Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a certification server of a public key certificate system. The method includes receiving a request for issuance of a public key certificate from a terminal, determining a terminal encryption scheme and a certification encryption scheme that are suitable for a public key certificate system, the terminal encryption scheme and the certification encryption scheme being encryption schemes allowed in the public key certificate system, generating a public key of the terminal according to the terminal encryption scheme, generating a public key certificate for verifying the validity of the public key of the terminal according to the certification encryption scheme, and transmitting the public key certificate to the terminal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure may include a key generation device of a lattice-based public key cryptosystem. In some embodiments, the key generation device may include a communication unit, a storage unit, and a processor that may be configured to control the key generation device to perform operations. In some embodiments, the operations may include generating a public key by using a public key polynomial, where the public key polynomial may belong to a first polynomial ring. In some embodiments, the operations may additionally include generating a secret key that may correspond to the public key. In some embodiments, the secret key may be generated by using a secret key polynomial that may belong to a second polynomial ring. In some embodiments, the operations may additionally include storing the public key and the secret key.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a communication device configured to exchange data with an external device, a memory configured to store data on a plurality of electronic signature schemes, and a processor configured to control the electronic device so that the electronic device performs a plurality of operations, wherein the plurality of operations includes generating a first electronic signature from plaintext based on a first electronic signature scheme, generating a second electronic signature from the plaintext based on a second electronic signature scheme, and generating a multiple electronic signature using the first electronic signature and the second electronic signature, both the first electronic signature scheme and the second electronic signature scheme are electronic signature schemes based on mathematical problems, and a first mathematical problem on which the first electronic signature scheme is based mathematically differs from a second mathematical problem on which the second electronic signatu

Abstract: A fuel cell stack including a plurality of fuel cell units having a truncated cone shape and connected in series with each other is proposed. The series connection of the fuel cell units may be made such that a relatively small outer diameter portion of one of the fuel cell units is inserted into a relatively large outer diameter portion of another fuel cell unit adjacent to the one fuel cell unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for base editing of plant cell organelle DNA and, in particular, to a composition and method for editing adenine to guanine and cytosine to thymine in plant cell organelle DNA.

Abstract: A server for managing terminals that perform lattice-based public key cryptographic communication according to embodiments of the present disclosure is disclosed. Each of the terminals performs public key cryptographic communication based on a public key including a domain public key and an individual public key, and a randomly determined individual private key, wherein the individual public key is calculated according to the following mathematical formula: IP=f(CP,SK) (wherein IP is an individual public key, SK is an individual private key, CP is a domain public key, and f is an individual public key generation function), and wherein the server includes a communication circuit, a memory configured to store a program including instructions, and a processor that controls the server to perform a plurality of operations by executing the program stored in the memory.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device for computing a solution to a linear system using a block matrix. The electronic device includes a memory configured to store data, and a processor configured to perform a plurality of operations by executing instructions. The electronic device computes the solution to the linear system without directly computing an inverse matrix R?1 of a block matrix R, using an inverse matrix of at least one of a plurality of sub-blocks matrices A, B, C, and D that constitute a block matrix R representing the linear system, and an inverse matrix of at least one of combinations of the plurality of sub-block matrices A, B, C, and D. According, the solution to the linear system can be efficiently computed.

Abstract: A nanomembrane and a forming method thereof are provided. The nanomembrane according to embodiments of the present invention comprises an elastomer layer and nanostructures disposed on the elastomer layer. The method for forming a nanomembrane according to embodiments of the present invention comprises forming a nanocomposite solution comprising nanostructures and an elastomer solution, forming an elastomer solution layer by providing the nanocomposite solution on a first solvent, and forming an elastomer layer by drying the elastomer solution layer, and forming a nanomembrane comprising the elastomer layer and the nanostructures bonded to the elastomer layer. The nanocomposite solution is formed by mixing the nanostructures and the elastomer solution with a second solvent, and the elastomer solution is formed by mixing elastomer and a third solvent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a water splitting catalyst including a porous carbon layer, a bimetallic metal alloy core dispersed on the porous carbon layer, and a single-atom precious metal dispersed on the bimetallic metal alloy core, in which oxygen is adsorbed on the surface of the bimetallic metal alloy core.

Abstract: The magnetic particle for modulating the activity of cells according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is capable of specifically binding to a bioactive material, and includes a core and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the surface of the core, and may generate a torque of 10 pN·nm or more when a rotating magnetic field of 5 mT is applied.

Abstract: The system for modulating the activity of cells includes a rotating magnetic field generating device which has an internal space in which a magnetic force generating unit and a living body can be disposed and forms a rotating magnetic field which satisfies Relationship Formulas 1 and 2 below; and magnetic particles disposed in the living body and capable of binding to a bioactive material and generating a torque when a rotating magnetic field is applied to transmit the torque to the bioactive material. ? "\[LeftBracketingBar]" M c ? "\[RightBracketingBar]" ? 1 ? mT [ Relationship ? Formula ? 1 ] ? "\[LeftBracketingBar]" M 7 ? 5 - M c ? "\[RightBracketingBar]" / D 7 ? 5 ? 5.

Abstract: A method for preparing a transition metal electrochemical catalyst according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes dissolving a nitrogen precursor and a transition metal precursor in a polyol-based solvent so as to prepare a solution in which transition metal ions and free anions are coordinated, and mixing same with a support so as to prepare a mixture, igniting the mixture so as to carbonize the polyol-based solvent, thereby forming transition metal nanoparticles encompassed by carbon, performing heat treatment in order to carbonize remaining organic matter contained in the mixture, and removing, through acid treatment, impurities and transition metal nanoparticles not encompassed by carbon, and then removing remaining acid through washing and additional heat treatment, thereby a nanocatalyst having a structure in which a single-atom transition metal-nitrogen bonding structure and/or transition metal nanoparticles encompassed by carbon exist is synthesized.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide and a preparation method therefor are provided. The catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises a carbon-based support and a catalyst moiety that is bonded to the carbon-based support and comprises an M1-N bonding structure (M1 represents a transition metal atom). The method for preparing a catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises preparing a carbon-based support, providing a transition metal atom (M1) to the carbon-based support, and doping nitrogen into the carbon-based support.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) including: a first transition metal matrix; and a second transition metal oxide formed on the first transition metal matrix; wherein a hydroxyl group is introduced on the second transition metal oxide.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to: an extended guide RNA and a composition for base editing, comprising the same; and a method for base editing and a method for producing genetically modified animals or plants, both methods using the composition for base editing.

Abstract: The present application relates to a catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) including a transition metal matrix and noble metal atoms formed in the transition metal matrix, in which the noble metal atoms have oxygen adsorbed thereto, and oxygen is derived from the transition metal matrix.

Abstract: Provided are a method for determining a decrease in the functions of the hippocampus by using the correlation between a micro RNA (miRNA) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a method for inhibiting the decrease in the functions, and a method for screening for inhibitors of the decrease in the functions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to: a novel compound comprising carbohydrate derivatives and fluorophores; a fluorescent probe for labeling M1 macrophages comprising same; and a visualization composition and kit comprising the fluorescent probe. A fluorescent probe for labeling M1 macrophages, according to one embodiment, shows excellent selectivity for M1 macrophages, and thus, the fluorescent probe can be applied to a M1 macrophage monitoring system, a method for providing information on M1 macrophages, and a method for providing information necessary for diagnosis of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: Embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a BODIPY derivative compound and a fluorescent probe for detecting changes in the pH and/or viscosity of an oil including same. Since a fluorescent probe according to one embodiment can quickly detect a harmful oil with high sensitivity, it is possible to monitor the presence of harmful oils and/or cooking time, and determine whether waste oils have been mixed therein and/or the quality of the waste oils. In addition, a bad oil sensing system (BOSS) built by using the fluorescent probe is useful due to having portability and universal applicability in the field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mouse antibodies that bind to angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), humanized anti-Ang2 antibodies derived therefrom, and the use thereof. The anti-Ang2 antibodies have a dual function of activating the Tie2 receptor together with neutralizing Ang2. The anti-Ang2 antibodies show the property of normalizing abnormal and pathological blood vessels, and thus exhibits therapeutic efficacy against various diseases and disorders associated with abnormal blood vessels. The present invention further provides an angiogenesis inhibitor and a composition for treatment of diseases associated with abnormal Ang2 expression and Tie2 dysregulation, which comprise the antibody as an active ingredient, and a composition for diagnosing diseases associated with Ang2 inhibition and Tie2 activation, which comprises the antibody.