Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system includes: a receiving unit configured to receive reception information of a data packet in a receiver from the receiver; a frame generation unit configured to generate a plurality of frames containing data to transmit to the receiver, in consideration of the reception information; a packet generation unit configured to include the plurality of frames into a payload and generate a data packet; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit the generated data packet to the receiver, wherein the payload includes a mode field containing information on the plurality of frames and the plurality of frames.

Abstract: An apparatus for protection switching in an optical transport network (OTN) includes: a working path interface module configured to check, via a working path for protection switching, connectivity of a first end node and a corresponding second end node; and a protecting path interface module configured to check connectivity of the first end node and the second node via a protection path for protection switching. Upon confirming the connectivity, the working path interface module and the protection path interface module exchange bandwidth resize (BWR) coordination information with each other and simultaneously output an ODUflex bandwidth control signal based on the exchanged BWR coordination information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a camera apparatus for automatically maintaining horizontality and a method for maintaining the horizontality of a camera module and an image sensor. Particularly, the method for maintaining the horizontality of the camera module and the image sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention include: a step in which a horizontal sensor senses the horizontal state of the image sensor; a step in which a horizontal control signal generation unit generates a horizontal control signal based on a result of comparing the horizontal state with a reference state; and a step in which a horizontal control device rotates any one of the camera module and the image sensor to attain horizontality based on the horizontal control signal and controls any one of the camera module and the image sensor to stay horizontal.

Abstract: Provided is a photochromic substance that has lower toxicity, exhibits good sensitivity in a visible light region, changes color deeply, has slow speed of color fading, has chemical and thermal stability, and has good durability. The photochromic substance has a composition represented by the formula: Ba(a-b)CabMgcSidOe:FefMgM?h where 1.8?a?2.2, 0?b?0.1, 1.4?c?3.5, 1.8?d?2.2, e=(a+c+2d), 0.0001?f, 0.0001?g, 0?h, M is at least one of Al and Eu, and M? is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Nd, Li, S, C, Ti, V, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Ge, Zn, Ga, Zr, Y, Nb, In, Ag, Mo, Sn, Sb, Bi, Ta, W, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Er, Ho, Tb, Tm, Yb, Lu, P, Cd, and Pb.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of controlling a process based on a network operation mode and an apparatus therefor. A process controlling method performed in a network device includes determining an operation mode for an operating system of the network device, determining an entity for controlling a process based on the determined operation mode, and controlling the process through the determined entity. According to the present invention, it is possible to control a process lifecycle through the same interface regardless of the network operation mode.

Abstract: A retinal imaging device includes a camera, a light source, a projector, an I/O device and a computer. The projector emits two sets of light rays, such that one set of rays lies on an exterior surface of a first cone, and the other set of rays lie on an exterior surface of a second cone. The user adjusts the position of his or her eye relative to the camera, until the rays form a full, undistorted target image on the retina. This full, undistorted image is only seen when the pupil of the eye is positioned in the intersection of the first and second cones, and the eye is thus aligned with the camera. The user provides input, via the I/O device, that the user is seeing this image. The computer then instructs the camera to capture retinal images and the light source to simultaneously illuminate the retina.

Abstract: A substrate for depositing diamond by CVD, comprising a base body of hard material and a coating layer that holds diamond particles as seed crystal in a matrix and is deposited joined thereto on a surface of said base body, wherein: the seed diamond particles have an average particle size of 1 ?m or smaller; the matrix comprises a first metal selected from a first group of Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W and/or a first compound between said first metal and a non-metallic substance selected from boron, carbon and nitrogen, said matrix holding the diamond particles distributed therein; and a joint zone developed as a result of a diffusion process and extending over said base body and coating layer comprises either or both atoms of said first metal and a component metal of the hard material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aluminum alloy for die casting which comprises 1.0 weight % to 2.0 weight % of magnesium (Mg), 0.5 weight % to 1.6 weight % of iron (Fe), and 0.5 weight % to 0.9 weight % of silicon (Si), with the remainder being aluminum (Al) and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbazole derivative represented by Formula 1: wherein X is CH2 or C(O), Y is selected from NR1R2, piperidinyl groups in which two of the carbon atoms are substituted with R3 and R4, piperazinyl groups in which the nitrogen atom is substituted with R5, and morpholinyl groups, n is an integer from 2 to 5, R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are each independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, and benzyl, with the proviso that R1 and R2 may be bonded together to form a ring, R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, and benzyl, and R5 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, phenyl substituted with C1-C4 alkyloxy, hydroxyphenyl, benzyl, and benzoisoxazol-3-yl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a system including at least one computing device for enhancing the recovery of heavy oil in an underground, near-surface crude oil extraction environment by performing a method comprising sampling and identifying microbial species (bacteria and/or fungi) that reside in the underground, near-surface crude oil extraction environment; collecting rock and fluid property data from the underground, near-surface crude oil extraction environment; collecting nutrient data from the underground, near-surface crude oil extraction environment; identifying a preferred microbial species from the underground, near-surface crude oil extraction environment that can transform the heavy oil into a lighter oil; identifying a nutrient from the underground, near-surface crude oil extraction environment that promotes a proliferation of the preferred microbial species; and introducing the nutrient into the underground, near-surface crude oil extraction environment.

Abstract: Provided are a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a method of fabricating the same. The complex spatial light modulator includes a thin film transistor (TFT) layer provided on a substrate, an amplitude type SLM and a phase type SLM electrically connected to the TFT layer, and a first polarizer provided on the phase type SLM, wherein the TFT layer includes transistors electrically connected to the amplitude type SLM and the phase type SLM, respectively, and the amplitude type SLM and the phase type SLM are commonly and electrically connected to the TFT layer and driven.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a molecularly imprinted structure for detection of a pentraxin protein and a method for preparing the same by synthesizing a reactive group-pentraxin protein ligand complex specifically reacting with the pentraxin protein and being polymerizable with a crosslink agent to detect a pentraxin protein by using the complex. The present disclosure also provides a chip for detection of a C-reactive protein and a method for preparing the same, the chip including a molecularly imprinted layer having excellent sensitivity to a C-reactive protein and an improved binding force to a metal substrate by using click chemistry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a humidity sensor including: a conductive material in which electric charges are charged; a charger which charges the electric charges in the conductive material; and a measurer which measures a change amount of the electric charges charged in the conductive material.

Abstract: Data visualization systems and methods for generating 3D visualizations of a multidimensional data space are described. In one embodiment a 3D data visualization application directs a processing system to: load a set of multidimensional data points into a visualization table; create representations of a set of 3D objects corresponding to the set of data points; receive mappings of data dimensions to visualization attributes; determine the visualization attributes of the set of 3D objects based upon the selected mappings of data dimensions to 3D object attributes; update a visibility dimension in the visualization table for each of the plurality of 3D object to reflect the visibility of each 3D object based upon the selected mappings of data dimensions to visualization attributes; and interactively render 3D data visualizations of the 3D objects within the virtual space from viewpoints determined based upon received user input.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nanosecond pulse laser device. The nanosecond pulse laser device of the present invention comprises: a light source which outputs a nanosecond pulse laser beam; a lens which focuses the laser beam; a Raman shift optical fiber which generates pulse lasers corresponding to a plurality of wavelengths through stimulated Raman scattering of the focused laser beam; a wavelength divider which divides, from among the pulse lasers, the pulse lasers of a predetermined wavelength; an optical switch which selects the pulse lasers outputted from the wavelength divider to mutually alternate the wavelengths in response to a switch control signal which is applied from the outside; and a wavelength combiner which combines and outputs the pulse lasers whose wavelengths are alternatively outputted from the switch.

Abstract: Method for determining volatile thio-ether compounds in offensive odorous sediment including: pre-treating a sediment sample, extracting volatile thio-ether compounds, separating and purifying the extraction supernatant in a solid phase extraction column, eluting with ethyl acetate, and finally collecting the eluent, which is then concentrated and used for determination by gas chromatography.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a push notification-based remote control method and an apparatus for the remote control method. A push notification client includes a message receiving module for receiving a push notification message from a push notification server. A rule interpretation module determines whether a remote control rule is present in the push notification message. A rule registration management module is configured to, if it is determined that the remote control rule is present in the push notification message, register the remote control rule in a rule execution list. A rule execution module executes the remote control rule.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a receiver device, including receiving antennas, radio frequency receivers, a configurable precision analog-to-digital converter, a switch device, a baseband processor, and an analog-to-digital controller. The switch device converts a first number of baseband analog signals into a second number of baseband analog signals. The configurable precision analog-to-digital converter converts the second number of baseband analog signals into a third number of first baseband digital signals. The configurable precision analog-to-digital converter combines at least two of first analog-to-digital converters into at least one second analog-to-digital converter so that the total number of the rest of the first analog-to-digital converters and the at least one second analog-to-digital converters is equal to the third number. The resolution of each of the second analog-to-digital converters is higher than the resolution of each of the first analog-to-digital converters.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel xylanase having various excellent enzymological properties, and that is suitable for industrial applications. The polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of (a), (b), and (c) below: (a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7; (b) a polypeptide having xylanase activity and comprising an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7, the amino acid sequence having substitution, deletion, insertion, and/or addition of one or several amino acid residues; and (c) a polypeptide having xylanase activity and comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% identity with an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs. 1 to 7.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal current collection structure of a tubular thermal to electric converting cell including an internal electrode, a solid electrolyte and an external electrode. The internal current collection structure includes: a first current collector which closely contacts with the internal electrode of the tubular thermal to electric converting cell; a second current collector which fixes the first porous current collector to the inside of the tubular thermal to electric converting cell and causes the first current collector to be in close contact with the internal electrode; and a lead wire which is a conductive medium and is located between the first current collector and the second current collector.