Abstract: A low temperature polycrystalline silicon device and techniques to manufacture thereof with excellent performance. Employing doped poly-Si lines which we called a bridged-grain structure (BG), the intrinsic or lightly doped channel is separated into multiple regions. A single gate covering the entire active channel including the doped lines is still used to control the current flow. Using this BG poly-Si as an active layer and making sure the TFT is designed so that the current flows perpendicularly to the parallel lines of grains, grain boundary effects can be reduced.

Abstract: Structures, devices and methods are provided for creating heterojunction AlGaN/GaN metal two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) tunnel-junction field-effect transistors (TJ-FET). In one aspect, metal-2DEG Schottky tunnel junctions can be employed in group III-Nitride field-effect devices that enable normally-off operation, large breakdown voltage, low leakage current, and high on/off current ratio. As a further advantage, AlGaN/GaN metal-2DEG TJ-FETs are disclosed that can be fabricated in a lateral configuration and/or a vertical configuration. Further non-limiting embodiments are provided that illustrate the advantages and flexibility of the disclosed structures.

Abstract: Fluorescent bioprobes comprising fluorogen formed nanoparticles comprising fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission (ATE) properties, which can be used for long-term cell tracking. The fluorogens are nonemissive in organic solution but become highly emissive when aggregated in aqueous solution. The fluorescent molecules can readily pass through cell membranes, stain only the cell cytoplasm, and form highly emissive nanoaggregates in aqueous media without any obvious cytoxicity in the living cells. Furthermore, the molecules can be retained inside the cells without noticeable leakage to the outside. Therefore, these ATE-based compounds can be used as selective and cell-compatible fluroescent bioprobes for long-term live cell tracking and imaging.

Abstract: The subject application describes systems and methods that drive magnetization switching through magnonic spin transfer torque. A spin current is provided to a first magnetic layer with a first magnetic state. The spin current facilitates magnetization switching via a magnonic spin transfer torque in a second magnetic layer with a second magnetic state that is separated from the first magnetic layer by an interface. Alternatively, a spin current is provided to a first magnetic domain with a first magnetic state. The spin current facilitates domain wall propagation via a magnonic spin transfer torque. The domain wall is between the first magnetic domain and a second magnetic domain in a second magnetic state.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented relating to a three stage crossbar based switching system and a scheduling method for transmission of data packets and associated request and grant tokens. The first stage and third stage portions of the switching system contain TDM crossbars, which are interconnected by a middle stage set of crossbars. In an embodiment, the system switching module is a m×m crossbar switch comprising m inputs and m outputs. The switch has a size m2×m2 formed from m×m crossbar modules. Scheduling of data packet servicing is on a frame by frame basis relating to selection based on port addresses and port address groups. Further, time slot interchange is utilized to address time slot mismatch.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for obtaining a three-dimensional nanostructure array on an aluminum substrate. The method includes anodizing the aluminum substrate; forming an oxide layer on the aluminum substrate; texturizing the aluminum substrate; etching the oxide layer from the aluminum substrate to expose the texturized aluminum substrate; and forming a three-dimensional aluminum nanostructure array on the aluminum substrate. The three-dimensional nanostructure array, coated with a light absorber, is utilized in a thin film solar cell or photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: Pyridine-containing polyenes and their applications as metal ion sensors. These polyenes are practically nonluminescent in the solution state but become highly emissive as nanoparticle suspensions in aqueous solutions or thin films in the solid state, due to aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The nanoaggregates of these compounds can work as “turn-off” fluorescent chemosensors for metal ions and display different fluorescence responses to various metal ions. For example, a characteristic red shift in the emission spectra is observed with a terpyridine-containing luminogen in the presence of Zn2+. However, the terpyridine-containing luminogen displays a magenta color upon selectively binding with Fe2+. This allows easy identification of both Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions in aqueous media. The function of the polyenes can be easily tuned by altering the substituent groups. Due to their AIE properties, these polyenes can be used in aqueous solutions and in solid substrates for metal sensing.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or ameliorating a pathological condition associated with a melatonin receptor in a mammal by using a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound of formula (I) as a ligand interacting with the melatonin receptor, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R7 are independently H, halo, alkyloxyl, alkyl or hydroxyl, provided that one of R1, R2, R3 and R7 is X—(CH2)n—R8; R5 is alkyl or arylalkyl; R6 is H or alkyl; X is a bond, O, S, SO, SO2, CO or NH; n=0-10; R8 is alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, NR9R10, or OR9; R9 is H, substituted or unsubstituted arylmethyl, or alkenyl; and R10 is H or alkyl.

Abstract: A two-dimensional (2D) magneto-optical trap (MOT) for alkali neutral atoms establishes a zero magnetic field along the longitudinal symmetry axis. Two of three pairs of trapping laser beams do not follow the symmetry axes of the quadruple magnetic field and are aligned with a large non-zero degree angles to the longitudinal axis. In a dark-line 2D MOT configuration, there are two orthogonal repumping beams. In each repumping beam, an opaque line is imaged to the longitudinal axis, and the overlap of these two line images creates a dark line volume in the longitudinal axis where there is no repumping light. The zero magnetic field along the longitudinal axis allows the cold atoms maintain a long ground-state coherence time without switching off the MOT magnetic field, which makes it possible to operate the MOT at a high repetition rate and a high duty cycle.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor with a fluorinated channel and fluorinated source and drain regions and methods of fabrication are provided. The thin-film transistor includes: a substrate; a semiconductor active layer of fluorine-doped metal-oxide formed on the substrate; fluorine-doped source and drain regions disposed adjacent to the semiconductor active layer; a gate electrode disposed over the semiconductor active layer, configured to induce a continuous conduction channel between the source and drain regions; and a gate dielectric material separating the gate electrode and the channel.

Abstract: Electronic-fluidic hybrid form dividers, constructed by a simple planer droplet generation structure, a pair of signal electrodes, and a responsive control valve, which is programmed to respond to only certain signal droplets, by a basic electronic principle: change of voltage share between impedances. Detected fluidic information is addressed in both electronic and fluidic forms, and the fluidic pathway is well-confined in a simple planar structure, although its control valve is in a second layer, thereby minimizing any fluidic disturbance. Various configurations comprise a plurality of identical structures, which can alter their cumulative function by re-assignment of required voltage share. The hybrid divider can be assembled into a fluidic universal logic gate, of a simple two inlet and one outlet signal channels structure, and switch between sixteen functions by re-assigning voltage share.

Abstract: Described herein is a context-free protocol (i.e., the COFFEE protocol) for stimulating cooperation among selfish nodes. Various embodiments have the ability to transmit a packet over the path successfully without the dependency on the information of other packets' transmissions. It is assumed that every node in the network is rational, and therefore during the packet forwarding stage, if the intermediate nodes can not clearly tell whether the packet is destined to them or not, they do not simply drop the packet. Thus, in the COFFEE protocol, by introducing several techniques, for a packet received by a node, the node thinks the packet could potentially be destined to itself and forwards the packet to find out the answer. Detailed analysis and performance evaluations have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the COFFEE protocol.

Abstract: A convenient process for the regioselective synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from organic azides and alkynes employs catalytic ruthenium.

Abstract: An optimal denoising method for video coding. This method makes use of very few pixels and linear operations, and can be embedded into the motion compensation process of video encoders. This method is simple and flexible, yet offers high performance and produces appealing pictures.

Abstract: We disclose a new method of preparing liquid crystal alignment layers that can produce controllable pretilt angles from near 0 to near 90°. It is based on the stacking of two alignment materials sequentially, with the first one being continuous and the second one being discontinuous leaving part of the first layer exposed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to facilitate architectural modeling. In one aspect, repetitive patterns are automatically detected and analyzed to generate modeled structural images such as building facades. In another aspect, structural symmetry is analyzed to facilitate architectural modeling and enhanced image generation.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling flow of ER fluid. The apparatus has a first channel 10 for conveying carrier fluid 1 of a first dielectric constant and droplets 2 of a second dielectric constant in the carrier fluid. The apparatus further comprises a second channel 20 conveying the ER fluid and a first conductor 100 for conveying an electrical potential from the second channel to the first channel. A circuit 61 is provided for applying potential difference between the first and second channels. When a droplet is present in the first channel, the ER fluid is solidified in the second channel; when no droplet is present, the ER fluid flows as liquid in the second channel. Therefore the apparatus acts as an IF gate. Arrangements for other types of fluidic logic gate are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are described that employ specially designed interference patterns to build an in-band side channel without degrading the effective throughput of the main channel. A first device (100) includes a control component (130) that generates control information and an interference component (140) that transmits the control information (450) through emission of patterned interference data concurrently while other users are transmitting other data (420). A second device (300) receives the patterned interference data and the other data via a single antenna (350) and decodes the patterned interference data to extract the control data (450). The first device (100) transmits the other data (420) on a side channel (440) that resides in the same spectrum as the main channel (410) in which the other data (420) is emitted. The first device (100) encodes the interference patterns such that the control data (450) can be safely transmitted and extracted without effecting other data transmission.

Abstract: A method of creating intracellular artificial nanostructures in situ, which employees a chemical precursor. The precursor does not self-assemble due to the presence of a cleavable motif linked to it. When the precursor comes inside live cells by an uptaking mechanism on the cell membrane, the cleavable motif is then to be removed by an enzymatic action of a first enzyme. Without the cleavable motif, the precursor now engages in a self-assembling process to form nanostructures within the live cells, which may cause formation of a hydrogel. Furthermore, the self-assembling process can be made reversible by employing a second enzyme which puts the cleavable motif back to the precursor, whereby dissolving the nanostructures into solution.

Abstract: Metal induced polycrystallized silicon is used as the anode in a light emitting device, such as an OLED or AMOLED. The polycrystallized silicon is sufficiently non-absorptive, transparent and made sufficiently conductive for this purpose. A thin film transistor can be formed onto the polycrystallized silicon anode, with the silicon anode acting as the drain of the thin film transistor, thereby simplifying production.