Abstract: Liquid anti-oxidants made by mixing specific chemical compositions disclosed herein, followed by thorough stirring so that a homogeneous blend of colloidal-like solutions are obtained. Such liquid anti-oxidants are applied to the surface of the carbon-carbon composite that is needed to be protected against oxidation by brushing, dipping, spraying, or other painting techniques, and allowed sufficient time for the anti-oxidants to penetrate into the subsurface region of the composite and to let dry in a dry atmosphere. The coated carbon/carbon composites can be heat treated (or charred) at a temperature of about approximately 650 to 950° C. for a time period of about approximately one to seven hours. The above painting/heat treating processes can be repeated one to three or more times in order to obtain sufficient anti-oxidant char on or below the surface to a certain depth of the composite.

Abstract: A method of producing graphene comprises forming a composition comprising magnesium and carbon, and isolating graphene from the composition. The isolated graphene is crystalline.

Abstract: Antibacterial IspF inhibitor compounds and compositions are described. Methods include administering described compounds and compositions to treat bacterial or parasitic infections and to inhibit or parasite or bacterial growth.

Abstract: A storage system, including an outer casing having an evacuated inner volume; a vessel for storage located within the outer casing and having a plurality of protrusions distributed on an outer surface thereof; and a plurality of filamentary strands spanning the inner volume, wherein at least some of the plurality of protrusions are essentially tangentially contacted by a plurality of the filamentary strands to secure the vessel in six degrees of freedom relative to the outer casing.

Abstract: A transgenic soybean resistant to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), or parts thereof, including an artificial DNA construct encoding a serine hydroxymethyltransferase protein (e.g., GmSHMT). Also provided are GmSHMT alleles containing mutations R130P and Y358N along with research and breeding methods and compositions including such.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating and preventing toxic side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy agents are disclosed, in which transplatin is administered to a subject. Transplatin is shown to have protective effects against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, nephotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Anti-inflammatory activity of transplatin is demonstrated and methods and compositions for treating and preventing inflammatory pain are described.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing a patient with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), by detecting biomarkers in the patient's Bruch's membrane, and diagnosing the patient with AMD. A method of detecting the presence of AMD in a patient, by detecting biomarkers in the patient's Bruch's membrane. A method of detecting inflammation in a patient, by detecting biomarkers in the patient's Bruch's membrane. A method of determining the progression of AMD in a patient. A method of determining efficacy of a treatment for AMD in a patient. A method of determining the presence of AMD in an animal model. A kit for detecting the presence of disease in a patient, including an assay for biomarkers 3-nitrotyrosine and nitro-A2E. An assay of the biomarkers.

Abstract: A multicaloric alloy material combines two isostructural compounds, the first compound being MnNiSi and the second compound being either MnFeGe or CoFeGe, each such compound having extremely different magnetic and thermo-structural properties. The resulting alloy material (MnNiSi)1-x(MnFeGe)x or (MnNiSi)1-x(CoFeGe)x possesses extraordinary magnetocaloric and/or barocaloric properties with an acute sensitivity to applied pressure and no appreciable magnetic hysteresis losses.

Abstract: Many fungal secondary metabolites are of industrial interest, such as antibiotics, while others are undesirable compounds such as mycotoxins. Overexpression of mtfA enhances production of fungal compounds with applications in the medical field, and overexpression or impaired mtfA expression decreases the production of compounds that negatively affect health/agriculture/economy such as mycotoxins.

Abstract: A proton computed tomography (pCT) detector system, including two tracking detectors in sequence on a first side of an object to be imaged, two tracking detectors in sequence on an opposite side of the object to be imaged, a calorimeter, and a computer cluster, wherein the tracking detectors include plastic scintillation fibers. All fibers in the detector system are read out by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM). A method of imaging an object by emitting protons from a source through two tracking detectors, through and around the object, and through two opposite tracking detectors, detecting energy of the protons with a calorimeter, and imaging the object.

Abstract: A manganese oxide contains M1, optionally M2, Mn and O. M1 is selected from the group consisting of In, Sc, Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. M2 is different from M1, and M2 is selected from the group consisting of Bi, In, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. These ceramic materials are hexagonal in structure, and provide superior materials for gas separation and oxygen storage.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the field of photovoltaic devices. Specifically, the present invention relates to the areas of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensor and control system, which automatically adjusts a product splitter position of a full-scale spiral. An electrical conductivity-based automation system is described and claimed herein and has been successfully developed and demonstrated as illustrated herein. The system includes a sensor and a microprocessor based and controlled servo or gear motor that is utilized to adjust the splitter of an operating coal/mineral spiral based on the readings of the sensor. The device as described and claimed herein converts a traditional coal spiral to an automated system for controlling the splitter thereby giving the spiral unit the ability to automatically adjust a key process variable, i.e., its splitter position, in real time as and when the feed coal or other mineral property changes to maintain the performance of the spiral at the optimum level.

Abstract: A prodrug having antioxidant activity, including a phosphorylated compound having a thiol group. A method of treating oxidative stress by administering a prodrug of a phosphorylated compound including a thiol group, removing a phosphate group of the prodrug, and treating oxidative stress. A method of increasing bioavailability of a thiol compound by creating a prodrug by phosphorylating a thiol compound, administering the prodrug, preventing first pass metabolism of the prodrug, removing a phosphate group from the prodrug, and providing active drug to a site in need of therapy from oxidative stress. A method of preventing radiation damage to healthy tissue by administering a prodrug comprising a phosphorylated compound including a thiol group, removing a phosphate group of the prodrug to provide active drug, and preventing radiation damage to healthy tissue.

Abstract: Silaanthracene compounds and methods of producing silaanthracene compounds, in particular silaanthracene fluoro phores for use as red or near infrared sensors, probes, dyes, and tags are provided.

Abstract: Antibacterial IspF inhibitor compounds and compositions are described. Methods include administering described compounds and compositions to treat bacterial or parasitic infections and to inhibit or parasite or bacterial growth.

Abstract: A network of nanowires may be used for a sensor. The nanowires are metallic, each nanowire has a thickness of at most 20 nm, and each nanowire has a width of at most 20 nm. The sensor may include nanowires comprising Pd, and the sensor may sense a change in hydrogen concentration from 0 to 100%. A device may include the hydrogen sensor, such as a vehicle, a fuel cell, a hydrogen storage tank, a facility for manufacturing steel, or a facility for refining petroleum products.

Abstract: A method, system, and algorithm detects graphite responses in optical mark recognition documents using inexpensive visible-light scanners. The invention is invariant to the numerous background colors and artwork in typical optical mark recognition documents. A superposition of a graphite response image and a background image is modeled. The background image in turn is modeled as a superposition of screening, artwork, lines, and machine text components. A sequence of image processing operations and a pattern recognition algorithm is used to isolate the graphite response image from a test document by systematically removing the components of the background image. The image processing operations consist of grayscale and color segmentation and the application of the Hough transform. Components that are not removed by image processing operations are identified by calculating their texture features, and removed using a multivariate Gaussian classifier.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for laser assisted machining are provided, by utilizing a computer to develop interrelated heating and machining plans, from a variety of input data describing the material to be machined, the properties of lasers and pyrometers used for heating the material, and computer models of the machining arrangement, workpiece and final part to be produced. An iterative process continues until the machining and heating plans result in the cutting zone of the workpiece being maintained at a desired temperature with no obstruction in the line-of-sight of at least one laser and pyrometer throughout the machining process, while also maintaining the cutting tool at or below a desired maximum temperature.

Abstract: A storage system, including an outer casing having an evacuated inner volume; a vessel for storage located within the outer casing and having a plurality of protrusions distributed on an outer surface thereof; and a plurality of filamentary strands spanning the inner volume, wherein at least some of the plurality of protrusions are essentially tangentially contacted by a plurality of the filamentary strands to secure the vessel in six degrees of freedom relative to the outer casing.