Abstract: Provided is a terminal to transmit wireless environment measurement information to a femto base station, and the femto base station to receive the wireless environment measurement information from the terminal. The femto base station may perform initialization based on the wireless environment measurement information, or may transmit the wireless environment measurement information to a base station control unit. The base station control unit may determine whether to additionally install a second femto base station based on the wireless environment measurement information.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor (“TFT”) substrate includes a metal wiring including copper or a copper alloy on a substrate, an inorganic layer on an upper surface and side surfaces of the metal wiring to surround the metal wiring, the inorganic layer in direct contact with the metal wiring, and a planarization layer on the inorganic layer and in direct contact with the inorganic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a calibration method using a vector network analyzer including: acquiring impulse responses for a direct wave and a multi-reflected wave generated by transmitting and receiving devices connected to a measuring port of the vector network analyzer; setting a gate only for an impulse response for the direct wave among the impulse responses for the acquired direct wave and multi-reflected wave; and transforming the impulse response for the direct wave to which the gate is set into a frequency domain signal and defining the transformed frequency domain signal as calibration results.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for collecting vehicle diagnostic information. The apparatus for collecting vehicle diagnostic information includes a conversion unit and an optical multiplexing unit. The conversion unit receives a plurality of frames complying with respective different protocols from a plurality of networks for vehicles, which collects vehicle diagnostic information, in electric signal form, and converts the plurality of frames into a plurality of optical signals having respective different wavelengths based on the wavelengths previously assigned to the respective protocols. The optical multiplexing unit generates a wavelength division multiplexed signal by performing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) on the plurality of optical signals, and transmits the wavelength division multiplexed signal via an optical cable.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes; a first pad that receives an external voltage during a test, a second pad coupled to an external impedance during the test, a voltage-current converter coupled to the first pad and the second pad and generating a bias current substantially in response to only the external voltage and the external impedance, and an internal circuit responsive to a test current during the test, such that the level of the test current is defined by the level of the bias current.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and process of fabricating the same, the semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate, a gate insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate, a gate electrode having sidewalls, on the gate insulating layer, first spacers on the sidewalls of the gate electrode, a source/drain region in the semiconductor substrate, aligned with the sidewalls, a silicide layer on the gate electrode, a silicide layer on the source/drain region, and second spacers covering the first spacers and end parts of a surface of the silicide layer on the source drain region.

Abstract: An RFID tag includes: an antenna receiving an RF signal from a reader; an AFE (analog front end) generating voltage using the RF signal; and one or more switches interposed between the antenna and the AFE and controlling the connection between the antenna and the AFE through the switch operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for performing fast handover by a terminal in an environment in which multiple femto base stations exist. A method for performing handover by a terminal includes transmitting, to a serving femto base station, a message for requesting seamless handover within a group including multiple femto base stations, the serving femto base station belonging to the group; receiving, from the serving femto base station, first command message including power information and allocation information; broadcasting an uplink signal that is applied with transmission power indicated by the power information, through an uplink resource indicated by the allocation information; receiving second command messages including measurements of the uplink signal measured by the multiple femto base stations from the serving femto base stations; and performing network re-entry to a target base station among the femto base stations.

Abstract: Provided is a method of processing hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) and adaptive transmission of a device-to-device (D2D) link. In the method, an operation method of user equipment (UE) includes (a) receiving an initial transmission mode (TM) and transmission power for the D2D link from a base station, and performing data transmission through the D2D link, (b) determining, at the UE, a TM and transmission power of a succeeding subframe, or receiving a TM control value and a transmission power control value from counterpart UE of the D2D link and determining the TM and the transmission power of the succeeding subframe, and (c) performing the data transmission to the counterpart UE using the determined TM and transmission power. Here, (b) and (c) are repeated.

Abstract: Discussed are a thin film solar cell module and a method of fabricating the same. A solar cell module includes a substrate; and a transparent electrode layer. The transparent electrode layer in turn includes a first electrode layer provided on the substrate; and a second electrode layer provided on the first electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are made of different materials and the second electrode layer is locally formed on portions of the first electrode layer. Accordingly, the transparent electrode layer exhibits improved transmittance of monochromatic light as well as increased light scattering, thereby enhancing efficiency of the thin film solar cell module.

Abstract: A mobile terminal in a sensor network selects one of the sensors nodes in the sensor network as an upstream agent, and piggybacks a list of neighboring sensor nodes found in the upstream agent selection process on an upstream packet and transmits the upstream packet to a gateway through the upstream agent. The gateway in the sensor network selects one of the neighboring sensor nodes as a downstream agent using state information of the neighboring sensor nodes in the list, and transmits a downstream packet to the mobile terminal through the selected downstream agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for communication in an application field that may communicate with a sensor or a computer incorporated in an object or an environment to collect information about an object or an environment associated with the object, or process the information to semantic information to be shared and provided to a user or the object, and may recognize and determine a surrounding circumstance independently and without a command from an external source, thereby providing an intended application service.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of detecting a rogue optical network unit (ONU) is provided. An optical line terminal (OLT) detects an abnormal upstream transmission to determine a plurality of rogue ONU candidates, and transmits a sleep allow message instructing a transition to a sleep mode to each of the plurality of rogue ONU candidates. The OLT detects the rogue ONU among the plurality of rogue ONU candidates based on upstream transmissions from the plurality of rogue ONU candidates in the sleep mode. Since the detection of the rogue ONU is performed in the sleep mode, the remaining ONUs can transition from the sleep mode to the normal mode after the detection of the rogue ONU is completed, thereby making it possible to rapidly resume upstream communication.

Abstract: An audio/video (A/V) device having a volume control function for external audio reproduction units by using volume control buttons of a remote controller is provided. The A/V device includes speakers, an audio output port for externally outputting an audio signal, an audio signal processing unit for reproducing and amplifying the audio signal and applying the amplified audio signal to the speakers or the audio output port, a memory unit for storing volume control values, and a control unit for applying to the audio signal processing unit any of the volume control values stored in the memory based on whether the external audio reproduction unit is plugged in the audio output port. The control unit controls the audio signal processing unit to adjust the volume control values for the audio output port by the volume control buttons when the external audio reproduction unit is plugged in the audio output port.

Abstract: An email forwarding apparatus and method are provided. The email forwarding apparatus for an original email received from a transmitter email providing apparatus to a mobile communication terminal device in response to a request from the transmitter email providing apparatus, the email forwarding apparatus includes a data communication unit to transmit and receive information regarding an email to and from the transmitter email providing apparatus or the mobile communication terminal device; a file storage unit to store an attachment file that is attached to the original email; and a control unit to transmit to the mobile communication terminal device an email which includes access information associated with the attachment file stored in the file storage unit and/or text information contained in the original email and transmit to a receiver email providing apparatus a forwarding email which includes the attachment file stored in the file storage unit and/or remade text information.

Abstract: A method for selective sub-layer macroblock decoding includes sorting macroblocks into a plurality of layers, resolving a data dependency between the layers of the macroblocks, identifying the presence of decoding of each of the macroblocks in a sub-layer based on the data dependency, and selectively decoding the macroblocks based on the identified result.

Abstract: A microparticle detection apparatus is provided. The microparticle detection apparatus includes a light emitting optical element, a converging optical system disposed in an advancing direction of light emitted from the optical element to converge the light, a particle path located in an advancing direction of the light having passed through the converging optical system so that the particle path intersects the light, a beam blocking unit to block direct light having passed through the particle path, a condensing lens disposed at the rear of the beam blocking unit, and a detector disposed at the rear of the condensing lens to detect light scattered by particles. A focal point of light formed by the optical element and the converging optical system may be located at the rear of the particle path. A focal point of light irradiated to the particles may be different from the introduction position of the particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical line terminal device which includes a media access control (MAC) block configured to convert Ethernet packets and port identifiers into a downstream frame or an upstream frame into the Ethernet packets and the port identifiers; and a central processing unit (CPU) configured to control the MAC block, wherein the MAC block includes a traffic monitoring part which is configured to receive the port identifiers and to provide identifier information of an optical network device according to the port identifiers; and wherein the CPU is configured to generate a control frame for controlling a power supplied to the optical network device, according to identifier information of the optical network device.

Abstract: A transformer includes a winding member, a magnetic core assembly and an insulating seat. The winding member includes a bobbin, a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil and the secondary coil are wound on the bobbin. The magnetic core assembly includes a first magnetic core and a second magnetic core. The winding member is arranged between the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core. The insulating seat includes a receptacle, at least one ventilation hole, at least one sheltering member and plural pins. The winding member and the magnetic core assembly are accommodated within the receptacle. The ventilation hole is formed in the sheltering member. The first terminals of the primary coil and/or the second terminals of the secondary coil are connected with the pins.

Abstract: A user interaction apparatus using a pattern image includes: an image output unit for outputting a general image on a display region; a laser radiating unit for radiating laser beams for a pattern image; a pattern image forming unit for forming the pattern image by using the laser beams; a pattern image output unit for outputting the pattern image by overlapping the same on the display region of the general image; and an image acquiring unit for capturing the pattern image output on the display region. The apparatus further includes: an image recognizing unit for recognizing a user input by performing an image processing on the pattern image captured by the image acquiring unit.