Abstract: A variety of micromachined structures are disclosed for use in DC-tunable ultrasound transducers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating sound bullets are described. Such sound bullets are created by controlling and/or redirecting highly nonlinear acoustic waves or pulses propagating through an array of actuators. The controlling and/or redirecting of the acoustic waves or pulses is achieved though methods such as applying pre-compressive forces to the array of actuators or by selection of size, shape and/or material of the actuators.

Abstract: An FPGA apparatus and a method for protecting bitstreams are provided. The FPGA apparatus includes: a key storage unit, which is configured to be accessed only from within the FPGA, and having stored therein the encryption/decryption key and the initial key generated by the random number generator; a setting bitstream storage unit, which is an internal non-volatile memory stored with bitstreams for setting authentication and encryption/decryption; and an authentication and encryption/decryption setting unit, which is configured to call the encryption and decryption key and the initial value stored in the key storage unit to store encrypted bitstreams and authentication codes generated as a result of performing encryption on the bitstreams stored in the setting bitstream storage unit in external non-volatile memory, and verity the integrity of the encrypted bitstreams stored in the external non-volatile memory at the time of designing of the FPGA using the encrypted bitstreams.

Abstract: Provided is a fast stochastic decoding method for a low density parity check (LDPC) code. The decoding method may include decoding the LDPC code based on an LDPC decoding scheme, using a message expressed by a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) value.

Abstract: Provided is a transmission apparatus for a dynamic lane operation in a multi-lane based Ethernet system, including: a monitor to monitor whether at least one lane being used by the transmission apparatus is modified; an upper layer manager to transmit, to a Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) of the transmission apparatus, lane change information associated with the modified at least one lane; and an RS manager to transmit the lane change information to an RS of a reception apparatus corresponding to the RS of the transmission apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a frame structure designed for distributed access control and OFDMA transmission in a wireless mesh network. Also, a communication method and a network node based on the frame structure are provided. Mesh nodes included in the wireless mesh network may use the frame structure and thus, may have a high prospect of transmitting a network configuration information message and scheduling information for obtaining a resource. Also, a scheduling process of the mesh nodes may be completed within a short period based on the frame structure.

Abstract: A device is presented having reversibly changeable and optically readable optical properties. The device comprises a substrate having an electrically conductive surface and carrying a redox-active layer structure. The redox-active layer structure may be a monolayer or a multi-layer structure and is configured to have at least one predetermined electronic property including at least one of electrodensity and oxidation state. The electronic property of the layer structure defines an optical property of the structure thereby determining an optical response of the structure to certain incident light. This at least one electronic property is changeable by subjecting the redox-active layer structure to an electric field or to a redox-active material. The device thus enables effecting a change in said electronic property that results in a detectable change in the optical response of the layer structure.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a system for controlling devices and information on a network by hand gestures, and more particularly, to a system for controlling devices and information on a network by hand gestures in which a device or a file to be controlled is selected by a user and a display device is pointed so that information and data can be shared and that various devices can be coupled to each other easily and can be controlled easily. The system for controlling devices and information on a network by hand gestures can remarkably improve the interaction between various input and display devices and a user under a ubiquitous computing environment.

Abstract: A medium access control (MAC) technique of a multihop sensor network. In the multihop sensor network, the MAC technique may contribute to significantly reducing transmission delay, and allow real-time services to be provided to all nodes by extending a guaranteed time slot (GTS) restricted to one hop in a personal area network (PAN) coordinator (PNC) to all nodes. Furthermore, the MAC technique may allow the number of available GTSs to be significantly increased, by using all 16 frequency band channels instead of using only a single frequency band and setting a multi-superframe.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) module including a first VCO unit, a second VCO unit, and a matching circuit is provided. The first VCO unit includes a first terminal and a second terminal and generates a first oscillator signal. The second VCO unit is coupled to the first VCO unit and generates a second oscillator signal. The matching circuit is coupled between the first VCO unit and second VCO unit. The matching circuit includes a plurality of inductor modules respectively coupled between the first terminal of the first VCO unit and the second VCO unit, between the first terminal and the second terminal of the first VCO unit, and between the second terminal of the first VCO unit and the second VCO unit. Furthermore, a method for generating oscillator signals is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor chip stack package and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, to a semiconductor chip stack package and a manufacturing method thereof in which a plurality of chips can be rapidly arranged and bonded without a precise device or operation so as to improve productivity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer including a polymer polymerized of a phosphorous-based monomer, a polymer polymerized of a nitrogen-based monomer, or a polymer polymerized of the phosphorous-based monomer and the nitrogen-based monomer. The phosphorous-based monomer has the formula as follows: and the nitrogen-based monomer has the formula as follows: R1 and R3 consists of hydrogen, a phenyl group, a C7-12 alkyl phenyl group, a C1-12 alkyl group, a C2-12 ether group, a C1-12 alkoxyl group, or a C1-12 hydroxylalkyl group, respectively. R2 and R4 consists of a phenylene group, a C7-12 alkyl phenylene group, a C1-12 alkylene group, a C2-12 ether group, a C1-12 alkylene glycol group, or a C1-12 hydroxylalkylene group, respectively.

Abstract: An optical system is provided for use in a vehicle head-up display including a display panel for displaying drive information image, a backlight unit for irradiating light toward the display panel and an optical system for adjusting the size and focal distance of the drive information image projected from the display panel toward a windshield of a motor vehicle. The optical system includes a pre-lens reflection mirror array for reflecting the drive information image projected from the display panel to travel along a first roundabout path, a lens array for adjusting the size and focal distance of the drive information image reflected by the pre-lens reflection mirror array, and a post-lens reflection mirror array for reflecting the drive information image coming from the display panel toward the windshield to travel along a second roundabout path.

Abstract: An amplification cell employing a linearization scheme and an active inductor using the same are provided. The active inductor includes: first and second amplification cells each including a main amplifying unit amplifying an input signal, an auxiliary amplifying unit connected in parallel to the main amplifying unit and eliminating nonlinear characteristics of the main amplifying unit while amplifying the input signal, and a negative load unit connected to an output terminal of the main amplifying unit and that of the auxiliary amplifying unit; a plurality of load resistors for tuning frequency; and a plurality of capacitors for tuning frequency, wherein an output from the first amplification cell is negatively fed back to the second amplification cell, an output from the second amplification cell is negatively fed back to the first amplification cell, and the plurality of load resistors and the plurality of capacitors are disposed on negative feedback paths of the first and second amplification cells.

Abstract: Electrochemical methods for manufacturing a zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) thin film include preparing an electrodeposition solution and forming the zinc ferrite thin film on a conductive substrate under suitable conditions. The electrodeposition solution includes about 10?2 M to about 10?1 M zinc nitrate aqueous solution and about 10?3 M to about 10?2 M ferric nitrate aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method of modeling and testing the effectiveness of an EGR cooler. The cooler effectiveness is mathematically modeled as a function of various temperatures and over an operation history that includes one or more engine shut-downs.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a nitride electronic device and a method for manufacturing the same, and particularly, to a nitride electronic device and a method for manufacturing the same that can implement various types of nitride integrated structures on the same substrate through a regrowth technology (epitaxially lateral over-growth: ELOG) of a semi-insulating gallium nitride (GaN) layer used in a III-nitride semiconductor electronic device including Group III elements such as gallium (Ga), aluminum (Al) and indium (In) and nitrogen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding structured data by fragmenting the structured data into fragments according to a configuration of the structured data and encoding the fragments to generate encoded fragments using a string table including strings contained in the structured data.

Abstract: A P2P network has a content provider and a plurality of peers viewing the same video streaming channel. Each peer has a P2P live streaming system. In an exemplary system, a token manager module manages at least a token sent by the plurality of peer nodes, notifies a recording manager module to publish recorded media stream content, and to record media stream data. The recording manager module, according to the notification, manages a corresponding buffer for each peer node itself, records the media stream content into the corresponding buffer and publishes the recorded media stream content information to the P2P network. A P2P module handles the P2P messages and maintains the P2P network topology for the plurality of peer nodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed at clathrate (Type I) allotropes of silicon, germanium and tin. In method form, the present disclosure is directed at methods for forming clathrate allotropes of silicon, germanium or tin which methods lead to the formation of empty cage structures suitable for use as electrodes in rechargeable type batteries.