Abstract: A catalyst system capable of catalyzing the carbonylation of ethylene and a process which uses such a system wherein the catalyst system is obtainable by combining a metal of Group VIII, e.g., palladium, or a compound thereof and a bidentate phosphine, e.g. bis(di-t-butyl phospino)-o-xylene, according to the equation C2H4+CO+ROH→C2H5CO2R,.

Abstract: The surface resistivity of polycarbonate resin is reduced and thus the antistatic properties improved by the inclusion of esters of branched fatty acids and polyhydroxylic compounds having at least one and desirably at least two free hydroxyl groups e.g. glycerol mono-iso-stearate. The reduction in surface resistivity can be acheived without a significant increase in haze or yellowness.

Abstract: A lubricant composition containing an anti-deposition component having an anti-deposition effect which is especially useful for the lubrication of refrigeration compressors and in reducing or removal of unwanted deposits in constricted areas in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: A flushing composition containing a lubricant and a deposit removal component having a deposit removal effect which is especially useful for cleaning refrigeration systems by reducing or removing unwanted deposits in constricted areas in the refrigeration system.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the making of a copolymer of the general formula (I) wherein A is a residue of at least one (meth)acrylate monomeric species, B is a residue of at least one monomeric species copolymerizable with A, R is a (meth)acrylate functionalized pendant ester group, X1 and X2 are terminal groups which may be the same or different, n and p are both at least one and are chosen such that the copolymer has a number average molecular weight of more than 2000.

Abstract: A process for the removal of chloroalkane, chlorofluoroalkane and/or hydrofluoroalkane impurities from pentafluoroethane which comprises contacting the impure pentafluoroethane with hydrogen at elevated temperature in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to convert the impurity or impurities to a hydrofluoroalkane and/or a hydrocarbon and separating the resulting hydrofluoroalkane and/or hydrocarbon from the pentafluoroethane.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam in the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent using a tolylenediamine-initiated polyether polyol in an amount of between 10 and 40% by weight based on total isocyanate-reactive compounds.

Abstract: Process for preparing rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam using as blowing agent a mixture containing from 1 to 50 mole % 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and from 50 to 99 mole % isopentane and/or n-pentane.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the making of a copolymer of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: A method for producing a colour recommendation for a structure or part of a structure to be painted which comprises the steps of: selecting, at a user terminal and from a first database containing at least one image of structural archetypes stored in electronic format on storage means, an archetype image that closely matches the structure to be painted, the first database being located at a server remote from the said user terminal; selecting, at the said user terminal, a colour or colours from a second database containing at least one colour stored in electronic format on storage means the second database likewise being located at the remote server; applying the colour or colours at the remote server to the image to produce a colour scheme; displaying, on a display unit of the user terminal, the structure or part of a structure with the colour applied; and providing information from which paint corresponding to the colour or colours in the colour scheme can be identified.

Abstract: A method for producing a color recommendation for a structure or part of a structure to be painted which comprises selecting from a database containing images of structural archetypes stored on storage means of an archetype image that closely matches the structure to be painted, selecting a color or colors from a database comprising colors stored on storage means and applying the color or colors to the archetype to produce a color scheme and displaying the structure or part of the structure with the color applied.

Abstract: Method for producing an evacuated insulation panel comprising the steps of enveloping an open celled (semi-)rigid insulating foam in a substantially gas impermeable flexible vessel, evacuating the whole and sealing, wherein the panel is compressed during or after evacuation and sealing to a thickness of 10 to 90% of its initial thickness prior to compression.

Abstract: Production of unsaturated aldehydes by the aldol condensation of straight chain aldehydes, e.g. butyraldehyde, by contacting the aldehyde in the vapour phase with a particulate catalyst comprising at least one basic alkali metal compound supported on an inert substrate at a temperature above 175° C.

Abstract: An aqueous paint composition comprising a polymeric binder and a particulate non-film-forming solid in which; (i) at least 20% by weight of the polymeric binder is a thickener which is an, amine or acid functional, acrylic addition polymer which is at least partially neutralised, the thickener being such that a 1% by weight solution of the thickener in water when fully neutralised has a viscosity of at least 10 centipoise (measured using a Brookfield Spindle number 3 at 60 rpm and 25° C.), (ii) the pvc of the coating composition is 65 to 95%; (iii) the volume solids of the composition is 8 to 30%.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition (especially a paint or varnish for buildings, vehicles, furniture and metal or plastics containers) which can form coatings on surfaces at ambient temperatures which on drying have improved early hardness and tack-resistance. The coating composition comprises water, optionally pigment and other conventional ingredients and dispersed particles of a highly non-crystalline polyester containing repeating hydroxyalkanoate units (preferably 3-hydroxybutyrate or 3-hydroxyvalerate or their copolymers). The polyester is non-crystalline to the extent that at least 60 wt % of the particles have a density of less than 102 % of Dmin where Dmin is the minimum density attainable by the polyester. The composition may also contain conventional film-forming polymers of the types used in aqueous paint or varnish.

Abstract: A protective coating composition for coating interior surfaces of beer, beverage, and food containers, as well as interior and exterior surfaces of can ends, comprises a polymeric binder of emulsion copolymerized ethylenic monomers in the presence of an unsaturated polyester dispersed into water with an aqueous dispersed epoxy-acrylic graft copolymer dispersant. The preferred polymeric binder comprises by weight between 0.1% and 40% unsaturated polyester, between 20% and 80% emulsion copolymerized ethylenic unsaturated monomers, and at least 20% dispersant, where the emulsion copolymerized monomers crosslink with the water dispersed unsaturated polyester.

Abstract: A working fluid composition comprising:

Abstract: Compositions comprising (A) a rigid thermoplastic polyurethane not having a major glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 60° C. and (B) a rubber-like material having a Tg of less than 20° C., wherein the weight ratio (A):(B) is at most 85:15.

Abstract: An exothermic oxidation process wherein a rotating bed containing a variable oxidation state material is cycled through a succession of stages including an oxidative regeneration stage including a step wherein an oxidising fluid is passed through the bed, and a reaction stage wherein feedstock is passed through the bed, whereby said feedstock is oxidised to give products stream with the concurrent reduction of the convertible material to its lower oxidation state. The process can further include a stage wherein cooling fluid is passed through the bed.

Abstract: Prior to carrying out a gaseous phase chemical reaction, a liquid phase organic compound which is prone to degrade is vaporised at elevated pressures with the aid of a second compound. In one embodiment of the invention vaporisation is effected by co-vaporising a mixture of the two compounds in a vaporiser. In another embodiment, the first compound is injected into a hot gaseous stream and undergoes atomisation into droplets which then vaporise within the gaseous stream. The second compound is used to assist the atomisation process and/or to sweep atomised droplets of the first compound away from hot surfaces where the first compound would otherwise tend to undergo degradation if the droplets are allowed to reside in contact with such surfaces.