Abstract: The present disclosure provides a reference image encoding method, including: encoding sequence, to obtain a reconstructed image of a first and second reference images; determining whether a local area in the second reference image is suitable for updating first reference image; determining whether the first reference image is updated; when the first reference image is not updated, and it is determined the second reference image is suitable for updating the first reference image, replacing a pixel value of a corresponding area or a related area in the first reference image with a pixel value of the local area in the second reference image; and compiling, into the bitstream.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to user plane information reporting methods and apparatus. In one example method, a session management network element obtains parameter information, and initiates establishment of a dedicated tunnel between a first communications apparatus and a second communications apparatus, where the parameter information indicates the first communications apparatus to report user plane information when a reporting condition is met. The session management network element sends a first rule to the first communications apparatus, where the first rule indicates the first communications apparatus to send a packet to the second communications apparatus through the dedicated tunnel when the reporting condition is met.

Abstract: A communication method, a communications device, and a communications system to avoid, when an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity fails, a case in which a re-registration process of a terminal that is being served is triggered because a context of the terminal is lost. The method includes: obtaining, by a communications device, a first group identifier of a terminal group to which a first terminal served by a first mobility management entity belongs; and sending, by the communications device, a message related to the first terminal to a second mobility management entity based on the first group identifier when an exception occurs in the first mobility management entity, where the second mobility management entity is a mobility management entity in which a context of the first terminal exists.

Abstract: An uplink dynamic grant-free transmission method and an apparatus, and relates to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: a terminal receives downlink control information sent by a base station, where the downlink control information includes a plurality of pieces of indication information, each piece of indication information corresponds to one type 2 configured grant configuration, the indication information is used to indicate the terminal to perform an operation on the type 2 configured grant configuration corresponding to the indication information, and the operation includes: activating, deactivating, or maintaining a state; and then the terminal performs corresponding operations on the plurality of type 2 configured grant configurations based on the downlink control information.

Abstract: A data transmission method in an optical transport network includes: mapping first-type service data to a payload block at a specific location in a plurality of consecutive payload blocks, where the plurality of consecutive payload blocks occupy a payload area of an optical data unit (ODU) frame; mapping second-type service data to a payload block at any location in the plurality of consecutive payload blocks other than the at least one specific location; mapping the ODU frame to an optical transport unit (OTU) frame or a flexible OTN (FlexO) frame; and sending the OTU frame or the FlexO frame. In an applicable scenario, service data is transmitted in a hybrid manner.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for splitting an image into coding units. An image is divided into coding tree units (CTUs) which are hierarchically partitioned. Hierarchical partitioning includes multi-type partitioning such as binary tree or quad tree splitting. For CTUs completely within the image and CTUs on the boundary, respective multi-type partition depths are chosen. The present disclosure provides for multi-type partitioning flexibility in a boundary portion of the image.

Abstract: A method of decoding a coded video bitstream includes obtaining a sequence parameter set (SPS)-level syntax element from the bitstream, wherein that the SPS-level syntax element equaling a preset value specifies that no video parameter set (VPS) is referred to by a SPS, and wherein the SPS-level syntax element being greater than the preset value specifies that the SPS refers to a VPS. The method further includes obtaining, when the SPS-level syntax element is greater than the preset value, an inter-layer enabled syntax element specifying whether one or more inter-layer reference pictures (ILRPs) are enabled to be used for the inter prediction of one or more coded pictures, and predicting one or more coded pictures based on the value of the inter-layer enabled syntax element.

Abstract: A method of video coding, wherein the method comprises inter-prediction processing of a first block, wherein the inter-prediction processing comprises subpixel interpolation filtering of samples of a reference block; intra-prediction processing of a second block, wherein the intra-prediction processing comprises subpixel interpolation filtering of reference samples; wherein the method further comprises selecting interpolation filter coefficients for the subpixel interpolation filtering based on a subpixel offset between integer reference sample positions and fractional reference samples' positions, wherein for the same subpixel offsets the same interpolation filter coefficients are selected for intra-prediction processing and inter-prediction processing.

Abstract: The technology of this application relates to a network interface card. The network interface card includes a parser and at least one shared connector. The parser receives a first SEND message that is from a host client and that corresponds to a first QP connection, and distributes the first SEND message to a first shared connector in the at least one shared connector. The first SEND message includes an RDMA operation command. The first shared connector obtains NVME information that is sent to a first controller and that corresponds to the first QP connection. The first shared connector interacts with a second controller when a disconnection event of a link between the first shared connector and the first controller is detected. The first shared connector obtains a WQE from the second controller. The first shared connector sends a first RDMA message corresponding to the first QP connection to the host client based on the WQE.

Abstract: A discontinuous reception apparatus for a terminal, where discontinuous reception includes a sleep period and an active period that are of the terminal and that are indicated by a network. The apparatus includes: a receiving circuit configured to receive motion state information of the terminal, where the motion state information is used to indicate a motion state of the terminal; and a first processing circuit configured to determine, based on the motion state of the terminal, duration for waking up the terminal in advance, and enable the terminal to enter the active period in advance by the duration before the sleep period indicated by the network ends. The apparatus is configured to enter, based on a change in the motion state of the terminal or a change in received signal quality, the active period in advance before the sleep period indicated by the network ends.

Abstract: This application provides an example timing advance update method, an example terminal, and an example base station. One example method includes receiving, by a terminal, an updated timing advance TA value and a beam cell identity of a beam cell in which the terminal is located that are sent by a base station. The example method also includes obtaining, by the terminal, corresponding TA compensation information based on the beam cell identity. The example method further includes performing, by the terminal, TA compensation in a TA update period based on the updated TA value and the TA compensation information. The example method also includes sending, by the terminal, uplink data by using a TA value obtained after TA compensation is performed.

Abstract: A video coding mechanism is disclosed. The mechanism includes receiving an extracted bitstream that is a result of a sub-bitstream extraction process from an input bitstream containing a set of sub-pictures. The extracted bitstream contains only a subset of the sub-pictures of the input bitstream to the sub-bitstream extraction process. A flag from the extracted bitstream is set to indicate that sub-picture information related to the subset of the sub-pictures is present in the extracted bitstream. One or more sub-picture identifiers (IDs) for the subset of the sub-pictures are obtained based on the flag. The subset of the sub-pictures is decoded based on the sub-picture IDs.

Abstract: A data transmission method and a device are disclosed. The data transmission method includes: a first communications device receives first information sent by a second communications device. The first information is used to indicate one or more of transport block set information, maximum transport block quantity information, transport block information, and first combination set information. The first communications device determines, based on the first information, a quantity of transport blocks scheduled by using control information, and a HARQ process number corresponding to each transport block in the transport blocks scheduled by using the control information.

Abstract: A picture prediction method and a related apparatus are disclosed. A picture prediction method includes: determining K1 pixel samples in a picture block x, and determining a candidate motion information unit set corresponding to each pixel sample in the K1 pixel samples, where the candidate motion information unit set corresponding to each pixel sample includes at least one candidate motion information unit; determining a merged motion information unit set i including K1 motion information units, where each motion information unit in the merged motion information unit set i is selected from at least a part of motion information units in candidate motion information unit sets corresponding to different pixel samples in the K1 pixel samples; and predicting a pixel value of the picture block x by using a non-translational motion model and the merged motion information unit set i.

Abstract: A communication method and a communication apparatus are described. A network device explicitly indicates, by using indication information, a transmission priority of data that can be carried on a scheduled transmission resource. After receiving the indication information, a terminal device can determine whether data currently to be sent can be sent on the scheduled transmission resource, to reduce a probability of a communication failure caused by resource preemption in a scenario in which data of at least three transmission priorities coexists. The terminal device may further determine, based on the indication information, whether to-be-received data exists on the scheduled transmission resource.

Abstract: A video coding mechanism is disclosed. The mechanism includes receiving a bitstream including image data coded in a plurality of slices. A top left tile identifier (ID) and a bottom right tile ID of a first slice are determined. Boundaries of the first slice are determined based on the top left tile ID and the bottom right tile ID. The first slice is decoded to generate a reconstructed image based on the boundaries of the first slice.

Abstract: In a method for determining a resource of an asynchronous physical uplink shared channel PUSCH, user equipment (UE) receives time domain resource configuration information and frequency domain resource configuration information from a network device. The UE sets, based on the time domain resource configuration information, a time domain position of a first hop of a first PUSCH and a time domain position of a second hop of the first PUSCH to be inconsecutive in the time domain. The UE then determines a frequency domain position of the first hop of the first PUSCH and a frequency domain position of the second hop of the first PUSCH based on the frequency domain resource configuration information.

Abstract: An electronic device including a plurality of SEs, wherein each of the plurality of SEs carries at least one NFC application, and configured to store first identifiers and SE location information indicating an SE that carries a corresponding NFC application of a plurality of NFC applications, receive a transaction instruction, search, in response to that the transaction instruction carries a first identifier, the stored SE location information for SE location information corresponding to the first identifier carried in the transaction instruction, determine a first target SE from at least two SEs based on the SE location information, and send the transaction instruction to the first target SE.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and apparatus, and a device. An example method includes: A base station receives a first message from a first network device, where the first message is used to indicate to add a terminal device to a multicast session corresponding to a multicast service, the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the multicast session. The base station sends radio bearer information corresponding to the multicast session to the terminal device based on the first message, where the radio bearer information is used by the terminal device to join the multicast session.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide example frequency domain equalization methods, example equalizers, example optical receivers, and example systems. One example method includes obtaining, by an optical receiver, a first complex signal. The first complex signal is a first time domain signal. The first complex signal is obtained based on two channels of mutually independent digital electrical signals. The optical receiver converts the first complex signal into a frequency domain signal, and multiplies the first complex signal in frequency domain by a tap coefficient to obtain a second complex signal. The tap coefficient is used to implement signal compensation for the first complex signal in frequency domain. The optical receiver converts the second complex signal into a second time domain signal, divides the second time domain signal into two channels of real signals, and outputs the two channels of the real signals.