Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including a liquid crystal panel of a plurality of dots, an X drive circuit for supplying display information of at least one line to the liquid crystal panel and a Y drive circuit for selecting one-dot data for each line of the liquid crystal panel, the X drive circuit and the Y drive circuit enabling energization of the liquid crystal panel. A plurality of memories are provided for receiving a plurality of bits of information data and for storing at least M dot display information data so as to enable display of a respective line of the liquid crystal panel, M being an integer.

Abstract: A focusing apparatus for video camera or the like in which a change-over between automatic focusing and manual focusing is possible comprises an endlessly rotatable and hand-worked manipulator, a detector for detecting the direction and amount of manipulation or rotational movement of the manipulator, and a controller/driver for moving a part of optical elements in an optical system along its optical axis direction in a direction corresponding to the direction of manipulation of the manipulator detected by the detector and by a distance corresponding to the amount of manipulation of the manipulator detected by the detector, thereby taking the focus.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display system capable of making a display of 2.sup.i+j (i, j: positive integers) kinds of tones display includes a frame rate control device for selecting one out of frame rate control data of 2.sup.j kinds in accordance with j-bit display data included in (i+j)-bit display data, i and j being positive integers, a multi-level tone pulse generator for generating display pulses of 2.sup.i +1 kinds including at least activation for display, inactivation for display, and intermediate display corresponding to an intermediate level, and a selection drive device for selecting a display pulse of one kind out of display pulses of 2.sup.i +1 kinds in accordance with the frame rate control data supplied from the frame rate control device and i-bit display data and applying the selected display pulse to a liquid crystal panel, the i-bit being different from the j-bit.

Abstract: If information is to be recorded on and reproduced from a recording medium in correspondence between a code train in the form of a run-length-limited code and the positions of the leading edge and the trailing edge data of a status transition pattern such as pits, recording domains, a sync signal is inserted at regular intervals in the information converted in the form of the run-length-limited code. The sync signal is constituted by a code train capable of deciding that the sync signal includes a code not existing in the conversion rule into a run-length-limited code during reproduction using a leading edge data or trailing edge data relative to the transition pattern.

Abstract: If information is to be recorded on and reproduced from a recording medium in correspondence between a code train in the form of a run-length-limited code and the positions of the leading edge and the trailing edge data of a status transition pattern such as pits, recording domains, a sync signal is inserted at regular intervals in the information converted in the form of the run-length-limited code. The sync signal is constituted by a code train capable of deciding that the sync signal includes a code not existing in the conversion rule into a run-length-limited code during reproduction using a leading edge data or trailing edge data relative to the transition pattern.

Abstract: A disk-like optical information recording medium in/from which information can be optically recorded/reproduced along a virtual track virtually defined in a spiral or concentric circular form on the recording medium is provided with a pair of wobbling pits provided for each predetermined data record unit and shifted in position in opposite senses of a radius direction with respect to a virtual track center and a group of at least two pits provided at specified positions in association with a leading one of the paired wobbling pits. The pit group forms together with the leading wobbling pit a mark following a predetermined modulation rule applied upon recording of information and changes between tracks adjacent to each other in the radius direction.

Abstract: If information is to be recorded on and reproduced from a recording medium in correspondence between a code train in the form of a run-length-limited code and the positions of the leading edge and the trailing edge data of a status transition pattern such as pits, recording domains, a sync signal is inserted at regular intervals in the information converted in the form of the run-length-limited code. The sync signal is constituted by a code train capable of deciding that the sync signal includes a code not existing in the conversion rule into a run-length-limited code during reproduction using a leading edge data or trailing edge data relative to the transition pattern.

Abstract: A tape loading mechanism used in a recording and reproducing apparatus for extracting a tape from a cassette and for winding it on a tape guide drum on which a rotating head for recording information on or reproducing information from the tape is mounted. A guide base, on which a group of guides for extracting the tape from the cassette are mounted, is rotatably supported by a shaft on a drive member that drives the guide base. An attitude control member is installed along the path of travel of the guide base to engage with the sides of the guide base to control the rotating angle of the latter.

Abstract: A half-tone color representation system suitable for use with a multi-color liquid crystal display panel, each display dot of which is constituted by three primary color pixels. More than eight different colors are represented with the three primary color pixels by providing a "half-tone" state of a pixel which is realized through successive ON-OFF controlling of the pixel. Flicker in the half-tone color representation of the display dot is reduced by causing the patterns or timings of successive ON-OFF controlling of the three primary color pixels to be different from one another.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image pickup apparatus and method and system for controlling the exposure of the image pickup apparatus. The image pickup apparatus includes a circuit for detecting a voltage corresponding to a current value of an iris, a circuit for generating a voltage corresponding to a desired iris value, a circuit for comparing the two voltages, and a circuit for controlling the iris based on the result of the comparison so as to keep the iris value at the desired value, in which the exposure start time of an image pick-up device is changed in an increment/decrement of one horizontal scanning period and/or in an increment/decrement of a period shorter than one horizontal scanning period to thereby make it possible to perform manual-iris mode automatic exposure control.

Abstract: A thermal transfer recording device including a thermal line head having heat generating elements thereon, a record paper in form of a roll of paper, a platen roller disposed in opposition to the thermal band, an ink jet sheet interposed between the platen roller and the thermal head and extending on opposite sides with respect to the platen roller, and at least a first record paper transport device disposed upstream in the transporting direction of the record paper with respect to the platen roller for at least feeding the record paper from the roll of paper toward the platen roller.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit capable of enlarging and displaying a picture and adapted for use in an apparatus in which a desired picture is selected, and a video signal representative of the desired picture under interlaced scanning is received, stored in a memory and processed to provide an enlarged video signal, includes a real signal/interpolated signal preparation circuit for preparing, from the stored video signal, new scanning lines for an image to be enlarged, and a memory processing circuit having switching control function to store an output signal of the real signal/interpolated signal preparation circuit in a memory, read the video signal out of the memory at a period different from a period at which the output signal is stored in the memory, and delay a read-out signal by one or more fields so that an enlarged signal is delivered.

Abstract: In a television receiver in which scanning for an incoming video signal is performed at a frequency n times as high as the input horizontal synchronous frequency by suitably controlling writing and reading on its video memory, the signals for writing and reading on the video memory unit are generated by a horizontal synchronization/deflection circuit. The horizontal synchronization/deflection circuit is arranged by having a clock generation/synchronous deflection circuit for generating reference signals to control the writing and reading on the video memory unit provided with a phase comparator such that a horizontal drive signal to drive a horizontal deflection circuit and a flyback pulse are brought in phase.

Abstract: A tape loading mechanism used in a recording and reproducing apparatus for extracting a tape from a cassette and for winding it on a tape guide drum on which a rotating head for recording information on or reproducing information from the tape is mounted. A guide base, on which a group of guides for extracting the tape from the cassette are mounted, is rotatably supported by a shaft on a drive member that drives the guide base. An attitude control member is installed along the path of travel of the guide base to engage with the sides of the guide base to control the rotating angle of the latter.

Abstract: A circuit pattern to be inspected is imaged so that an image signal representing the circuit pattern to be inspected is produced. The image signal of the circuit pattern is compared with a reference circuit pattern image signal, wherein a part of the image signal discerned to be different from the latter is detected as a candidate defect, at a rate synchronized with the rate of imaging. A local image signal corresponding to each local image covering a region including every one of detected candidate defects is extracted and stored in a memory device. Thereafter, on the basis of the local image signal read out from the memory device, whether or not the candidate defect concerned is fatally harmful with regard to electrical conductivity is examined at a rate asynchronous with the imaging rate.

Abstract: A sync generator which generates a reference horizontal synchronizing signal, a time difference detector which detects the time difference between the reference horizontal synchronizing signal and a horizontal synchronizing signal within a received television signal, and a variable delay circuit which responds to an output signal of the time difference detector to control the delay time and delay the received television signal are installed in a television receiver. When a plurality of horizontal synchronizing signals exist in one horizontal scanning period of the received television signal, the time difference between the horizontal synchronizing signal with the maximum amplitude and the reference horizontal synchronizing signal is detected, and the delay time of the received television signal is controlled in the variable delay circuit according to this time difference.

Abstract: In the invention, in order to correct only the hue of specific region of color correction of an image processing circuit for a television receiver or the like, using color detecting means for detecting specific color, color signals are inputted and two arbitrary demodulation axes are obtained, and only negative component or positive component is extracted respectively from the output signals of the two means and the logic product of the extracted output signals is obtained. On the other hand, the output of the color detecting means is controlled in response to the signal level of the prescribed color signal, and then adding is performed to the prescribed color signal and the color correction is performed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system selecting one out of a plurality of gray scale signals for each color information in display information including color information of a plurality of colors for providing monochromatic gray scale signals at multiple levels corresponding to the display information, or, when multiple colors are produced by combining a plurality of colors, selecting one out of a plurality of gray scales for each color corresponding to gray scales of the multiple colors, to thereby attain a multi-level monochromatic emulation display.

Abstract: A rotary head device having a rotary drum and a rotating motor within the rotary drum, with the stator of the motor being supported by a fixed arm attached to a fixed drum or to a fixed drum supporting member. The construction permits the manufacture of the rotary head device using the manufacturing equipment used for conventional rotary shaft type rotary head devices despite the rotary head device being a thin device. In this rotary head device the position of contact of a ground brush and a rotor can be set at the center of rotation or thereabouts, so despite it being a thin device, the sliding speed of the ground brush is low, and hence it is possible to prevent the abrasion of the ground brush and also to prevent increase of the rotative driving torque.

Abstract: In a dust removing system, the level of influence of dust sticking to an objective lens of an optical head is detected from either an amount of light emitted from the optical head and reflected from an optical head or from an access time. Three stages of levels with regard to the degree of influence of the dust are set in accordance with such detection value, and a different message for the removal of dust is indicated on a display unit in response to the level of the influence. When the influence is low, a dust removing mechanism is automatically rendered operative to remove the dust. At the first level at which the influence of dust is low, the optical disk in the optical disk device is discharged and cleaning of the objective lens is performed, and an indication is provided on the display unit representing that cleaning is proceeding.