positions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing animation image wherein at least one characteristic value is given to at least one point to be observed in a space in which an animated object is contained, and the position of the animated object is modified in each frame of a plurality of successive frames on the basis of a value obtained through observation by the animated object of at least one of the characteristic values given to the point to be observed.

Abstract: A RISC processor is arranged to reduce a code size, make the hardware less complicated, execute a plurality of operations for one machine cycle, and enhance the performance. The processor is capable of executing N instruction each having a short word length for indicating a single operation or an instruction having a long word length for indicating M (N<M) operations. When the number of operations to be executed in parallel is large, the long-word instruction is used. When it is small, the short-word instruction is used. A competition between the long-word instructions is detected by hardware and a competition between the short-word instructions only is detected by software. The simplification of the hardware brings about improvement of a machine cycle, improvement of a code cache hit ratio caused by the reduction of a code size and increase of the number of operations to be executed in parallel for the purpose of enhancing the performance.

Abstract: An image composing and displaying apparatus includes frame memory constituent elements of an identical structure, a video input portion, a video output portion, a controller for selecting connection of each element to the video input or output portion, and an image drawing portion for reading and writing video data from and in the memory elements. The memory elements can be used for the input and output operations and hence the size thereof can be easily expanded; moreover, the numbers of the elements respectively connected to the video input and output portions can be adaptively varied.

Abstract: An ion trapping mass spectrometer permitting highly sensitive mass spectrometry through in-situ observation. The mass spectrometer comprises ion trapping electrodes, a laser device for generating a cooling laser beam and a photo detector. The ion trapping electrodes generate a field in which to store sample ions and laser-cooled probe ions concurrently. The ions are cooled by laser as well as by the effect of sympathetic cooperative cooling, whereby intense resonance scattering light is acquired from the probe ions. An analyzing AC electric field is applied to the sample ions while the field is being scanned in frequency. Resulting changes in the resonance scattering light and spatial distribution of the probe ions are observed for mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The control unit arbitrarily selects a disk unit among the disk units that are inactive when the control unit receives an input/output request involving either read or staging. For a write request, the control unit selects a master disk unit in the disk unit group for the immediate writing of data, and a disk unit other than the above-mentioned master disk is preferably selected to execute the read and staging unit. After writing is used to write the data into the other disk units after the write request execution is completed by writing to the master disk unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first unit, a second unit and a liquid crystal layer. The first unit has a first substrate, plural first electrodes formed on the first substrate and in parallel, a first nonlinear resistance film having a thickness of about 0.3 to 0.5 .mu.m and located to cover said first substrate and said plural first electrodes, and a first insulating film formed on said first nonlinear resistance film and to have a thickness of about 0.04 to 0.07 .mu.m. The second unit has a second substrate, plural second electrodes formed on the second substrate and located in parallel to each other and to cross the first electrodes at right angles respectively, a second nonlinear resistance film having a thickness of about 0.3 to 0.5 .mu.m and formed to cover said plural second electrodes and said second substrate, and a second insulating film formed on said second nonlinear resistance film and having a thickness of about 0.04 to 0.07 .mu.m.

Abstract: A magnetic field generator has a superconductive coil immersed in a coolant material. When power is supplied to the superconductive coil from a suitable power source, the superconductive coil is energized to generate the magnetic field. The ends of the superconductive coil may then be shorted through a persistent current switch, to maintain the magnetic field without the need for further power. The persistent current switch has a superconductive connection connected across the ends of the superconductive coil and a heater. These components are enclosed in a casing with a gap between these components and the casing. Apertures in the casing permit coolant material to enter the gap. When the heater is energized, it heats the coolant material in the gap until it vaporizes. There is then a significant decrease in the thermal conductivity through the gap and hence the superconductive connection is heated rapidly to its critical temperature. Only low power is needed.

Abstract: A safe and controllable method of treating a secondary battery having at least one component containing alkali metal, comprises the steps of opening the battery casing, and introducing a gas containing at least one of water vapor and alcohol vapor into a closed chamber containing the battery thereby to form alkali metal hydroxide. To control hydrogen concentration, the rate of introduction of water and/or alcohol vapor may be varied. Apparatus for carrying out this method is also described.