Abstract: Curable mixtures based on(A) compounds containing hydroxyl groups,(B) curable compounds,(C) catalysts and(D) if appropriate a diluent and if appropriate further additives,in which compounds which are used as the curing compounds(B) are those which contain at least two enol ether groups of the formula (I) ##STR1## The mixtures according to the invention already cure rapidly at low temperatures and are particularly suitable for the production of shaped articles or coatings or as a constituent in lacquers.

Abstract: Rubber vulcanizates having a reduced heat evolution when subjected to dynamic deformation, prepared from vulcanizable rubber mixtures containing at least one type of rubber, a reinforcing resin system based on curable phenolic resins and other customary constituents, the vulcanizable rubber mixtures having been prepared from at least two rubber mixtures of different compositions. A process for their preparation by preparing in each case at least two different rubber mixtures differing from one another in their content of rubber, filler, oil, reinforcing resin system and, if appropriate, thermoplastic copolymer, by mixing the constituents thereof, then mixing the resulting mixtures with one another and vulcanizing the resulting final mixture.The use of the vulcanizable rubber final mixtures for the production of mechanical rubber goods and tires.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolanes by reaction of epoxides with carbon dioxide in the presence of alkali iodides wherein at least one epoxy compound is reacted in the presence or absence of inert solvent either with a combination of A) at least one alkali iodide and B) at least one compound of the group a) polyol and b) an ether or polyether or, if the epoxy compound already has the structural features of the compounds Ba) and Bb), with the alkali iodide A) alone, at temperatures from 40.degree. to 180.degree. C. while introducing carbon dioxide at normal pressure or at slightly increased pressure, to form the corresponding organic carbonates. The 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolanes obtained are used for the preparation of synthetic resins, containing urethane groups, in the form of coatings of molded bodies.

Abstract: The invention relates to imidazole-5-carboxylic acid derivatives in which the imidazole ring is substituted in the 1-position by a 2,6-dialkylphenyl radical and which have the formula ##STR1## in which X=O, S or N.The compounds are obtained from appropriately substituted bisformyl esters, either by reacting the latter with formamide or with ammonium acetate or by subjecting aminomethylene compounds prepared from the bisformyl esters to an intramolecular condensation reaction.The new substances can be used as biocides, in particular herbicides, fungicides and growth regulators.

Abstract: The invention relates to aminourethanes essentially composed of structural units derived from (.alpha.) polyamines of the general formula (I) ##STR1## and of structural units derived from (.beta.) oligomeric or polymeric compounds which contain at least one terminal 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane group.The invention further relates to a process for preparing these aminourethanes and to their use in particular in paint formulations.The aminourethanes according to the invention are suitable in particular for use as curable water-dispersible binders in particular for cationic electrocoating.

Abstract: Hardeners are described for synthetic resins which contain groups which are capable of ester or amide formation and, if appropriate, polymerizable double bonds. The new hardeners, which allow lower crosslinking temperatures, are products (A) of the Michael addition of compounds (B), containing Michael addition-capable ester groups, to compounds (C) which contain at least two Michael addition-capable double bonds, the products (A) having an average of at least one polymerization-capable double bond and at least two transesterification- or transamidation-capable ester groups per molecule and the compound (B) representing products of the reaction of (b1) CH-active alkyl esters and (b2) polyisocyanates.

Abstract: Resin solution for cements and coating compositions based on a reaction product of epoxy resins having more than one epoxy group in the molecule and furfuryl alcohol alone or in admixture with other furan derivatives dissolved in reactive diluents and process for its preparation. These resin solutions are used for preparing cements and coating compositions by mixing the resin solution immediately before use with (A) at least one filler and (B) at least one curing agent or a mixture of (A) and (B), the weight ratio of the solution to the sum of components (A) and (B) being 1:(0.5-7), preferably 1:(1-4).

Abstract: Novel curing agents for synthetic resins containing groups capable of ester formation or amide formation and, optionally polymerizable double bonds which are Michael addition products of monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid esters, capable of undergoing Michael addition, with compounds containing at least two double bonds capable of undergoing Michael addition, the two components being reacted in such ratios that the Michael addition product contains at least one ester group capable of transesterification and/or transamidation and at least one polymerizable double bond.

Abstract: Water-dilutable printing ink binder system based on a binder in the form of a clear, dilute, ammoniacal or amine-containing solution, the binder being a product of reacting a natural resin acid and formaldehyde in at least one stage, the amount of (100% strength) formaldehyde being 1 to 25% by weight, based on the natural resin acid, and the reaction having been carried out under atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure in the absence or in the presence of 0.1 to 2% by weight of a Lewis catalyst. A variant comprises partially esterifying the natural resin acid/formaldehyde reaction product with at least one polycarboxylic acid unit of the group (a) an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and/or the anhydride thereof and (b) a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The binder system has added to it as solubilizers monohydric and/or polyhydric alcohols, and the pH value is preferably set to 7.5 to 10.

Abstract: Polymers which contain urethane groups and are capable of being crosslinked by extraneous crosslinking agents, solutions thereof and aqueous dispersions thereof, prepared without the use of isocyanates by reacting polyamino compounds with polycarbonates and, if appropriate, reacting the reaction product further with polycarboxylic acids to give products having an acid number between 0 and 100, and, if appropriate, neutralizing the resulting products partly or completely by adding basic compounds, preferably organic bases, and, if appropriate, mixing the partly or completely neutralized products vigorously with an amount of water such that aqueous polymer dispersions having a solids content of up to 75% by weight, relative to the dispersion, are obtained.

Abstract: Polyurethane dispersions based on reaction products from (A) bismethylolated urethanes having at least 2 urethane groups and (B) polyhydroxyl compounds which contain groups which are capable of ion formation, these groups being present in neutralized form, and a process for the preparation thereof. The use of the dispersions for the surface-coating of metal, plastics, glass, leather and paper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a three-layer film formed of polyesters, which is preferably produced in a coextrusion process. The film is suitable for embossing and does not tend to stick to the embossing tool, even at elevated temperatures. Under a thermal load which is necessarily applied in the further processing of the film, the depth of embossing is not changed or is only negligibly changed. The three-layer film formed of polyesters has external layers with higher melting points than the intermediate layer. Preferably, the external layers comprise polyethylene terephthalate and the intermediate layer of copolyester.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of .beta.-hydroxypolyamines by reaction of polyepoxide compounds with ammonia, in which at least one polyepoxide compound is treated in a first stage with liquid ammonia at temperatures below 50.degree. C., a homogeneous phase being formed, after which the reaction between the polyepoxide compound and ammonia is carried out in a second stage at 60.degree. to 130.degree. C., and when the reaction is complete, the excess ammonia is removed from the reaction mixture.The resulting .beta.-hydroxypolyamines are used as binders or--in protonated form--as binders which can be diluted with water, by themselves or in combination with suitable crosslinking agents.

Abstract: Alkali metal polyphosphates consisting substantially of hollow spheroidal particles with an apparent density of less than 350 g/l are made. To this end, an alkali metal orthophosphate solution is forced under a pressure of 6-40 bars into a fluidization zone; the orthophosphate solution is fluidized in the fluidization zone by injecting a finely dispersed permanent gas maintained under a pressure higher than the orthophosphate solution; and the fluidized orthophosphate solution is sprayed with the aid of a plurality of single medium nozzles arranged downstream of the fluidization zone through a flame zone peoduced inside the spray tower. Apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A carrier-supported catalyst is prepared by applying a noble metal on to a ceramic honeycomb structure coated with an aluminum oxide layer. To this end, the ceramic honeycomb structure is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing nitrilotriacetic acid or ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid, ammonia and at least one noble metal compound.

Abstract: A carrier-supported catalyst is made by impregnating a ceramic honeycomb structure having a layer of a heat resistant metal oxide applied to it with the aqueous solution of at least one metal selected from platinum, rhodium and palladium, drying the impregnated honeycomb structure and annealing it. More particularly a drying gas regularly distributed across the entire cross-sectional area of the impregnated honeycomb structure is passed therethrough at 20.degree. to 400.degree. C. The temperature and quantity of drying gas are selected so that water ceases to be evaporated from the impregnated honeycomb structure after 30 to 300 seconds and the dried impregnated honeycomb structure is heat-treated over a period of 1 to 3 hours at temperatures up to 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: Alkali metal polyphosphates consisting substantially of hollow spheroidal particles with an apparent density of less than 320 g/l are made. To this end, an aqueous alkali metal orthophosphate solution and an aqueous solution of an inflating agent are simultaneously forced under a pressure of 6-40 bars into a fluidization zone; the two solutions are fluidized in the fluidization zone by injecting a finely dispersed permanent gas maintained under a pressure higher than the two solutions and the fluidized solutions are sprayed with the aid of a plurality of single medium nozzles arranged downstream of the fluidization zone through a flame zone produced inside the spray tower. Apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Process for preparing copolymers from esters of an unsaturated carboxylic acid with at least one other unsaturated monomer, characterized in that the following components are copolymerized in radical substance polymerization:(A) 5 to 60 parts by weight of at least one diester of an .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the ester group,(B) 10 to 70 parts by weight of at least one vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon having one vinyl group,(C) 0 to 30 parts by weight of at least one glycidyl ester of an aliphatic saturated monocarboxylic acid branched in the .alpha.-position,(D) 0 to 50 parts by weight of at least one ester, amide and/or anhydride of an .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated mono- and/or dicarboxylic acid,(E) 0 to 40 parts by weight of at least one .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: Polymerizable carbamoyloxyalkyldicarboxylic acid esters, carrying hydroxyl groups, of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or allyl or hydroxyalkyl having in each case 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, R.sup.2 represents alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having in each case 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical or the radical ##STR2## subject to the proviso that R.sup.1 is hydrogen and x is an integer from 2 to 20, R.sup.3 represents linear or branched alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.5 represents hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaminoalkyl having in each case 2 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical or an alkyl radical of this type which also contains ester and/or ether groups, and a process for their preparation.The esters according to the invention can be used for the preparation of copolymers.

Abstract: Copolymers based on (A) 5-95% by weight of at least one polymerizable carbamoyloxyalkyldicarboxylic acid ester, carrying hydroxyl groups, of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having in each case 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, R.sup.2 represents alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having in each case 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, or the radical ##STR2## subject to the proviso that R.sup.1 is hydrogen and x is an integer from 2 to 10, R.sup.3 represents linear or branched alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.5 represents hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaminoalkyl having in each case 2 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, or an alkyl radical of this type which also contains ester groups and/or ether groups, and (B) 5-95% by weight of at least one copolymerizable monomer belonging to the group comprising (a) .alpha.,.beta.