Abstract: The present invention relates to transgenic mice and isolated transgenic mouse cells, the mice and mouse cells comprising a disrupted H2 class I gene, a disrupted H2 class II gene, a functional HLA class I transgene, and a functional HLA class II transgene. In embodiments, the transgenic mouse or mouse cells are deficient for both H2 class I and class II molecules, wherein the transgenic mouse comprises a functional HLA class I transgene and a functional HLA class II transgene. In embodiments, the transgenic mouse or mouse cell has the genotype HLA-A2+HLA-DR1+?2m°IA?°. The invention also relates to methods of using a transgenic mouse of the invention.

Abstract: Methods of modifying, repairing, attenuating and inactivating a gene or other chromosomal DNA in a cell are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of treating or prophylaxis of a genetic disease in an individual in need thereof.

Abstract: The present application identifies the involvement of the HIF?-homologous Arntl2 gene in the control of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of determining the susceptibility of a subject to developing insulin-dependent diabetes based on the expressing level of the Arntl2 gene. The present invention also provides a method for identifying compounds effective for treating or preventing insulin-dependent diabetes in a subject in need thereof and a method of treating or preventing insulin-dependent diabetes by administering an effective amount of compound identified by the identification method. The present invention also provides a method of enhancing protection against insulitis progression or autoimmune diabetes development in a subject in need thereof comprising, enhancing expression of the Arntl2 gene or modulating the expression of target genes thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for generating a novel form of life comprising the steps consisting of: a) irreversible alteration of the genome of a microbial clone; b) cultivation of a vast population of microbial cells originating from the altered clone obtained in step a) during numerous generations under conditions allowing selection for a higher and stable proliferation rate; c) isolation of descendant clones within the cultivated population of step b) still bearing the alteration of step a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds with a potentiating effect on the activity of antibiotics that are activatable via the EthA enzymatic pathway, for the preparation of a medicament for preventing and/or treating mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis and leprosy, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them in combination with an antibiotic that is activatable via the EthA pathway, to compounds having a potentiating effect on the activity of antibiotics that are activatable via the EthA enzymatic pathway, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and to their use as medicaments, especially medicaments for preventing and/or treating mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis and leprosy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified opiorphin peptides as new inhibitors of metallo-ectopeptidases.

Abstract: A method to treat a disease, disorder or condition caused by a negative-sense single-strand RNA virus in an individual in need, comprising at least the step of administering to said individual in need, an isolated 2?-5?-oligoadenylate synthetase like protein or an isolated polynucleotide encoding said 2?-5?-oligoadenylate synthetase like protein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel polynucleotide exhibiting a promoting transcription activity, polynucleotide-containing vectors and to the use thereof for the transcription of interesting sequences such as the production of non-cap RNA virus. Said invention also relates to host cells preferably of avian origin, containing a polynucleotide or the inventive vector.

Abstract: An NS5B protein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), with good replication performance, has a point mutation in at least one of the following positions: in the position corresponding to residue 262 of SEQ ID NO: 1; and/or in the position corresponding to residue 265 of SEQ ID NO: 1; and/or in the position corresponding to residue 316 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

Abstract: A hybrid protein (GFP-TTC) comprising the non-toxic proteolytic C fragment of tetanus toxin fused to green fluorescent protein was used to analyze the functional synaptic organization of neural networks. When injected intramuscularly in vivo, the GFP-TTC hybrid protein binds to tetanus neurotoxin receptors and clusters very rapidly to the active neuromuscular junction. Membrane traffic by GFP-TTC at the pre-synaptic level of the neuromuscular junction is strongly and rapidly influenced by exogenously co-injecting neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, NT-4, and GDNF, but not by NGF, NT-3, and CNTF. The membrane traffic, directly detected using GFP-TTC in vivo, permits methods of analyzing synaptic functioning as well as methods of modulating neuronal transport using neurotrophic factors and agonists or antagonists thereof.

Abstract: A method for visualizing an active synapse wherein said method comprises: (a) exposing cells forming the active synapse to a biomarker comprising at least fragment C of tetanus toxin and a reporter protein; and (b) visualizing the biomarker; wherein the accumulation of the biomarker into dendritic spines of the cells allows visualization of an active synapse. Also, a method for screening molecules capable of modulating synapse activity is provided. A kit useful for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease comprises a biomarker comprising at least fragment C of tetanus toxin and a reporter protein.

Abstract: The invention relates to modified Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxins which are deficient for CD11b/CD18 binding and to their use in the preparation of pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of whooping cough and/or for the protection against Bordetella infection. The invention also relates to specific fragments of Bordetella adenylate cyclase comprising the CD11b/CD18 interaction domain and their use, especially for targeting a molecule of interest to CD11b expressing cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a kit for diagnosing autism linked to a mutation in a protein belonging to the family of human neuroligins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutations located within the gene coding for adiponectin, said mutations being associated with presbycusis. The present invention further relates to adiponectin polynucleotides comprising such mutations, to adiponectin polypeptides encoded by such polynucleotides, and to methods of diagnosing and/or treating presbycusis using adiponectin polynucleotides, adiponectin polypeptides and/or ADIPOR2 polypeptides.

Abstract: Purified nucleic acids comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an immunogenic polypeptide of adenyl cyclase-haemolysin (AC-Hly), which induces formation of protective antibodies against an infection by a bacteria selected from the group consisting of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica when the nucleic acid or polypeptide is administered to a human or animal host. The nucleic acids are useful, for example, to induce a protective immune response in a host against infection by a bacteria selected from the group consisting of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for diagnosing a melanoma in a mammal comprising the detection of the overexpression of RACK-1 protein in a melanocytic cell of said mammal, and the deduction of the presence of a melanoma from the overexpression of RACK-1 protein. The invention is also directed to a method for determining the tumoral status of a melanocytic cell of a mammal, comprising the detection of overexpression of RACK-1 protein in the melanocytic cell, and the deduction of the tumoral state of said cell from the overexpression of RACK-1 protein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for altering a protein X such as to modify the characteristics thereof by a) obtaining the mutants X* of the sequence coding for protein X, by means of aleatory mutagenesis, b) transformation of cells with a phenotype [P-] with vectors comprising the mutated nucleic acids obtained in step (a) which code for proteins X*, where P-signifies that said cells are auxotrophic for substance P, P begin the product of the action of X on the natural substrate thereof S, c) culturing said cells in a medium comprising a substrate S*, S* being an analogue of the natural substrate S of the protein X, d) selection of the cells [P-:: X*] which have survived step c) in which the proteins X* can biosynthesise the product P from the substrate S*.

Abstract: Methods for regulating the serine protease of Plasmodium. Recombinant DNA constructs which express the Plasmodium serine protease, especially those comprising a sub2 3?UTR and coding segment which express a SUB2 a serine protease. Recombinant Plasmodium containing such constructs and exhibiting increased virulence. Methods for detecting virulent Plasmodium strains by detecting the presence or amount of sub2 3?UTR sequences, sub2 mRNA or cDNA, SUB2 polypeptide expression, or other Plasmodium proteins, such as AMA1 or MSP1, which have been post-translationally modified by SUB2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the in vitro diagnosis of an Aspergillus infection by determining in the serum or plasma sample of a subject the quantity of antibodies directed against a combination of at least two of the ribonuclease (RNU), catalase (CA) and dipeptidylpeptidase V (DPPV) Aspergillus antigens. The invention also relates to a diagnostic kit comprising said combination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new proteins of Leishmania major and to therapeutical and diagnostic applications thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to excreted/secreted polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding same, compositions comprising the same, and methods of diagnosis, vaccination and treatment of Leishmaniasis.