Abstract: A portable handheld device (20) for use by a therapist to measure angles and forces associated with a joint of a patient. The device (20) comprises a housing (22) with a contact pad (26) that is arranged to contact a body part associated with the joint and a hand piece (24) for the therapist to grip. A goniometer is mounted within the housing (22) and is arranged to measure the angular position of the body part when it is in contact with the contact pad (26) and generate representative angle data. A force sensor is coupled to the contact pad (26) and is arranged to measure the force applied by the body part to the contact pad (26) and generate representative force data. A control system is also provided and is arranged to operate the goniometer and force sensor simultaneously to capture measurements of angle data and force data simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I) which are inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNP), purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PPRT), 5?-methylthioadenosine phosphorylases (MTAP), 5?-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases (MTAN) and/or nucleoside hydrolases (NH). The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I) which are inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNP), purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PPRT), 5?-methylthioadenosine phosphorylases (MTAP), 5?-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases (MTAN) and/or nucleoside hydrolases (NH).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and synchronizing packets of data with a repeated sequence as a pilot symbol received by a communications system are provided. The method and apparatus include receiving data, detecting a packet within the received data, producing an estimate of the time-varying frequency offset of the received data, estimating the start of the packet of the received data, estimating the time-varying phase offset of the received data and estimating the time-varying time offset of the received data. Methods for assessing each one of the time-varying frequency offset, the time-varying phase offset, the time-varying time offset and the start of packet are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) which are inhibitors of purine muclioside phosphorylases (PNP), purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PPRT), 5?-methylthioadenosine phosphorylases (MTAP), 5?-methylthioadenosine mucliosidases (MTAN) and/or nucleoside hydrolases (NH). The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment of diseases and infections including cancer, bacterial infections, protozoal infections, and T-cell mediated disease and to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds.

Abstract: The OFDM communications system for wireless networks includes at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. Each transmitter includes a signal source, a transmit modulator that arranges the data into packets and appends a pilot symbol of a repeated pseudo random binary sequence to the start of each packet, a multiplexer, an inverse fast Fourier transform, an up-sampler, a digital low pass filter, a digital to analogue converter, and an RF module. Each receiver includes an RF module, an analogue to digital converter, a digital low pass filter, a down-sampler, a frame detector to search for significant pilot symbol correlations and make initial estimates of at least one signal parameter, a digital phase locked loop to remove estimated frequency- and phase-offsets, a fast Fourier transform operator, a linear phase corrector to remove estimated sub-sample timing errors, a decision block, and a demultiplexer.

Abstract: A process of preparing a compound of the formula (I) wherein B is chosen from OH, NH2, NHR, H or halogen; D is chosen from OH, NH2, NHR, H halogen or SCH3; R is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; and Z is selected from OH, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, SQ or OQ, Q is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; or a tautomer thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or an ester thereof; or a prodrug thereof, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula (II) with an anion produced by abstraction of the bromine or iodine atom from a compound of formula (XIX), to form a compound of formula (XX) The compound of formula (XX) is N- and O-deprotected to obtain the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the formula: wherein A is CH or N; B is chosen from OH, NH2, NHR, H or halogen; D is chosen from OH, NH2, NHR, H, halogen or SCH3; R is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; and X and Y are independently selected from H, OH or halogen except that when one of X and Y is hydroxy or halogen, the other is hydrogen; and Z is OH or, when X is hydroxy, Z is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, SQ or OQ, Q is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; or a tautomer thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or an ester thereof; or a prodrug thereof; and compounds having the formula: wherein A, X, Y, Z and R are defined for compounds of formula (I) where first shown above; E is chosen from CO2H or a corresponding salt form, CO2R, CN, CONH2, CONHR or CONR2; and G is chosen from NH2, NHCOR, NHCONHR or NHCSNHR; or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an ester thereof, or a prodrug the

Abstract: The use of a citrus fruit skin extract for promoting angiogenesis, or treating a disease or disorder where it is desirable to promote angiogenesis. Such diseases include coronary heart disease, stroke, or ulcers. A composition comprising an extract of citrus fruit skin suitable for use in promoting angiogenesis, or treating a disease or disorder where it is desirable to promote angiogenesis. A process for preparing a citrus fruit skin extract. The citrus fruit may be grapefruit, orange, lemon, lime, mandarin, tangelo, tangerine or uglis, preferably grapefruit (Citrus paradisii).

Abstract: A method of generating a three-dimensional radar image of a body part having multiple image points. The method comprises receiving radiation information (11) obtained at an array of scan locations relative to the body part, surface profile information (12) relating to the body part, and estimates of body part properties (13). The method further comprises constructing each image point by: determining the minimum optical paths between each scan location and the image point based on the scan locations, surface profile information and body part properties; phase-shifting the radiation information based on the minimum optical paths to equalise the radiation information; and then summing the equalised radiation information to provide a value for the image point. The 3D radar image of the body part is then generated based on the values of each of the image points.

Abstract: An in-line early enhancement generation system comprises one or more microphones positioned close to one or more sound sources so as to detect predominantly direct sound, an early reflection generation stage which generates a number of delayed reproductions of the microphone signals and which has unitary power gain whereby the stability of the system is independent of the delay times and amplitudes, and a number of loudspeakers placed to broadcast said early reflected energy into the room.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the formula: wherein A is CH or N; B is chosen from OH, NH2, NHR, H or halogen; D is chosen from OH, NH2, NHR, H, halogen or SCH3; R is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; and X and Y are independently selected from H, OH or halogen except that when one of X and Y is hydroxy or halogen, the other is hydrogen; and Z is OH or, when X is hydroxy, Z is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, SQ or OQ, Q is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; or a tautomer thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or an ester thereof; or a prodrug thereof; and compounds having the formula: wherein A, X, Y, Z and R are defined for compounds of formula (I) where first shown above; E is chosen from CO2H or a corresponding salt form, CO2R, CN, CONH2, CONHR or CONR2; and G is chosen from NH2, NHCOR, NHCONHR or NHCSNHR; or a tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an ester thereof, or a prodrug the

Abstract: A process of preparing a compound of the formula (I) wherein B is chosen from OH, NH2, NHR, H or halogen; D is chosen from OH, NH2, NHR, H halogen or SCH3; R is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; and Z is selected from OH, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, SQ or OQ, Q is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; or a tautomer thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or an ester thereof; or a prodrug thereof, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula (II) with an anion produced by abstraction of the bromine or iodine atom from a compound of formula (XIX), to form a compound of formula (XX) The compound of formula (XX) is N- and O-deprotected to obtain the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: A musical instrument preamplifier system is provided which comprises a filtering means for splitting an input signal into two or more separate frequency bands comprising a similar phase response for each frequency band, two or more non-linear circuits, each of which distorts the input signal component of one of the frequency bands, and a summing network for recombining said frequency bands.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for preventing protein fouling on surfaces are described. Such methods are particularly, but not exclusively, of use in treatment of stainless steel present in processing equipment such as in the dairy industry.

Abstract: A circular transducer array (30) is provided for use in recording a sound field. The array (30) comprises a plurality of microphones (31a–31h), a digital signal processor (33), frequency compensation filters (34) and a sum and difference network (35). The digital signal processor calculates the Fourier transform of sampled output signals from the transducers to produce a plurality of sound wave components specifying the sound field. The frequency compensation network (34) equalises each component using Bassel functions to flatten the apparent response of the array (30) and the sum and difference network (35) then combines the equalised components to provide a plurality of audio signals which represent the sound field.

Abstract: A novel method for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) from an N—protected-D-mannosamine. A compound of formula (I) is a useful intermediate for the preparation of kiftnensine, a potent and selective mannosidase inhibitor. The method includes protecting the hydroxyl group at the C-6 position of an N—protected-D-mannosamine, to give a 6—O—protected—N—protected-D-mannosamine; reducing the C-1 anomeric carbon atom of the 6—O—protected—N—protected-D-mannosamine to give a 6—O—protected—N—protected-D-mannitol; protecting the four hydroxyl groups of the 6—O—protected—N—protected-D-mannitol; and removing the nitrogen atom protecting group and optionally removing the C-6 oxygen atom protecting group to give the compound of formula (I): where R1 and R2 are each independently protecting groups which, together with the oxygen atoms to which they are attached, form a 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered ring; and R3 is hydrogen or a protecting group.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of calculating uncertainty in the system represented as two or more modules comprising the steps of passing uncertainty information from each module to at least one further module; and calculating uncertainty in the measurement result from the information exchanged between the modules. The invention also provides a method of propagating uncertainty in a measurement system and also provides related systems for calculating uncertainty and propagating uncertainty.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of the formula (I): wherein A is selected from N, CH and CR, where R is selected from halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl and aryl, OH, NH2, NHR1, NR1R2 and SR3, where R1, R2 and R3 are each optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups; B is selected from OH, NH2, NHR4, H and halogen, where R4 is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; D is selected from OH, NH2, NHR5, H, halogen and SCH3, where R5 is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; X and Y are independendy selected from H, OH and halogen, with the proviso that when one of X and Y is hydroxy or halogen, the other is hydrogen; Z is OH, or, when X is hydroxy, Z is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, SQ and OQ, where Q is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; and W is OH or H, with the proviso that when W is OH, then A is CR where R is as defined above; or a tautomer thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or an ester t

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of the formula: wherein A is selected from N, CH and CR; R is selected from halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl and aryl, OH, NH2, NHR1, NR1R2 and SR3; R1, R2 and R3 are each optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups; B is selected from NH2 and NHR4; R4 is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; X is selected from H, OH and halogen; Z is selected from H, Q, SQ and OQ; Q is an optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group; or a tautomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an ester, or a prodrug thereof; with the proviso that the stereochemistry of the aza-sugar moiety is D-ribo or 2?-deoxy-D-erythro-; pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compound; and methods of treatment using said compound.

Abstract: A non-invasive sensor suitable for measuring the depth of fat in animal tissue is described, the sensor generating and transmitting focussed discrete narrow band microwave signals into the tissue, receiving reflected microwave signals from the tissue and providing magnitude and phase information of the reflected microwave signals for a processor to compute a value of the fat depth within the tissue.