Abstract: An assembly for a combustion chamber monitoring camera comprises an image-forming optical system (20) whose object space (26) is a combustion chamber and whose image plane (5) is coincident with the photosensitive element of the camera, and whose focal point (24) on the object space side is situated outside the optical system (20), and a structure (22) enclosing the optical system (20). On the object space side of the optical system (20), a solid baffle plate (38) is placed having a hole (1) made cocentrical with the center axis of the optical system (20) and situated at the focal point (24) of the entire optical system on the object space side, or in the vicinity thereof. A structure (22,40) encloses the optical system (20) in such a manner that purging air can be fed via the hole (1) along a channel (32,34) positioned between the optical system (20) and the enclosing structure (22,40) thereof in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an operation and handling system for batteries of an electric car, in which a fastening strap (20) has been arranged around the battery or batteries (15), by which strap (20) the battery or batteries have been made into one entity and secured to a battery box (10). The batteries have been secured to the car by means of the fastening strap (20) of the batteries (15).

Abstract: A system for filtering liquids like cooling water and emergency cooling water in nuclear power stations and other industrial plants wherein a continuous circulation of a coolant or other liquid has to be secured. The system comprises a first filtering surface and a first filtrate space which is at least partially limited by the first filtering surface and at least one further filtering surface with a second filtrate space which is at least partially limited by a filtering surface. A filtrate outlet channel is connected to the first filtrate space and a siphon connects the filtrate spaces.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device in the cooling of the circulating material in a fluidized-bed boiler. In the method the fuel (A) is introduced into the circulating-powder combustion chamber (10) of the fluidized-bed boiler into the lower part of the circulating-powder combustion chamber (10) and an inert circulating material, which contains a proportion of unburned powdered fuel (A), is circulated from the top part of the circulating-powder combustion chamber (10) to the lower part of the circulating-powder combustion chamber (10). The flue gases are passed in the method from the powder separator (13) along the duct (15) into the exhaust-gas boiler (16), through whose heat exchanger (16a) thermal energy of the flue gases is transferred further to other useful use.

Abstract: A method and configuration suited to feeding a water-containing fuel such as peat or brown coal into a pressurized space such as a pressurized dryer or a high-pressure gasifier. A fuel with a high moisture content requires drying in a dryer prior to gasification or combustion. In the dryer, the fuel is dewatered, whereby the separated water is discharged as steam from the dryer. The generated steam is separated from the fuel flow exiting the dryer and it can be routed as injection steam to a gas turbine. When a portion of the steam extracted from the fuel flow exiting the dryer is fed into the fuel entering the dryer or to a heat exchanger, which is employed for heating the fuel flow, a fuel of higher moisture content can be fed into the dryer, or alternatively, the moisture content of the fuel can be increased to improve the feed of the fuel. The method imparts no reduction of the economy of the energy generation process.

Abstract: An optical voltage/electric field sensor includes a crystal having a refractive index distribution which depends on an electric field applied thereto, wires for leading the electric field onto the surface of the crystal, a detector to detect changes in the refractive index distribution, and a transparent material having a low extinction coefficient and dielectric constant surrounding the crystal. Such a sensor is particularly useful for measuring the voltage of high frequency dryers.

Abstract: An assembly for a combustion chamber monitoring camera comprises an image-forming optical system (20) whose object space (26) is a combustion chamber and whose image plane (5) is coincident with the photosensitive element of the camera, and whose focal point (24) on the object space side is situated outside the optical system (20), and a structure (22) enclosing the optical system (20). on the object space side of the optical system (20), a solid baffle plate (38) is placed having a hole (1) made cocentrical with the center axis of the optical system (20) and situated at the focal point (24) of the entire optical system on the object space side, or in the vicinity thereof, and the structure (22, 40) encloses the optical system (20) in such a manner that purging air can be fed via the hole (1) along a channel (32, 34) positioned between the optical system (20) and the enclosing structure (22, 40) thereof in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present publication discloses a method and an apparatus for drying the fuel used for firing a fluidized-bed boiler (1). The hot, inert solids of the fluidized bed are circulated by a regulated rate from the furnace (2) to a simple dryer (11) incorporated into the fuel feed line (7) to the boiler (1), whereby the fuel is dried and steam is generated. By virtue of controlled bed solids recirculation, a constant temperature of the dryer (11) can be maintained, thus permitting the omission of all heat transfer surfaces from the dryer (11). The nearly clean steam released from the drying process is routed from the dryer (11) to useful applications. (FIG.

Abstract: An assembly for guiding different types of inspection and machining apparatuses around permanently installed pipes and shafts in power plants and similar locations. Such assemblies are used for guiding equipment employed in the inspection and machining of elongated objects with a circular cross section around said objects. According to the invention the assembly is mounted around the object by a belt which is tightened between two belt pulleys so as to embrace the object. The belt pulleys are mounted on a body part to both sides of a drive motor that drives both belt pulleys synchronously via gear wheels. The mounting of the assembly on the object to be inspected is extremely rapid.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and equipment for the compensation of voltage increase in electrodes of a apparatus used to process dielectric materials. In the apparatus the electrodes are arranged parallel, at a constant distance from each other across the conveying path of the material to be treated. Electric power to the electrodes is supplied by connecting the adjacent electrodes to a opposite pole of a high frequency power source. In order to minimize the voltage increase in the electrodes, a reverse magnetic field is brought to influence with the magnetic field of each electrode, by arranging a return path for the electrode current at a suitable distance from the electrode and connecting these return paths to the return paths of the adjacent electrodes.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the drying of a water-consuming material in a power-plant process. The water-containing material to be dried is introduced into a pressurized dryer (10) and thermal energy is supplied for the drying of the water-containing material. The steam produced in the drying is, at least partly, passed along a separate duct as injection steam into the combustion unit (13) of a gas turbine (14). The invention also concerns a dryer used in the method.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a measurement method of the alignment status of a shaft line (16) in rotating machineries and an apparatus for the implementation of the method. According to the invention, the displacement of alignment is measured at convenient points of the shaft line (16) from the displacement of an optically fanned laser beam (4) hitting sensor units (10, 11). At the beginning of a measurement session, a zero reference point is determined for the beam (4) and the measurement values of the sensor units (10, 11) are compared against this reference value during the measurement session. The relative displacement is obtained as the difference between the initial value and the value during the measurement. The apparatus and method is also applicable to the measurement of displacements in pipelines, long shafts and other similar systems.

Abstract: The invention concerns a combined gas-turbine and steam-turbine power plant, which comprises heat transfer members which interconnect a pressurized dryer (26) and waste-heat recovery members (22), by means of which the recovered thermal energy of the exhaust gases from the gas turbine (20) can be transferred directly or through the steam turbine into the dryer (26) for the drying of a water-containing material, advantageously fuel, and for the passing of the steam produced as injection steam to the gas turbine (20). The invention also concerns a method for improving the efficiency of a power-plant process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus starts the boiler of a solid-fuel fired power plant and ensures the burning process of the fuel. The main fuel of the boiler is ignited by entering an auxiliary fuel stream gasified and ignited with a plasma torch (1). Efficient mixing and safe ignition of the main fuel with the auxiliary fuel is ensured by a turbulent feed of the auxiliary fuel and a nozzle (12) through which the auxiliary fuel is entered into the main fuel stream.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a measurement method of the alignment status of a shaft line (16) in rotating machineries and an apparatus for the implementation of the method. According to the invention, the displacement of alignment is measured at convenient points of the shaft line (16) from the displacement of an optically fanned laser beam (4) hitting sensor units (10, 11). At the beginning of a measurement session, a zero reference point is determined for the beam (4) and the measurement values of the sensor units (10, 11) are compared against this reference value during the measurement session. The relative displacement is obtained as the difference between the initial value and the value during the measurement. The apparatus and method is also applicable to the measurement of displacements in pipelines, long shafts and other similar systems.

Abstract: The invention concerns equipment for drying of a web material (1) or for equalization of its moisture content by means of induction heating. The web is passed between the rolls in two or more pairs of rolls (2,3; 4,5; 6,7). High-frequency energy is passed to one of the rolls (2,4,6) in the pairs of rolls by means of a capacitive energy transfer member. One of the electrodes in this capacitive energy transfer member consists of the mantle of the roll (2,4,6) concerned. As the other electrode, a trough unit (8,9,10) which surrounds a part of the roll mantle is arranged. Alternatively, the trough unit may be substituted for by a rod electrode, which may be placed outside or inside the roll.

Abstract: An image processing method for flame monitoring is based on the formation of a video signal characteristic to the combustion process. In accordance with the method, the flame is monitored by each fire-box camera essentially from its side, whereby the video signal is adapted to cover at least an entire ignition area of a single burner, the video signal is continually processed to define the average intensity level corresponding to the steepest intensity gradients, and for each averaged level, the corresponding spatial or time coordinates of the continuous video signal, which define the location of the ignition area, are determined. The method extracts from the ignition and combustion process abundant information helpful in the control of combustion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for drying a moving web material (E), wherein on the material (E) to be dried is directed infrared radiation, and wherein the moving web material is transported through the radiation zone of an infrared radiator, the web material to be dried absorbing radiation. On the moving web material to be dried is directed the radiation produced by at least one first infrared radiator (T.sub.1) and the radiation produced by at least one second infrared radiator (T.sub.2), the radiators being disposed close to each other, the maximum intensity wavelength (.lambda..sub.maximum) (T.sub.1) of the radiation from the first infrared radiator (T.sub.1) being smaller than the maximum intensity wavelength (.lambda..sub.maximum) (T.sub.2) of the radiation from the second radiator (T.sub.2), whereby in the drying process the spectrum of the total radiation is maximally advantageous in relation to the absorption spectrum of the material to be dried. The invention also concerns an IR dryer.

Abstract: This publication discloses a method and an apparatus for the utilization of the heat value of a water-bearing fuel in a gas turbine power plant. The apparatus comprises a high-pressure combustion unit (7), a gas turbine (15), a generator (16), and heat recovery units, the latter connected the system close to the gas turbine (15) outlet. According to the invention the water-bearing fuel is dried in a high pressure by the heat energy of the turbine exhaust gases, and the steam generated in the dryer stage is fed to the high-pressure section of the combustion process, at a point between a compressor (9) and the turbine (15), that is, for instance, into the combustion or gasification unit (7). The system in accordance with the invention provides for the utilization of the heat value of fuels having a high moisture content.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the reduction in the quantity of low activity organic wastes from nuclear power plants. This is accomplished using anaerobic fermentation in a bioreactor. The waste from the nuclear power plant is subjected to a pretreatment such as comminution and suspension, hydrolysis and/or physical dispersion, such as by a irradiation, heat treatment or the equivalent. The pretreated waste is subjected to anaerobic decomposition in a bioreactor, the anaerobic decomposition taking place in two stages, namely an acid stage and a methane stage. The gases produced in the decomposition process are conducted from the methane stage to a gas burning stage and the undecomposed waste is removed, concentrated and packed in barrels or the like for storage.